• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-112
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of selected internal and situational factors on children's prosocial behaviors. While child's sex and trait empathy were chosen as internal factors, state empathy and social evaluation were regarded as situational factors. The subjects were 72 bays and 72 girls chosen from 288 eleven-year-olds. This selection was based on their emplathic scores measured by the Bryant Empathy Scale (1982). Half of the 144 children belonged to the high-trait empathic group and the other half to the low-trait empathic group. Within each of the high-and the low-trait empathic groups, equal numbers of boys and girls were randomly assigned to one of the two state empathy conditions and two social evaluation conditions. The state empathy conditions were divided into the arousal condition and the disregarding condition. To control social evaluation, subjects were led to believe that the experimenter either would or would not evaluate their donation of colorful ball-point pens to handicapped children. The data was analyzed by 4-way ANOVA [sex(2)${\times}$trait empathy(2)${\times}$state empathy(2)${\times}$social evaluation(2)]. The results were that (1) children's prosocial behaviors were significantly different by sex, state empathy, and social evaluation, and (2) children's prosocial behaviors were not significantly different by their trait empathy level.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.198-206
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• 2024

This study investigated the relationships of situational factors, motivational assessment-related factors, and situationally induced personal characteristics with pro-social intention to disclose patient information among health and medical students. In total, 210 students from Konyang University participated in the survey, including 116 medical students and 94 other health students. To measure the influence of variables on pro-social intention to disclose information related to health information security, a 27-item questionnaire was used. The reliability of the survey was shown by Cronbach's α values of 0.859 to 0.917. According to students' perceptions, higher disease severity was significantly related to higher impacts on the patient, family, and themselves (p<0.01), as well as higher situational empathy (p<0.05). Pro-social intention to disclose showed negative correlations with health information security awareness, information education experience, perceived impact on the self, responsibility to disclose, and personal norms (r=-0.136 to -0.647, p<0.05). Responsibility to disclose and situational empathy explained approximately 44% of the variance in pro-social intention to disclose. Additionally, students who received information security training perceived a significantly higher responsibility to disclose, exhibited higher health information security awareness, and had lower pro-social intention to disclose. This study confirmed the need for information security education for health and medical students, and suggested that pro-social characteristics such as empathy and responsibility need to be carefully addressed in information security education.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.69-81
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• 2016

Objective: The literature on participant roles in bullying lacks empirical evidence to explicate what differentiates latent participation. The purpose of the present study was to examine social cognition in early adolescents (i.e., empathy, prosocial moral reasoning, and perceived group norm) with latent participants of bullying. Methods: The participants included 279 adolescents (129 girls; M age = 13.5 years) in two middle schools. Results: The result showed that empathy, prosocial moral reasoning, and perceived group norm were possible determinants of latent bullying. First, high levels of empathy (especially empathic concern and perspective taking) was associated with latent defenders. Second, helping decision of prosocial moral dilemma and prosocial moral reasoning were associated with complex situational cues. Third, latent reinforcer positively indentified the group norm with regard to bullying. Conclusion: The results are discussed in terms of practical implications for anti-bullying programs and educational practitioners.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the role of scientific empathy in influencing students' productive disciplinary engagement in scientific activities and analyze the key factors of scientific empathy that manifest during this process. Twelve fifth-grade students were divided into three subgroups based on their general empathic abilities. Lessons promoting productive disciplinary engagement, integrating design thinking processes, were conducted. Subgroup discourse analysis during idea generation and prototype stages, two of five problem-solving steps, enabled observation of scientific empathy and practice aspects. The results showed that applying scientific empathy effectively through design thinking facilitated students' productive disciplinary engagement in science. In the idea generation stage, we observed an initial increase followed by a decrease in scientific empathy and practice utterances, while during the prototyping stage, utterance frequency increased, particularly in the later part. However, subgroups with lower empathic abilities displayed decreased discourse frequency in scientific empathy and practice during the prototype stage due to a lack of collaborative communication. Across all empathic ability levels, the students articulated all five key factors of scientific empathy through their utterances in situations involving productive science engagement. In the high empathic ability subgroup, empathic understanding and concern were emphasized, whereas in the low empathic ability subgroup, sensitivity, scientific imagination, and situational interest, factors of empathizing with the research object, were prominent. These results indicate that experiences of scientific empathy with research objects, beyond general empathetic abilities, serve as a distinct and crucial factor in stimulating diverse participation and sustaining students' productive engagement in scientific activities during science classes. By suggesting the potential multidimensional impact of scientific empathy on productive disciplinary engagement, this study contributes to discussions on the theoretical structure and stability of scientific empathy in science education.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.294-304
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• 1998

