• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2002

Purpose: This descriptive study was designed to investigate Body Mass Index(BMI), weight control behavior, and self-esteem in high school adolescents. Method: The convenience sample consisted of 129 high school females and 106 high school males. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from November to December, 1999. BMI was calculated by using the subject's self-reported body weight and height to identify objective obesity. Self evaluation about subjective obesity was measured by a single item question. Preferred BMI was calculated by using the subject's elf-reported body weight and height which the subjects desired. The Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale was utilized to measure the level of self-esteem. Results: Results of the study revealed that high school females perceived themselves as more more obese than their the actual BMI, excessively participated in dieting behavior and exercises, and reported lower self-esteem than that of males. Conclusion: Based on this study, health care providers need to educate female adolescents about healthy behavior as well as the normal weight range in BMI.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제3권3_4호
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• pp.180-187
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• 2000

Reproductive effort and spawning frequency of the two palaemonid prawns, Exopalaemon modestus and Palaemon gravieri, were investigated. In both embryos of the two species, egg size was larger in E. modestus than in P. gravien but for a given size, number of eggs (EN) was fewer in E. modestus. The statistical results revealed that there were significant differences in egg size and EN between the two species. E. modestus living in freshwater environments had larger and fewer offspring than P. gravieri inhabiting marine environments. These findings are consistent with predictions from r- and K-selections models. Reproductive effort (RE) also was higher in E. modestus, suggesting the possibility for E. modestus to invest larger amount of energy per individual offspring. In the two prawns the ovarian dry weight of females with eyed eggs was significantly higher than those with non-eyed eggs. This indicates that the ovarian maturation occurs during the period between the two embryonic stages, suggesting females being potentially of continuous breeding within a single reproductive period. In the both species brood loss did not occur during the incubation period.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.308-313
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• 2010

Objectives : The weekly variation of ischemic stroke incidence according to the age and sex. Methods : 977 consecutively admitted patients (521 males and 456 females) in a single stroke center from 2006 to 2008. All cases were confirmed with standardized criteria. We used the independent t-test and $x^2$ test in statistical methods. Results : The results demonstrated significant weekly variations of ischemic stroke incidence showing higher incidence on Saturday, Monday and Tuesday and lower incidence on the other days. Difference of ischemic stroke incidence was also shown between transit days, which included the transit days from the weekend to the week and vice versa, and non-transit days. Those aged older than 60 years and females showed more significant differences of weekly variation on transit days than on non-transit days. Conclusions : Ischemic stroke incidence has significant weekly variation, and transit days have higher incidence than non-transit days. Further study is required to identify the general weekly variation by multi-center trial.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.25-37
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of daycare teachers' demographic variables and multicultural variables upon their perception of multicultural families. Daycare teachers' multicultural variables consist of their multicultural family-related education, their perception of single-races and multi-races persons, their acceptance of familial diversity, their cultural capability and the efficacy of multicultural teaching. In conclusion, the study findings show that the multicultural variables seem to have an influence upon teachers' perception of multicultural families. Since the teachers' perception of the multicultural family is important for the shaping of relations between teachers and children from multicultural families and between teachers and females of transnational marriage, the importance of teachers' perceptions of multicultural related variables must be recognized. Therefore, it seems to be necessary to help children from multicultural families improve their adaptability to daycare facilities and for females of transnational marriage to form mutual, cooperative relations with teachers.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.357-363
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• 2019

To the basic information of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of cerebral aneurysm treated with coil embolization, and to identify the general trend of treatment through classification according to hospitalization route, residence distribution, location and size of cerebral aneurysm, and procedure. A total of 164 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms treated with coil embolization were 54(32.9%) males and 110(67.1%) females. The sex and frequency of occurrence by age group were the most in 50s(31.3%), and among them, females were the most. The hospitalization route was the most common in 122(74.4%) people who were admitted to the emergency room through 119 evacuation, 79(48.2%) patients lived in where hospitals belong to the hospital. The season had 23(14%) in December, 18(11%) in January, 15(9.1%) in February, and the anterior circulation was 153(93%). The largest size was 5-7 mm found in 63(38.4%) patients. Patients underwent initial coil embolization for subarachnoid hemorrhage due to cerebral aneurysm rupture treated more patients than the incidence of the population. As a result of cerebral aneurysm rupture was seasonally affected, and winter occurs more frequently, female than male, age 50 is most common, and ruptured cerebral aneurysm is 5-7 mm in size.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2020

Background: We have devised a novel surgical method, termed as temporalis muscle tendonperiosteum (T-P) compound surgical method, by modifying pre-existing techniques. Our method is characterized by elevation of temporalis muscle tendon and the periosteum of the mandibular ramus as a single compound. Here, we describe the concept and clinical outcomes of our method. Methods: We conducted both a cadaveric study and a clinical study. First, we used four human cadavers (two males and two females) to confirm the anatomy of the temporalis muscle tendon and availability of sufficient length extension through the elevation of the T-P compound. Moreover, we obtained measurements of the mouth angle and the philtrum angle from a total of six patients (two males and four females) and compared them between preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: The mean length of the periosteal portion was measured as 2.43± 0.15 cm (range, 2.2-2.6 cm). There was an improvement in the mouth angle postoperatively as compared with preoperatively (7.2°± 3.0° vs. 14.5°± 4.7°, respectively). Moreover, there was also an improvement in the philtrum angle postoperatively as compared with preoperatively (7.2°± 3.4° vs. 17.2°± 6.5°, respectively). Conclusion: Our method is a simple, minimally-invasive modality that is effective in achieving good clinical outcomes. Its advantages include an ability to achieve a firm extension of the temporalis muscle tendon as well as a lack of requirement for a donor site that may cause complications.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.263-271
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• 2012

