• 제목/요약/키워드: Single Mother's

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에센셜 오일을 적용한 분만간호가 초산부의 분만 스트레스 반응, 분만 중 불안 및 산후 상태불안에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Delivery Nursing Care using Essential Oils on Delivery Stress Response, Anxiety during Labor, and Postpartum Status Anxiety)

  • 허명행;정남연;윤혜성;이미경;송영신
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제35권7호
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    • pp.1277-1284
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    • 2005
  • Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effect of delivery nursing care using essential oils on labor stress response, labor anxiety and postpartum status anxiety for primipara. Methods: This study used nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this experiment consisted of forty eight primipara with single gestation, full term, & uncomplicated pregnancies. Twenty four primipra were in the experimental and control group each. Their mean age was 27.9 years old, their mean gestation period 279.9 days. As a treatment, delivery nursing care using essential oils was applied by nurses. Data collected epinephrine, norepinephrine, anxiety during labor. In the 24 hours after birth, the data for the postpartum mother's status anxiety was collected. Data was analyzed by t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, & Wilcoxon signed ranks test with SPSS Program. Results : Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine were significantly low in the experimental group (P=0.001, P=0.033, respectively). There was no significant difference between the two groups in anxiety during labor and postpartum mother's status anxiety. Conclusion : These findings indicate that delivery nursing care using essential oils could be effective in decreasing plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine. But, that could not be verified in decreasing mother's anxiety.

니키 드 생 팔의 트라우마를 통해 살펴본 아상블라주와 사격회화의 양면적 특성 (A Study on the Ambivalent Characteristic Displayed in Niki de Saint Phalle's Assemblages and Shooting Paintings by Looking Into Her Trauma)

  • 유가은
    • 미술이론과 현장
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    • 제6호
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    • pp.77-99
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to show that the reason behind the ambivalent characteristic displayed in Niki de Saint Phalle's works is in her trauma and how such characteristic can be extracted from her works. During her creative years, Saint Phalle worked on various materials from different genres such as assemblages, shooting paintings, a series on Bride and Monster, 'Nana', 'Tarot Garden'and public sculptures. One commonality found among her various works is the ambivalent characteristic that contains contrasting elements simultaneously. Saint Phalle suffered a terrible psychological damage inflicted by her parents during her childhood. Specifically, she was sexually assaulted by her father and emotionally neglected by her mother, the trauma that affected her for the rest of her life. As a result, she came to develop extreme love- hate relationships with her parents and this became the main reason for the ambivalent characteristic displayed in her works. The love-hate relationship Saint Phalle developed can be identified through various researches done on the subject of the affect of sexual assault. It is common for incest victims to develop ambivalent feelings towards the perpetrator and Saint Phalle was no exception. Dissociation disorder and a snake well explain the trauma from her father. It is a generally accepted belief in the field of psychology that dissociation disorder commonly occurs to children who experience incest. And dissociation disorder is similar to the characteristic of ambivalence in the sense that a single entity contains more than two contrasting elements at the same time. In addition, the amputated doll objects used in her assemblages coincide with the expression of body detachment of people with dissociation disorder. These facts clearly indicate that the trauma from her father is showing through in her works. A snake is a subject matter that reflects the ambivalent tendency of Saint Phalle that resulted from her trauma. She remembers her father's rape as an image of a snake which is related to a phallic symbol in mythology or art reflecting her trauma. Moreover, she displays a similar pattern of ambivalent emotion like love and hate or fear towards a snake and her father. This is also confirmed by her portrayal of a snake as a monster or reversely as a creature with fundamental vitality in her works. The lack of affection from her mother can be explained by her mother's maternal deprivation. It appears that Saint Phalle's mother possessed all the causes for maternal deprivation such as maternal separation, personality disorder and inappropriate attitude towards child rearing. Especially, a study that shows mother's negative attitude towards child breeding tends to increase dissociation experience of children is another important evidence that supports Saint Phalle's dissociation tendency. These traces of Saint Phalle's trauma are clearly revealed in her assemblages and shooting paintings. The violent objects in her assemblages such as a hammer, razor, nail represent the rage and defensiveness towards her father. The objects such as fragments of broken plates of feminine patterns, pots and mirrors that her mother used symbolize the affection towards her mother. On the other hand, the destructed objects can be interpreted as her hate and resentment towards her mother. Shooting paintings contain her extreme fury and hate. Things such as acts of shooting and the image associated with blood after shooting are blunt expressions of her bursts of emotions. I have tried to define and classify the ambivalent characteristics shown in her assemblages and shooting paintings as hate, rage, violence, calm, love and pleasure according to the frame of Thanatos and Eros. Out of the six, hate, rage, violence and clam are associated with Thanatos while love and pleasure are associated with Eros and they correspondingly form an ambivalent structure. These ambivalent characteristics can be found in her assemblages and shooting paintings. The objects in her assemblages such as a razor, saw, hammer imply hate, rage, violence and the silence felt throughout her works represent calmness. And, as mentioned, the feminine objects can be seen as symbolizing love. In shooting paintings, hate, rage, violence can be found in the use of force and in the traces of watercolor after shooting, and a sense of pleasure in her feelings of catharsis after her shooting. Moreover, a shielded calmness can be found on the plywood all covered with plaster before the shooting. This study looked into the ambivalent characteristic of Saint Phalle's works by examining her trauma to find its correlation, and a meaning of this study can be found from the fact that it refocused the origin of Saint Phalle who is generally known as a feminist artist. Additionally, a meaning of the study can be found also from the fact that it examined the ambivalent characteristics of her works through a frame of Thanatos and Eros.

