• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.31-36
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate optical shop startup awareness of ophthalmic optics students as a basic source for startup education. Methods: Total of 287 students from three ophthalmic optics college in kyung-gi region was surveyed and analyzed using SPSS analysis. Results: Optical shop startup business plan of ophthalmic optics students was very high (80.1%). For startup timing, over 6yrs of employe (37.0%) was most and there was significant difference according to age (p<.001) and optician family present (p<.05). For startup type, single startup type (37%) was most and there was significant difference according to grade (p<.01). For startup unit of space, 30 pyong (43.5%) was most, Seoul metropolitan area and kyung-gi region (54.4%) was most for startup region, and station area (40.8%) was most for startup location. The reason of non-startup was eye hospital and glass related company employe (35.7%) was most and optical shop employe (35.7%) was most for non-startup planner's way. Conclusions: Startup business plan was very high and need to have startup education for there startup provision.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.115-123
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• 2009

Integrated information to water quantity and quality is essential for planning water resources management as well as operating water-related infrastructures. Because data collection process including monitoring and maintenance is separated in different governmental agencies in Korea, integrating quantity and quality may provide effective and better management implementation. In this study, a number of suggestions regarding integration of water monitoring were concluded in terms of technological, legal and institutional implications. First, it is necessary to discuss national water monitoring plan, national water information management plan, agreement of standard terms of monitoring between ministries, and to revise the law(river law and water quality management law). Present stations for water monitoring should be used for both of quantity and quality monitoring. If station is newly installed or relocated, it is better that one single agency maintain monitoring frequency and data management as well. In addition, a monitoring protocol need to be agreed by each of parties. In order to develop integrated monitoring system, quality assurance of the collected data should be properly maintained. Since many purposes haven been concerned using of data analysis and assessment so far, it may not be easy to integrate water quantity and quality monitoring in a short period. However, the alternatives including enhancing institutional regulations and programs, advanced technology may promote an efficient integrated water monitoring.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.404-411
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• 2019

In this study, the HEC-HMS was applied to determine rainfall-runoff processes for the Gokgyuchun basin. Several sub-basins have large-scale reservoirs for agricultural needs and they store large amounts of initial runoff. Three infiltration methods were implemented to reflect the effect of initial loss by reservoirs: 'SCS-CN'(Scheme I), 'SCS-CN' with simple surface method(Scheme II), and 'Initial and Constant rate'(Scheme III). Modeling processes include incorporating three different methods for loss due to infiltration, Clark's UH model for transformation, exponential recession model for baseflow, and Muskingum model for channel routing. The parameters were calibrated using an optimization technique with trial and error method. Performance measures, such as NSE, RAR, and PBIAS, were adopted to aid in the calibration processes. The model performance for those methods was evaluated at Gangcheong station, which is the outlet of study site. Good accuracy in predicting runoff volume and peak flow, and peak time was obtained using the Scheme II and III, considering the initial loss, whereas Scheme I showed low reliability for storms. Scheme III did not show good matches between observed and simulated values for storms with multi peaks. Conclusively, Scheme II provided better results for both single and multi-peak storms. The results of this study can provide a useful tool for decision makers to determine master plans for regional flood control management.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2022

IEEE 802.11ay Wi-Fi is the next generation wireless technology and operates in mmWave band. It supports the MU-MIMO (Multiple User Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmission in which an AP (Access Point) can transmit multiple data streams simultaneously to multiple STAs (Stations). To this end, the AP should perform MU-MIMO beamforming training with the STAs. For efficient MU-MIMO beamforming training, it is important for the AP to estimate signal strength measured at each STA at which multiple beams are used simultaneously. Therefore, in the paper, we propose a deep learning-based link quality estimation scheme. Our proposed scheme estimates the signal strength with high accuracy by utilizing a deep learning model pre-trained for a certain indoor or outdoor propagation scenario. Specifically, to estimate the signal strength of the multiple concurrent beams, our scheme uses the signal strengths of the respective single beams, which can be obtained without additional signaling overhead, as the input of the deep learning model. For performance evaluation, we utilized a Q-D (Quasi-Deterministic) Channel Realization open source software and extensive channel measurement campaigns were conducted with NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) to implement the millimeter wave (mmWave) channel. Our simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms comparison schemes in terms of the accuracy of the signal strength estimation.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.3-17
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• 2022