암컷의 배우자 선택은 여러 수컷들이 가지고 있는 다양한 특성에서 각기 다른 종류의 정보를 수집, 종합하여 가장 최적의 개체를 배우자로 결정하는 매우 복잡한 행동이다. 본 연구에서는 순차적인 교배 시스템($4{\times}4$ block breeding)을 이용하여 각시붕어(Rhodeus uyekii) 암컷의 배우자 선택방식을 조사하였고, 가중과 비가중 유전적 이득의 상대적 기여도를 추정해 보고자 하였다. 실험장치 내에서 총 48회의 암, 수간 배우자 상호작용이 관찰되었고, 암컷은 일반적으로 카로티노이드 혼인색 발현이 강한 수컷들을 배우자로 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 배우자 선호 정도가 개체에 따라 차이가 나타나므로, 비가중적 요소도 암컷이 배우자를 선택하는데 있어 기여를 할 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1992

미꾸라지 양식시 기본 요건인 종묘의 안정적 공급을 위하여 호르몬 처리에 의한 산란 유도와 연중 다산란 유도 가능성을 조사하였다. 미꾸라지는 어체중 g당 $2\~10$ IU 농도의 태반성 성선자극 호르몬(HCG) 1회 주사로 $23.1\~100{\%}$ 산란이 유발되었으며, 특히 6 IU/g의 농도 이상에서는 모든 실험어가 산란하였다. 호르몬 주사 후 산란까지 대개 $13\~25$시간이 소요되었고 HCG농도 증가에 따른 수정율, 부화율 및 위생식소 숙도지수의 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. 어체중 증가에 따라 포란수도 증가하여 어체중 g당 평균 약 $500\~600$의 난을 산란하는 것으로 나타났다. 다산란 유도를 위해 $25^{\circ}C$ 조건하에서 사육하면서 첫 산란 후 사육 일수에 따른 비만도, 간 숙도지수 및 생식소 숙도지수를 조사하고 이를 토대로 재산란을 유도한 결과 미꾸라지 암컷은 최초 산란 후 40 일이 경과하면 양질의 난을 재산란하는 것으로 나타났다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the immediate effects of electromyography (EMG) biofeedback training of the gluteus medius on dynamic balance during single leg squats in healthy individuals. Methods: The sample size in this study was estimated using the G-power program at an effect size of 0.4, a significance level (α) of 0.05, and a testing power of 0.90. In addition, as a result of considering the 10% dropout rate, this study recruited 21 healthy individuals (8 males and 13 females). All subjects measured the Y-balance test-lower quarter (YBT-LQ) and limits of stability (LOS) before and after a single leg squat (SLS) and SLS with EMG biofeedback training of the gluteus medius (SLSEB). They were trained for 10 minutes for each exercise, and two dynamic balance tests were performed three times. Results: There was a significant difference in the YBT-LQ score between the two exercises (p < 0.05). In the YBT-LQ score, there was a significant difference before and after SLS and SLSEB (p < 0.05). SLSEB showed a significantly higher YBT-LQ score than SLS (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in LOM between the two exercises (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two exercises. Conclusion: A single-leg squat with EMG biofeedback exercises is an effective method to improve dynamic balance, such as the YBT-LQ.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2007

Objectives : Schizophrenia is equally distributed in both sexes. However, later-onset, milder psychopathology, and better outcome are associated with the females. This reason is thought to be partly due to the estrogen system. Recently, it was suggested that estrogen receptor 1(ESR1) gene polymorphisms might affect the expression of ESR1 and were associated with several psychiatric disorders. Thus, we investigated the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in the ESR1 gene and Korean schizophrenic patients in this study. Methods : Genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies of the two SNPs(rs 2234693 and rs 2228480) were analyzed between 218 Korean controls and 158 Korean schizophrenic patients. Also, age of onset and negative symptom scale scores according to genotypes were analyzed in the patients with schizophrenia. Results : There was a significant difference in allele frequencies of rs 2234693 between the schizophrenic patients and the controls(p=0.03). Genotype distributions(p=0.03) and allele frequencies(p=0.01) of rs 2234693 were significantly different between the female schizophrenic patients and the female controls. The frequency of TC-CC genotypes compared with TT genotype in the female schizophrenic patients was significantly higher than that in the female controls(OR=2.36). The mean age of onset in the schizophrenic patients with TC-CC genotypes was significantly lower than that in the patients with TT genotype. The frequency of rs 2234693C- rs 2228480G haplotype in the female schizophrenic patients was relatively higher than that in the female controls. Conclusions : These results of our study support the possibility that the ESR1 gene polymorphisms might be involved in the susceptibility of females to schizophrenia and play a role in sex difference of schizophrenia.