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한국의 '정(情)'과 일본의 '아마에(甘え)'에 대한 인지적 고찰 (A Cognitive Study on Jeong in Korean and Amae in Japanese)

  • 김명희
    • 비교문화연구
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    • 제27권
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    • pp.471-496
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    • 2012
  • Since Takeo Toi's discussion in The Anatomy of Dependence (1973), the concept of amae has generated considerable interest in the fields of psychology, anthropology, communication and other fields. However, there have been few agreements on the definition and functions of amae (Behrens, 2004). Furthermore, it has rarely drawn interest from linguists in general and has rarely been discussed in the context of social interaction. This study aims to examine the concept of amae in Japanese and the corresponding phenomena in Korean, and attempts to explore the similarities and differences between them. The prototype of the amae relationship is the mother-infant relationship (Doi,1973). Even an adult can assume the role of a baby, showing his or her need for dependence on others and expecting to be accepted. It turns out that amae-like phenomena frequently occur in everyday life in Korea as well (Lee, 1982). There is no single term for the concept, but it can be translated in many different ways in Korean, for example, aykyo, ayang, ungsek, erikwang, etc. It can have either positive or negative connotations depending on the situation. It seems that the psychological system that causes dependent behaviors such as ungsek in Korea is cheong, one of the key terms characterizing the Korean culture. Cheong, like amae, starts in the mother-infant relationship extending to familial and to other relationships. A corpus-based analysis shows that cheong is conceptualized as gluing people together, growing over time, and also potentially fatal because it assumes illogical, uncalculated, and personal relationships. In conclusion, unlike some Japanese scholars' claim that amae is the Japanese concept that exists only in Japan, it seems that similar phenomena do exist in Korea as well, but that Korean has no single term corresponding to amae in Japanese. It seems that cheong can be posited in Korean as the inner emotional system that makes amae-like behaviors possible, and that there is not single term, but many, designating the behaviors, possibly because the behaviors have a negative connotation and are not encouraged in Korean society.

여성 한부모의 자립 경험과 강점 자원에 대한 연구 : 사별, 이혼, 미혼모 가족 비교를 중심으로 (A Study on experiences of self-reliance and strengths of single mothers: A comparative study of widowed, divorced and unmarried single mother families)

  • 김지혜;김희주
    • 사회복지연구
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.159-193
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 한부모 가족 발생 유형, 즉 사별, 이혼, 미혼 한부모의 삶의 어려움과 이를 극복하고 자립하는 과정, 자립의 과정에서 작용하는 강점을 비교 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 강점은 강점관점의 틀을 중심으로 개인, 환경적, 삶의 요소 차원으로 분석하였다. 세 유형의 한부모 가족의 자립 경험, 강점 자원의 공통점과 차이점을 살펴봄으로써, 자립에 도움이 될 수 있는 보편적 제반 조건들을 파악함과 동시에 각 유형의 독특성을 확인하는데 의의가 있다. 이를 위해 사별 4사례, 이혼 8사례, 미혼모 8사례로 총 20사례를 심층 면접하였다. 연구 결과, 세 유형 모두에게 자립은 하나의 완결된 사건이 아니며, 엄마로서 주어진 책임을 다하기 위하여 그 힘을 갖추어나가는 과정으로서의 자립을 의미하였다. 힘을 갖추는 것은 경제적 자립을 위한 힘을 갖는 것뿐 아니라 자신의 삶에 대한 수용, 통제감 갖기, 자기 개발을 통해 역량강화되며 심리사회적 힘을 갖는 것을 의미하였다. 이들의 자립 경험과 강점 분석을 통해 자립 과정에 중요한 공통 자원과 경험의 독특성, 차이점 등을 확인 할 수 있었다. 연구결과를 토대로 한부모 가족을 위한 서비스 전달체계의 기능과 제도적 지원에 대한 실천적 정책적 함의를 제시하였다.

