• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.361-362
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• 2007

We propose a contrast-controlled feature detection approach for steel radiograph image. X-ray images are low contrast, dark and high noise image. So, It is not simple to detect defects directly in automated radiography inspection system. Contrast enhancement, histogram equalization and median filter are the most frequently used techniques to enhance the X-ray images. In this paper, the adaptive control method based on contrast limited histogram equalization is compared with several histogram techniques. Through comparative analysis, CLAHE(contrast controlled adaptive histogram equalization) can enhance detection of defects better.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1388-1390
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• 2013

Macroporous $SnO_2$ foam was successfully synthesized via a simple soft-chemical route by hybridization between alkylamine and tin(IV) oxide. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the as-prepared $SnO_2$ foam had a highly ordered lamella structure along the crystallographic c-axis, which transformed to a rutile phase after thermal treatment at $300^{\circ}C$. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Sn K-edge revealed that $SnO_2$ particles in the hybrid material maintained their nanosized structure after hybridization with alkylamine. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images clearly showed that the as-prepared $SnO_2$ foam had a macroporous structure. This synthetic route can be extended to the development of open frameworks with good electrochemical properties in battery applications.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.528-533
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• 2012

Objective : In the pediatric population the skull has not yet undergone ossification and it is assumed that the diagnostic rate of skull fractures by simple X-rays are lower than that of adults. It has been recently proposed that the diagnostic rates of skull fractures by 3-dimensional computer tomography (3D-CT) are higher than simple X-rays. The authors therefore attempted to compare the diagnostic rates of pediatric skull fractures by simple X-rays and 3D-CTs with respect to the type of fracture. Methods : One-hundred patients aged less than 12 years who visited the Emergency Center for cranial injury were subject to simple X-rays and 3D-CTs. The type and location of the fractures were compared and Kappa statistical analysis and the t-test were conducted. Results : Among the 100 pediatric patients, 65 were male and 35 were female. The mean age was $50{\pm}45$ months. 63 patients had simple skull fractures and 22 had complex fractures, and the types of fractures were linear fractures in 74, diastatic fractures 15, depressed fractures in 10, penetrating fracture in 1, and greenstick fractures in 3 patients. Statistical difference was observed for the predictive value of simple skull fractures' diagnostic rate depending on the method for diagnosis. A significant difference of the Kappa value was noted in the diagnosis of depressed skull fractures and diastatic skull fractures. Conclusion : In the majority of pediatric skull fractures, 3D-CT showed superior diagnosis rates compared to simple skull X-rays and therefore 3D-CT is recommended whenever skull fractures are suspected. This is especially true for depressed skull fractures and diastatic skull fractures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.402.2-402.2
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• 2016

In photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) compound has attracted intense attention as a photocathode due to not only large optical absorption coefficient, but also earth-abundance of constituent elements and suitable band alignment. With rapid development of nanotechnology, one-dimensional nanostructures of CZTS have been investigated as a potential form to achieve high efficiency because the nanostructures are expected to be capable of capturing more light and enhancing charge separation and transport. Here, we report a well-controlled fabrication route for vertically-aligned CZTS nanorod arrays on anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) template via simple sol-gel process followed by deposition of ZnS or CdS buffer layers on the CZTS nanorod to enhance charge separation. The structure, morphology, composition, optical absorption, and PEC properties of the resulting CZTS nanorod samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-37
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• 2008

Pneumosinus Dilatans consists of an abnormal dilatation of the paranasal sinuses which contain air only and lined by normal mucosa. It is a rare condition, the etiology of which is unclear. A 16 year old male complained frontal bossing which developed slowly. Simple X-ray and CT showed abnormal distension of frontal sinus. Another 19 year old male complained slowly growing left cheek mass. Simple X-ray and CT showed abnormal distension of anteromedial wall of maxillary sinus. In view of the cosmetic appearance, operations were performed. Distended sinuses walls were removed and reconstructed using $Medpore^{(R)}$. I report 2 cases of pneumosinus dilatans which developed in frontal and maxillary sinuses and the literature reviewed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.123-127
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• 2012

A facile and simple procedure for the synthesis of novel and known calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives were developed via a reaction of arylaldehydes with resorcinol in the presence of catalytic amounts of tungstate sulfuric acid (TSA) under solvent-free conditions. This eco-friendly method has many appealing attributes, such as excellent yields, short reactions times, use of safe and recoverable catalyst, and simple work-up procedures. TSA was characterized by powdered X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and FTIR spectroscopy.

