• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.156-157
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• 2016

Construction projects have shown a dramatic increase in size and complexity during the recent years that precise management has been recognized as one of key factors leading the project to success. It has been investigated that management in construction sites is generally done based on the experience of site engineers. Such experience based decision making lacks reliability that could bring disastrous results such as delay and cost overruns. The purpose of this study is to suggest a process progress pattern analysis method that is expected to be used as an objective reference for site managers to aid the decision making done regarding process progress management.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.53 no.8
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• pp.443-446
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• 2004

In this paper, a multi-band ceramic chip antenna for WLAN(Wireless LAN) applications is designed. The design target is to obtain 0 dBi of coverage gain with omni directional radiation pattern. The antenna is fabricated using Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic(LTCC) technology. The size of the chip antenna is $2.2{\times}9.65{\times}1.02$mm. The measured antenna gain is 1 dBi at 2.44 GHz and 0.5 dBi at 5.5 GHz. The omni directional radiation pattern for the two operating bands is obtained. The measured bandwidth(S11=-10 dB) are 90 MHz at 2.44 GHz and 1280 MHz at 5.5 GHz respectively

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.439-452
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• 2008

This study was conducted to identify major dietary patterns of generally healthy Korean middle-aged women and to examine associations of the dietary patterns with socio-demographic, psychological, and physical characteristics. Data were drawn from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), which is an ongoing national surveillance system. Healthy female subjects aged 40-64 years and provided the health interview examination and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data were included. We conducted factor analysis based on daily mean intake frequency of 26 food groups and identified 3 major dietary patterns, healthy, convenient, and alcohol-animal. The healthy pattern was characterized by higher intakes of fish, seafood, poultry, mushroom, seaweed, vegetable, tomato, potato, and fruit, the convenient pattern by processed meat and fish, ramen, noodle and rice cake, sweet snack, egg, bread, and fast food, and the alcohol-animal pattern by alcohol, poultry, meat, and fish. The healthy pattern was significantly related with higher socio-economic status, more stable family structure, healthier mentality, and sounder status of anthropometric and biochemical variables. Those with higher factor scores for the convenience pattern were found to be younger and having higher socio-economic status, higher subjective levels of health, and lower subjective levels of worry on health. Several physical characteristics significantly improved as the levels of the convenience pattern increased. The alcohol-animal pattern was significantly associated with several socio-demographic characteristics including a low education level, a young age, a small family size, and blue-collar jobs. Public health policy makers can utilize the study findings to select prior target populations with higher needs and to tailor dietary behavioral messages to lower chronic disease risks among Korean middle-aged women.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.12
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• pp.51-58
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• 1994

Mathematical morphology based on set theory is easy to be implemented in parallel and can be applied to various fields in image analysis. Particularly mophological pattern spectrum can detect critical scales in an image object and quantify various aspects of the shape-size content. In this paper, texture classification using pattern spectrum based on morphological subband decomposition is porposed. The low-low band extracts pattern spectrum features, and the high-low, low-high, and high-high bands extrack the structural information. This approach has the advantages of efficient information extraction, less time-consuming, high accuacy, less computation, and parallel implementation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.642-649
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• 2010

This study was designed to generate briefs pattern for women in their twenties using 3D parametric body model. 151 women in their 20's were random sampled and measured using Martine's anthropometry. And one subject was chosen as the representative subject for 3D scanning. Parametric model was generated of using CATIA P3, Unigraphics NX4.0, Rapidform 2006. And the 3D surface of parametric body model was flattened onto the 2D plane. 3 downscale ratios(0%, 10%, 15%) were applied to generated pattern to figure out what downscale ratio was suitable to make briefs with stretch fabric. 4 kinds of experimental briefs were made with stretch fabrics(0%, 10%, 15% downscale) and worn on the dressform. Subjective evaluation on the appearance was done and the data was analyzed by ANOVA with post-hoc test. Briefs pattern was generated through the process of flattening the parametric surface and arranging the patches to make briefs pattern by dart manipulation. The different ration of outline and area between 3D surface and 2D pattern were 0.22% and 0.09% respectively. It showed that a parametric model could provide a desirable pattern with minute size error. The results of subjective evaluation on the appearance of 4 experimental briefs showed that stretch briefs with 15% downscale ratio was evaluated most highly in most items. Findings imply that it is feasible to apply 3D parametric model to generate patterns for various items considering various fabric properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.846-858
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• 2008

This study was designed to propose a method to draft bodice block pattern from 3D body scan data. Subjects were ten elderly women in their 60's, who wear basic size(B: 94cm, W: 82cm) garment. Scanning was done using 3D whole body scanner(WB4, Cyberware). Measurements for 3D data and cross section were attained using Auto CAD, by which a upper bodice pattern for elderly women was drawn on the basis of short measured method. The results are as following: As for most items, no significant differences were shown between measurements from Martin's anthropometry and those from 3D scan data, suggesting measurement from 3D scan data could be used to draft a pattern. The drafting equations acquired were as follows; width of pattern=B/2+5.5, width of waist=W/2+3.5cm, dart amount=8cm. Dart distributions were 23%(B.P.) : 20%(front armpit) : 17%(side seam) : 18%(back armpit) : 15%(back protruded point) : 7% (center back line). Through wearing test using 5-point Likert scale, resultant pattern was evaluated as appropriate for elderly women's pattern to get over 4 point. As a result, it might be said that 3D scanning application is effective for elderly women in that it doesn't take time so much as Martin's anthropometry and that their body shape vary compared with those of young women.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.515-521
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• 2003

