• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.5249-5255
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study was to develop a single measure of cancer burden (SMCB), which can prioritize cancer sites by considering incidence and mortality. Materials and Methods: Incidence data from 1999 to 2010 were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. Mortality data from 1999 to 2010 were obtained from Statistics Korea. The SMCB was developed by adding incidence and mortality scores. The respective scores were given such that incidence and mortality were classified by ten ranges of equal intervals. Results: According to the SMCB in 2010, stomach cancer ranked $1^{st}$ in males with 20 points, and colorectal cancer was $2^{nd}$ with 11 points. Breast cancer and thyroid cancer were joint $1^{st}$ with 11 points for females. The SMCB for females was less than that for males. The burden of stomach cancer was $1^{st}$ in males from 1999-2010. The incidences of lung cancer and liver cancer decreased, whereas thyroid cancer and colon cancer increased during the period. Breast cancer and thyroid cancer burden showed tendencies to increase in females. Comparison of SMCB with disability-adjusted life years (DALY) and socioeconomic costs in 2005 showed that the top five cancer sites were similar, but there were differences in the size of the cancer burden. Conclusions: The SMCB indicated that the burdens of stomach cancer in males and thyroid and breast cancers in females were large. The single measure showed an advantage, reflected as the equivalent dimensions of incidence and mortality, whereas DALY and economic costs showed tendencies to reflect premature death.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.172-175
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• 2016

Time of Flight(ToF) LiDAR(Light Detection And Ranging) technology has been used for distance measurement and object detection by measuring ToF time information. This technology has been evolved into higher precision measurement field such like autonomous driving car and terrain analysis since the retrieval of exact ToF time information is of prime importance. In this paper, as a accuracy indicator of the ToF time information, timing jitter was measured and analyzed through Single-Shot LiDAR system(SSLs) mainly consisting of 1.5um wavelength MOPA LASER, InGaAs Avalanche Photodiode(APD) at 31M free space environment. Additionally, we applied spline interpolation and multiple-shot averaging method on measured data through SSLs to improve ToF timing information.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.201-209
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• 1997

The objective of this study were 1) to review concepts of user information satisfaction (UIS), 2) to analyze tools for measuring user information satisfaction, 3) to identify factors affecting information satisfaction. The study was carried out by the analysis of literatures related to information system. The construct of UIS has been operationalized in many different ways. Several studies employed single-item rating scales; such scales have been criticized as unreliable. Single-item scales also provide little information as to what the user finds dissatisfying(satisfying) and are thus of limited utility outside a research setting. Multiple-item UIS measures have become increasingly common. Generally, they are of two types. The first focuses on the information system product. With such diverse names as "system acceptance", "output quality", and "appreciation", these scales focus on the content of the information system and the manner in which the information is presented. The second type of multiple-item scale includes the organizational support for developing and maintaining the system as well as the system product itself. This type of instrument contains items concerned with training, documentation, development procedures, systems maintenance, etc., as well as items related to system content. Thus it provides an indicator of the overall quality of information services provided by an information service function. Generally, UIS measures have not been carefully validated. Recently, however, several rigorous attempts have been made to develop valid and reliable UIS measure.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.423-428
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effect of galangin and the 70% ethanolic extract of Alpinia officinarum (AO) toward $KBrO_3$-induced DNA and chromosomal damage in mice. Galangin and AO inhibited the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH2'dG) as an indicator of DNA oxidative damage in the liver cell. Galangin and AO showed the inhibitory effect on the formation of DNA single strand break in the splenocyte by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay and also inhibited micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) formation of peripheral blood in tail blood of mice. Vit-E revealed antigenotoxic effects in DNA and chromosome levels, but galangin was more potent active compound compare to vit-E under our experimental conditions. The results suggest that the extract of Alpinia officinarum containing galangin can modify the oxidative DNA and chromosomal damage and may act as chemopreventive agent against oxidative stress in vivo.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.196-201
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• 2003

Sessile organisms such as the oyster Crassostrea gigas have been given much attention as a potential biomonitoring indicator to assess the impact of toxicants on aquatic organism. In this study, we exposed cells isolated from gill of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) to hydrogen peroxide in vitro. In addition oysters were in vivo exposed to pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene at various concentrations for 2 weeks. Comet assay was used to detect DNA single strand breaks and to investigate the application of this technique as a tool for aquatic biomonitoring. Hydrogen peroxide increased DNA single strand break with increasing concentration after 30 minutes exposure in vitro. Pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene caused DNA damage only at very high concentration (100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L or 1000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) at two week exposure in vivo. DNA damage was relatively higher at hemocyte than at gill. It suggested that metabolized PAHs are transferred to hemolymph from digestive gland which have a relatively high enzyme activity, and attacked the DNA of hemocyte, while gill accumulated PAHs without degrading them to their metabolites due to low enzyme activity at gill. Both in vitro and in vivo exposure experiments showed that the comet assay is an effective tool on screening whether the organism are exposed to genotoxic contaminants.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.445-466
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• 2008