Illness is a situational crisis which affects entire family members. Children have different experiences and responses when their sibling has a cancer. there are many studies on sibling experiences to childhood cancer which have many problems in the USA. The main purpose of this study is to describe sibling experiences to childhood cancer accurately and coprehensively by collecting data from sibling to provide the data to develop nursing interventions for the families with childhood cancer. The data was collected from October 1 to November 6, 1995. A total of ten siblings with childhood cancer were interviewed. The meaningful contents were classified and categorized to four areas. Theses areas include knowledge and perception related to illness, changes in family life, changes in school life, and siblings' marturation. The results of this study were as follows 1. Knowledge and perception related to childhood cancer : Children had limited knowledge about illness and expressed the desire to tow more about sibling's illness. 2. Changes in family and school life : Children expressed loneness, emptiness, sadness, depression about seperation with the mother and sibling, family mood change, leisure activities and financial difficulites. Many children reported that their school performance had suffered since sibling's illness. 3. Maturation of children : Some positive outcoms related to having a sibling with a cancer are maturation, increased affection for the sibling, empathy for their parents. The results of this study indicate that it is important to develop comprehensive nursing intervention programs for the families with a childhood cancer.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2011

This study explores the causes of online helping behavior. This study tests the effects of various explanatory factors on the basis of previous studies on helping behavior. These factors include social demographic, situational, motivational, and social capital factors. According to the survey of 475 university students living in Seoul in 2010, age and religion have significant effects on online helping behavior. In addition, the perceived helping opportunity, time and effort cost to help, and social capital factor have significant effects on online helping behavior. Results reveal that the effect of social capital factor is the largest among other variables. However, it is shown that the effects of benefit from helping, empathy, and personal norm are not statistically significant. It is also revealed that the effect of social capital factor is important across all types of online helping behavior except information helping. The policy implications are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of human rights sensitivity of occupational therapist and to compare the difference of the human rights sensitivity according to their characteristics and to provide basic data for the development of human rights education programs for occupational therapists in the future and to emphasize their role as human rights advocates. Methods : The subjects for this study were occupational therapists who chosen by snowball sampling method. The questionnaire consisted of 5 episodes and 30 questions to measure the level of occupational therapist's human rights sensitivity and 7 questions for identifying general characteristics of subjects. We distributed the questionnaire by on-line. 165 copies were collected and used to final data analysis. Results : The average of occupational therapists' human rights sensitivity was $33.52{\pm}14.96$. According to the subcategories, the average of perception of situation was $20.44{\pm}2.32$, perception of result was $19.85{\pm}2.32$, and the perception of responsibility was $19.14{\pm}2.21$. Among 5 episodes, The highest score was the right to pursue one's happiness of the elderly($12.72{\pm}1.56$), and the lowest score was the right to personal freedom in disabled ($11.04{\pm}2.23$). There were significantly differences of the subjects' age, educational level, organization type, and the level of clinical experiences. Conclusion : Occupational therapists' human rights sensitivity increased with age and the level of clinical experiences. And the human rights sensitivity increased as they were exposed to various human rights related circumstances. The reason of the highest score for situational awareness was that empathy for the client-centered intervention is important. This study confirmed that it is necessary to have human rights education and various educational programs.