There are now many theoretical investigations and real manufactures for numerous applications of photonic crystals (PCs) associated with photonic band gap and photonic integrated circuits. However, there are some difficulties to design and fabricate the desired pattern quality. It is not easy to satisfy accurate critical dimension (CD) for patterns with arbitrary shapes and pitch sizes aligned in various directions. In this work, we report the optimum conditions to better fabricate and design, and greatly improve pattern quality in delineating two-dimensional (2D) PCs in the nanometer range using single- step e-beam lithography system with conventional exposure mode.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.62 no.6
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• pp.218-230
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• 2012

The 25 pieces of women's jogori worn by ChangRyung Jo's family(1721~1742) that are preserved in Yeoju Museum, Gyeounggi Province, Korea were examined in this study. The aim of this study is to analyze women's jogori that were excavated from the grave of Changryung Jo's family, and to characterize women's costumes around the middle $18^{th}$ Century. The size of the jogori was divided into two groups. The garment length of the first group ranged from 31cm to 34cm and the bigger size ranged from 36.5cm to 40cm. The number of jogori in the group with the smaller size was twenty-five pieces and five pieces for the group with the bigger size. Changryung Jo's jogori was composed of two pieces of padded jogori, four pieces of quilted jogori and nineteen pieces of double layer jogori. Even though the direction of the margin located on back seemed point toward the right hand side, the gorum, the string for the tie, and the Sup, the outer gore of the jogori located on the other side of the margin had no pattern of direction. The line of jogori from the armhole gets narrower toward the edge of sleeves which could be recognized as a typical pattern of the middle $18^{th}$ Century jugori. The bigger group of jogori seemed to be worn by people other than ChangRyung Jo's relatives and used to be a gifts to aid in funerals. Major characteristics of jogori is could be categorized into the Dangko Mokpan collar jogori and Samhaejang jogori. The results of this study helps set the relative dating for the women's jogori of middle $18^{th}$ Century where not much excavations have been made.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2011

To design a beautiful hood fitting an unspecific individual, focusing on body parts such as the head, neck and shoulder requires body size and type information, which applied by physical factors like size, types, and movements, etc. These parts consist of complicated types and structures. Accurate information should be a priority due to great individual differences and low correlation with other body parts. However, there is not a lot of detailed physical information nor design methods for hood design. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to select a study sample "hood" which is a recently emerging fashion item and to expand the necessary physical information for pattern design and draw body size of wearing part on Hood like head, cerbical portion and shoulder. Extract factors to consist on types and after divided into several types, a study comparing each type's physical characteristics was conducted. In order to do that, body measurement data have been collected by statistical treatment and analyzed reference with statistical treatment. The results of the study are predicted to be important data to develop various hood designs for the recent fashion trend. Factor analysis was conducted through main composition analysis about direct measured item on human body and index items. The results of factor analysis, composed factors of body type in this research object were extracted in total of 3 factors. To categorize the head, neck and shoulders of women in their early 20s women and determine their characteristics, variances with factor analysis became operative for Cluster analysis. With these clusters, women in their early 20s were categorized into three types. The results of this study are considered to affect largely for higher physical suitability on unspecified individuals when allowed absence of reference and the fact that body size only limited to item 'head circumstance' in terms of making hat and hood in the case of recent Korea. For the future, an experimental study of hood production should be conducted by using basic data from this study.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.279-283
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• 2018

In this study, we investigate the behavior of abrasive particles and change of the stick-slip pattern according to chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process parameters when a large number of abrasive particles are fixed on a pad. The CMP process is simulated using the finite element method. In the simulation, the abrasive grains are composed of those used in the actual CMP process. Considering the cohesion of the abrasive grains with the start of the CMP process, abrasive particles with various sizes are fixed onto the pad at different intervals so that stick-slip could occur. In this analysis, we determine that when the abrasive particle size is relatively large, the stick-slip period does not change as the pressure increases while the moving speed is constant. However, if the size of the abrasive grains is relatively small, the amount of deformation of the grains increases due to the elasticity of the pad. Therefore, the stick-slip pattern may not be observed. As the number of abrasive particles increases, the stick-slip period and displacement decrease. This is consistent with the decrease in the von Mises yield stress value on the surface of the wafer as the number of abrasive grains increases. We determine that when the number of the abrasive grains increases, the polishing rate, and characteristics are improved, and scratches are reduced. Moreover, we establish that the period of stick-slip increases and the change of the stick-slip size was not large when the abrasive particle size was relatively small.