한부모가족의 복지 지원체계로서의 가상공동체 활용에 관한 기초 연구 - 웹사이트 활용을 중심으로 - (A Study on Practical Use of Cyber Community as Welfare Support System for Single-Parent Family - Focused on Practical Using Websites-)

  • 강기정;이무영;김영희
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제40권10호
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    • pp.141-159
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study is to find plan of practical using websites as welfare support system for present single-parent family practically. The subject websites were chosen by search in twice using Yahoo(http://www.yahoo.co.kr),Naver(http://www.naver.com).Empas(http://www.empas.com). The first search was accomplished by reference to these websites from the eighth of December to the twelfth of December in 2001. With the use of key words‘widowed mother & widower’,‘divorce’,‘single parent’,‘single-parent home’,‘single-parent family’. The second search was conducted on March 27, 2001. Finally 10 websites were selected. Chosen websites were analysed by structural element measure and structural technique measure of the contents. The following are summary of results and conclusion of this study. First, counsel program, self-help group, legal advice of the legal system and legal question area in the field of psychology·emotion·health problem of subject websites satisfied desire of single-parent family comparatively. Second, subject websites were classified into two types which are after the assessment of contents and structural technique of subject websites, a imaginary site was designed to solve the problem of single-parent family and to support single-parent family by means of prior research. Putting the result mentioned above together, As a step to solve the problem of single-parent family, to use practically website as a place single-parent family can be provided what the country and community cannot offer. It was accomplished by expanding self-help group extremely through the connection with ground to acquire strategy of dealing with single-parent family's desire and problem, volunteer supports and specialists.

미혼모의 응급피임약에 대한 지식과 태도 (Unmarried Mother's Knowledge and Attitudes toward Emergency Contraceptive Pills)

  • 이경미;고효정;김혜영
    • 여성건강간호학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.99-107
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to identify relationships among knowledge and attitudes of unmarried mothers toward emergency contraceptive pills. Methods: Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 135 unmarried mothers enrolled in 7 single mothers' facilities nationwide. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe-test, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: For knowledge about emergency contraceptive pills, there were significant differences among who live with her before pregnancy, experience of past pregnancies, state of present pregnancy and preparation in using contraceptives. For attitude toward emergency contraceptive pills, there were significant differences according to age, education level and religion. There were significant positive relationships between knowledge and attitudes toward emergency contraceptive pills. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that unmarried women should be better informed about emergency contraceptive pills, and reassured about their safety. Efforts are needed to disseminate up-to-date information to experts in sex education including nurses.

어머니가 보고한 부부갈등과 유아의 행동조절 및 정서조절 관계에서 애정-거부적 양육행동의 매개효과 (The mediation Effects of Affection-Rejection Parenting in The relationships between Mothers' report of Marital conflicts and Preschoolers' behavioral and emotional control)

  • 민하영
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제28권5호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2010
  • This study investigates the mediation effects of affection-rejection parenting in the relationships between reports by mothers in regards to marital conflicts and the behavior and emotional control of preschoolers. The participants were 311 preschoolers and their mothers. A total of 311 preschoolers attended kindergartens or day care centers in Daegu or Gyeongbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, single and hierarchical multiple regressions, using SPSS Win 15.0. The results are as follows. (1) Mothers' marital conflicts exerted indirect effects on preschoolers' behavioral control mediated by affection parenting. (2) Mothers' marital conflicts exerted indirect effects on preschoolers' behavioral control mediated by rejection parenting. (3) Mothers' marital conflicts partly exerted indirect effects on preschoolers' emotional control mediated by affection parenting. (4) Mothers' marital conflicts partly exerted indirect effects on preschoolers' emotional control mediated by rejection parenting.