This paper presents a novel structural damage detection method with a new damage index based on the statistical moments of dynamic responses of a structure under a random excitation. After a brief introduction to statistical moment theory, the principle of the new method is put forward in terms of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system. The sensitivity of statistical moment to structural damage is discussed for various types of structural responses and different orders of statistical moment. The formulae for statistical moment-based damage detection are derived. The effect of measurement noise on damage detection is ascertained. The new damage index and the proposed statistical moment-based damage detection method are then extended to multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems with resort to the leastsquares method. As numerical studies, the proposed method is applied to both single and multi-story shear buildings. Numerical results show that the fourth-order statistical moment of story drifts is a more sensitive indicator to structural stiffness reduction than the natural frequencies, the second order moment of story drift, and the fourth-order moments of velocity and acceleration responses of the shear building. The fourth-order statistical moment of story drifts can be used to accurately identify both location and severity of structural stiffness reduction of the shear building. Furthermore, a significant advantage of the proposed damage detection method lies in that it is insensitive to measurement noise.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.524-524
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• 2015

식물의 작물 계수는 실제 증발산량과 잠재 증발산량의 비로 정의되어지며, 이 인자는 식생의 종류, 성장 단계 및 다양한 기후 조건에 따른 작물 재배를 위한 관개에 필요한 물의 양을 예측하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 지점 기반의 작물계수는 다음과 같이 FAO-56 Irrigation and Drainage에서 제시한 Single 과 dual crop coefficient 접근법을 활용하여 계산되어 진다. Single crop coefficient는 하나의 계수에 지표면에서의 증발 및 식생에서의 증산에 대한 영향을 모두 고려한 접근법이며, dual crop coefficient는 지표면에서의 증발 및 식생에서의 증산에 의한 효과를 각각 상이한 계수로 정의하여 그들의 합을 통해 작물계수를 추정되어진다. 이러한 작물계수는 효율적인 수자원 관리를 위해서 광범위한 지역에 대한 작물 계수 산출 및 분석의 필요성이 대두되고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 지점 기반의 작물 계수는 공간적인 대표성을 갖지 못하기 때문에, 실제적인 적용을 위해서는 주변의 환경적 조건을 고려한 local calibration 작업이 추가적으로 수행되어야한다. 본 연구에서는 시공간적인 연속성을 가지는 인공위성을 활용하여 작물 계수를 산정하였으며, 지점 기반 작물 계수와의 비교를 통해 검증을 실시하였다. 또한, 인공위성 기반의 작물계수와 가뭄 분석에 널리 쓰이고 있는 식생상태지수 (Vegetation Condition Index) 와의 비교를 통하여 작물 계수를 통한 광범위한 지역에서의 가뭄 분석의 가능성 또한 분석하였다

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Over the past few years, Wi-Fi signal based indoor positioning system (IPS) has been researched extensively because of its low expenses of infrastructure deployment. There are two major aspects of location-related information contained in Wi-Fi signals. One is channel state information (CSI), and one is received signal strength indicator (RSSI). Compared to the RSSI, the CSI has been widely utilized because it is able to reveal fine-grained information related to locations. However, the conventional IPS that employs a single access point (AP) does not exhibit decent performance especially in the environment of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) situations due to the reliability degeneration of signals caused by multipath fading effect. In order to address this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel method that utilizes multiple APs instead of a single AP to enhance the robustness of the IPS. In our proposed method, a hybrid neural network is applied to the CSIs collected from multiple APs. By relying more on the fingerprint constructed by the CSI collected from an AP that is less affected by the NLOS, we find that the performance of the IPS is significantly improved.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2024

This study presents the characteristics of growth and morphology of Anabaena sp., a representative filamentous cyanobacterium, depending on temperature variation from 10 to 30 ℃. Both the filament density (or number) and its length of Anabaena were highly affected by temperature, as well as growth stage. Rapid growth at a higher temperature led to an increase in Anabaena filament density, as well as optical density at 680 nm (OD₆₈₀). However, the number of vegetative cells within a single filament of Anabaena grown at 30 ℃ was smaller than those grown at lower temperatures, due to the intercalary division of the filament. Of the three different cells comprising a single Anabaena filament, the vegetative cell marginally affects the growth of Anabaena. The main dimensions of the vegetative cell, i.e., length and width, depend on the temperature and growth stage. The length-to-width (L/W) ratios of vegetative cells and akinetes were relatively consistent regardless of the temperature. However, in vegetative cells with dichotomous growth, the L/W ratio shows clear differences depending on their growth stage. It has been demonstrated that the L/W ratio could be used as an indicator to indirectly predict the growth stage of on-sit Anabaena samples.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.617-625
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• 2018

Phishing website has become a crucial concern in cyber security applications. It is performed by fraudulently deceiving users with the aim of obtaining their sensitive information such as bank account information, credit card, username, and password. The threat has led to huge losses to online retailers, e-business platform, financial institutions, and to name but a few. One way to build anti-phishing detection mechanism is to construct classification algorithm based on machine learning techniques. The objective of this paper is to compare different classifier ensemble approaches, i.e. random forest, rotation forest, gradient boosted machine, and extreme gradient boosting against single classifiers, i.e. decision tree, classification and regression tree, and credal decision tree in the case of website phishing. Area under ROC curve (AUC) is employed as a performance metric, whilst statistical tests are used as baseline indicator of significance evaluation among classifiers. The paper contributes the existing literature on making a benchmark of classifier ensembles for web phishing detection.