This study aims to empirically analyze the impacts of the topographic characteristics of residential areas and the characteristics of land use and transportation on average trip distance of the senior citizens in Busan Metropolitan city. Multiple regression is conducted to accomplish the purpose of this study, and the conclusions and policy implications of the analysis are as follows. First, the average and standard deviation of the residential areas are significantly related to average trip distance of the senior citizens. Thus, urban transportation policies need to take account of the topographic characteristics of the residential areas. Second, average distance from the nearest subway station and density of bus stops have positive and negative association respectively. Mobility improvement polices for senior citizens should consider urban spatial structure and different approach processes to transportation facilities by modes. Third, mobility and residential environment improvement policies for senior citizens should take into account different sociodemographic characteristics by locations. This shows that the mobility convenience policy for senior citizens is more necessary than any other policy for administrative dong, where traffic access is relatively low and the single senior citizen population is concentrated.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2023

To apply UV-C as a non-heating sterilization method to increase the microbiological safety of fresh seedless watermelon products, reductions in E. coli and quality changes by treatment dose (0, 2, 4, 8, 14, 20 kJ/m²) were investigated. The pH, sugar content, and hardness of watermelon inoculated with E. coli were not significantly different according to the UV-C treatment dose, but the polyphenol content was significantly decreased compared to the controls (425.4 GAE ㎍/g F.W.). When treated with 2 and 4 kJ/m², the lycopene content was 31.6 and 30.9 ㎍/g F.W., respectively, which was increased compared to the controls (28.5 ㎍/g F.W.). The arginine and citrulline content was also significantly increased compared to the controls. The number of E. coli was significantly decreased compared to the controls following UV-C treatment. Considering the degree of E. coli reduction, lycopene content, arginine content, citrulline content, and UV-C irradiation time, subsequent experiments were conducted by selecting a UV-C treatment dose of 2 kJ/m². The results of confirming the degree of reduction in the number of E. coli colonies by a single treatment and combined treatment with UV-C 2 kJ/m² and 70% ethanol showed that the combined treatment was most effective as colonies were decreased by 2.3 log CFU/g compared to the controls. Therefore, it is judged that UV-C 2 kJ/m² radiation and combined treatment with 70% ethanol could be applied as a non-heating sterilization method for fresh watermelon slices.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 1986

In an attempt to find better ways to relate growth with temperature and to estimate maturity differences in corn (Zea mays L.), various formulas of computing Growing Degree Days (GDD) were evaluated. Utilizing data from 17 plantings of a single cross, Suweon 19, over a 3 year period, 24 different methods of computing GDD were compared for their ability to reduce variations over different plantings. The best equation was to compute GDD with a base temperature of 10$^{\circ}C$ and an optimum of 30$^{\circ}C$. The excess temperature above 30$^{\circ}C$ was subtracted to account for high temperature stress. GDDs required for emergence and silking of Suweon 19 were 64${\pm}$12$^{\circ}$ and 794${\pm}$19$^{\circ}$, respectively. Based on these GDD values, emergence and silking dates could be estimated with a variation less than 3 days. The observed and estimated number of days from planting to emergence and silking were not significantly different.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.227-232
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• 1983