여성들의 임신관에 대한 현상학적 연구 (Women s View to Pregnancy)

  • 조주연;이미라
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.5-14
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this study is to find the Korean women's view to pregnancy within the Korean cultural context, to help nurses understand psychosocioemotional schema of the pregnant women, and to contribute to theory-building on the meaning of pregnancy. The interviewees were 21 women in their twenties or thirties and they were selected by theoretical sampling technique. Thirteen women of the interviewees were single and others married. Data were collected by in-depth interviews from September November in 1994. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed by Van Kaam's phenomenological method. Results were as follows. Eighty two descriptive expression were found and they were grouped under fourteen common factors. These are 「to maintain family」, 「instinct」, 「obligation」, 「what one should do」, 「to make home」, 「to tie couple firmly」, 「means to overcome a period of lassitude」, 「token of love」, 「hope」, 「to avoid loneliness」, 「wanted to have a baby」, 「to provide for old ages」, 「to be a mother」, 「to achieve her desire through baby」. Finally, fourteen common factors were grouped under four higher categories. Five common factors, 「to maintain family」, 「instinct」, 「obligation」, 「what one should do」, 「to make home」 were grouped under〈custom〉. Three factors, 「to tie couple firmly」, 「means to overcome a period of lassitude」, 「token of love」 were grouped under 〈love between couple〉. Four factors, 「hope」, 「to avoid loneliness」, 「wanted to have a baby」, 「to provide for old ages」 were grouped under 〈pursuiting safety〉. Two factors, 「to be a mother」, 「to achieve her desire through baby」 were grouped under 〈self-fulfillment〉. At present, the most distinguishing motivation of childbearing was rooted in the cultural custom. Korean women thought that it was their duties to have children and children were necessary in life. But they were beginning to recognize that baby could tie couple more firmly and get rid of their loneliness. Korean women no longer considered their children as the one who would take care of them when they were old or who would satisfy their unmet needs. As pregnancy is not women's duty only, authors recommend further studies on men's view to pregnancy.

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노인부양행위의 결정요인 II : 인과모형 개발 (Determinants of Housewives' Caregiving Behavior to Elderly Parents-in-Law (II) : Development of a Causal Model)

  • 김상욱
    • 한국사회복지학
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    • 제38권
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    • pp.33-67
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    • 1999
  • This study is the second phase of the author's larger attempt to investigate the factors affecting housewives' caregiving behavior to their elderly parents-in-law. Specifically, it revises and expands the previous model (1998) and develops a new one by rectifying the three major problems inherent in the previous study: (1) misspecification error; (2) non-equivalent comparison of results between the father-in-law model and mother-in-law model that stems from the inclusion of heterogeneous group of caregivers; (3) measurement problems for the two endogenous variables of eldercare attitude and behavior. To do this, the current study proposes a more comprehensive model by additionally incorporating other salient exogenous variables, renders the comparison of results between the father-in-law and mother-in-law models equivalent by including only homogeneous group of caregivers (i. e., only those housewives whose parents-in-law are both alive), and introduces standardized measurement scales for the endogenous variables. Estimation of the model in terms of maximum likelihood procedures in LISREL8 attests to a better overall performance over the previous model when judged from several criteria such as coefficient of determination, model fit statistics, proportion of significant causal paths, and measurement properties of reliability and validity for the variables. Interpretation of the findings suggests several salient theoretical implications that concern such crucial issues as the inconsistency between eldercare attitude and behavior, patterns of association among the subdimensions of eldercare, and the difference in the antecedents explaining attitude as opposed to behavior of eldercare. In particular, the finding that indicates almost no differences in the determinants between the father-in-law and mother-in-law models suggests a strong case to argue that caregiving behavior to fathers-in-law and mothers-in-law, respectively, is likely to be a uniform phenomenon sharing virtual1y the same antecedents, and that a unified single model is sufficient to account for caregiving behavior to both parties.

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SNP-Based Fetal DNA Detection in Maternal Serum Using the HID-Ion AmpliSeqTM Identity Panel

  • Cho, Sohee;Lee, Ji Hyun;Kim, Chong Jai;Kim, Moon Young;Kim, Kun Woo;Hwang, Doyeong;Lee, Soong Deok
    • The Korean Journal of Legal Medicine
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    • 제41권2호
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    • pp.41-45
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    • 2017
  • Fetal DNA (fDNA) detection in maternal serum is a challenge due to low copy number and the smaller size of fDNA fragments compared to DNA fragments derived from the mother. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) is a useful technique for fetal genetic analysis that is able to detect and quantify small amounts of DNA. In this study, seven clinical samples of maternal serum potentially containing fDNA were analyzed with a commercial single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panel, the HID-Ion $AmpliSeq^{TM}$ Identity Panel, and the results were compared to those from previous studies. Reference profiles for mothers and fetuses were not available, but multiple Y chromosomal SNPs were detected in two samples, indicating that fDNA was present in the serum and thereby validating observations of autosomal SNPs. This suggests that SNP-based MPS can be valuable for fDNA detection, thereby offering an insight into fetal genetic status. This technology could also be used to detect small amounts of DNA in mixed DNA samples for forensic applications.