• Journal of The Korean Radiological Technologist Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2001

This study was performed to measure about exposure dose during simple abdomen x-ray Radiography. The exposure dose was measured by PDD, surface dose, percentage scatter dose, respectively. The result was as followed: 1. When tube voltage were increased wi

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.397-402
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• 2018

The study best image for diagnosis of fracture, dislocation and unilateral degenerative arthritis of the Sacroiliac joint, this study was performed to obtain the best image of the joint space of the hip joint by giving angle change to the pelvis phantom and the x-ray tube. I received evaluation. The results of the Receiver Operating Characteristic that in the case of simple photographs for the detection of joint arthritis and degenerative arthritis in the prone position, the photograph taken in the prone position raises the buttocks of the opposite side of the test by $25^{\circ}{\sim}30^{\circ}$ and the x-ray tube is perpendicular to the sagittal plane passing 2.5 cm inward from the thorny vertebra In the lying position, lift the Sacroiliac joint of the test side by $25^{\circ}{\sim}30^{\circ}$, and take a $5^{\circ}$ angle of the x-ray tube angle toward the foot toward the center of the upper bruch spine from it will be helpful to diagnose arthritis. the center of the upper bruch spine to the side of the ankle joints in the transverse direction And posterior direction, it will be helpful to diagnose arthritis.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2008

Purpose: As the demand of a simple and precise method increases to evaluate the performance of the inverter type x-ray unit, we evaluated the usefulness of the recently-introduced X-ray Multi-Function Test Device (moldel : Xi (unfors)-prestige). Method: We compared the performance of X-ray Multi-Function Test Device (XMFTD) which is non-inveasive type device with the performance of Dynalyzer III that has been most widely used inveasive type measure device. Result: X-ray output dose was increased a little in the XMFTD, but both devices were below the performance evaluation standard, 0.002 in the output reproducibility. Linearity of XMFTD were below 0.1 which means that Dynalyzer III showed more excellency in linearity. As the the accuracy of exposure factor, 1.8 and 2 tube voltage, 2.01 and 2.3 tube current were measured. The exposure time was also measured by 0.01 sec ${\pm}10%$. Both devices were within the acceptance of performance evaluatioin standard. Conclusion: We proved the usefulness of X-ray Multi-Function Test Device (model: Xi (unfors)-prestige) to evaluated the performance on reproductibility and linearity of X-ray output and accuracy of exposure factor of inverter type unit.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2001

Objective: The purpose of this report is to prove the clinical effect of Platycodon grandiflorum aqueous extract on pneumoniae patients. Methods: We used the aqueous extract of Platycodon grandiflorum to treat two pneumoniae patients. It was injected into five acupuncture points, which was Chondol(天突:CV22) 1 point, Pyesu(肺兪 : BL13) 2 point, and Kworumsu(厥陰兪: BL14) 2 point. Results & conclusions: We have used the aqueous extract of 24-year-old JK for treating the patients suffering from lung diseases, and have experienced the actual effects. Of the treated, two pneumonia-involved patients showed apparent improvement in simple chest X-ray and clinical symptoms. The patients were treated with JK (Jang-saeng platycodon) aqueous extract 25 and 22 times individually. The results were as follows. 1. The symptoms including coughing, phlegm, and fever were improved in two cases. 2. The lung infiltration in simple chest X-ray decreased and the WBC count was kept within normal range in two cases. 3. Side effect such as itching was not found in the process of JK aqueous extract treatment. 4. The criteria for pneumonia are fever, coughing with purulent phlegm, pleural chest pain, the evidence of new infiltration in simple chest X-ray, sign of lung sclerosis in auscultation, increase of WBC count, etc. But they may not be the proper objective diagnostic standards. So we had trouble in statistic process and numerical interpretation. Putting these results together, the JK aqueous extract is considered to be effective in treating patients for pneumonia, and the continuous research and accumulation of data is needed.