Two single cross maize hybrids planted on May 4 and 25 and June 15, 1982 were grown at 40,000:55,000 70,000 and 85,000 plants per hectare to evaluate plant density effect on growth and grain yield at different planting dates. Two hybrids with different leaf angle (Suweon 19 with horizontal leaves and Suweon 58 with erect leaves) and the same maturity were used. The number of days from planting to silking varied from 74 to 58 days as planting was delayed from May 4 to June 15. However, growing degree days from planting to silking was about $810^{\circ}C$ regardless planting dates. Grain yields of two hybrids were significantly decreased as planting was delayed. The number of ears per 100 plants and the number of kernels per ear of two hybrids were linearly decreased with increasing plant density. The optimum plant density for Suweon 19 estimated by Duncan's method was about 55,000 plants hectare for May 4 and 25 plantings and decreased to 32,000 plants/hectare for June 15 planting. The optimum density for Suweon 58 was estimated to be about 71,000 plants/hectare for May 4 planting and 54,000 plants/hectare for May 25 planting, respectively.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.991-1002
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the underlying gene regions responsible for productive, phenotypic or adaptive traits in different ecological types of Tibetan sheep and the discovery of important genes encoding valuable traits. Methods: We used whole-genome resequencing to explore the genetic relationships, phylogenetic tree, and population genetic structure analysis. In addition, we identified 28 representative Tibetan sheep single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic selective sweep regions with different traits in Tibetan sheep by fixation index (Fst) and the nucleotide diversity (θπ) ratio. Results: The genetic relationships analysis showed that each breed partitioned into its own clades and had close genetic relationships. We also identified many potential breed-specific selective sweep regions, including genes associated with hypoxic adaptability (MTOR, TRHDE, PDK1, PTPN9, TMTC2, SOX9, EPAS1, PDGFD, SOCS3, TGFBR3), coat color (MITF, MC1R, ERCC2, TCF25, ITCH, TYR, RALY, KIT), wool traits (COL4A2, ERC2, NOTCH2, ROCK1, FGF5, SOX9), and horn phenotypes (RXFP2). In particular, a horn-related gene, RXFP2, showed the four most significantly associated SNP loci (g. 29481646 A>G, g. 29469024 T>C, g. 29462010 C>T, g. 29461968 C>T) and haplotypes. Conclusion: This finding demonstrates the potential for genetic markers in future molecular breeding programs to improve selection for horn phenotypes. The results will facilitate the understanding of the genetic basis of production and adaptive unique traits in Chinese indigenous Tibetan sheep taxa and offer a reference for the molecular breeding of Tibetan sheep.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1142-1150
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• 2023

Objective: To evaluate ^99mtechnetium-three polyethylene glycol spacers-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (^99mTc-3PRGD₂) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) imaging for diagnosing lymph node metastasis of primary malignant lung neoplasms. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 26 patients with primary malignant lung tumors who underwent ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging. Both imaging methods were analyzed in qualitative (visual dichotomous and 5-point grades for lymph nodes and lung tumors, respectively) and semiquantitative (maximum tissue-to-background radioactive count) manners for the lymph nodes and lung tumors. The performance of the differentiation of lymph nodes with and without metastasis was determined at the per-lymph node station and per-patient levels using histopathological results as the reference standard. Results: Total 42 stations had metastatic lymph nodes and 136 stations had benign lymph nodes. The differences between metastatic and benign lymph nodes in the visual qualitative and semiquantitative analyses of ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the semi-quantitative analysis of ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT was 0.908 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.851-0.966), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.86 (36/42), 0.88 (120/136), 0.69 (36/52), and 0.95 (120/126), respectively. Among the 26 patients (including two patients each with two lung tumors), 15 had pathologically confirmed lymph node metastasis. The difference between primary lung lesions in patients with and without lymph node metastasis was statistically significant only in the semi-quantitative analysis of ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT (P = 0.007), with an AUC of 0.807 (95% CI, 0.641-0.974). Conclusion: ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT imaging may notably perform in the direct diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of primary malignant lung tumors and indirectly predict the presence of lymph node metastasis through uptake in the primary lesions.