• 한국가금학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effents of feeding single or combined probiltics on performance and intestinal micreflora of broiler chicks for five weeks. Diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 21.50, 19% CP and 3,100, 3,150kcal/kg ME for starting and finishing period, respectively. Lactobacillus salvarius isolated from chicks intestine(LSC), Lactobacillus salvarius isolated from piglet(LSP), Bacillus polyfermenticus(BP) were fed with alone and mixed ones at the level of 0.21 and 0.1% in experiment 1 and 2, respectively. Three hundred eighty four chicks were randomly assigned to eight treatments with four replicates of 12 chicks each per treatment. Weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio(FCR) were weekly measured for 5 weeks. The number of intestinal micreflora was examined at the end of experiment. In both experiments, weight gain of chicks fed probiltics tended to be similar or higher than control, but was not in LSC+LSP treatment. Feed intake was not consistent among treatments. In experiment 1, FCR of chicks fed LSC alone was the lowest of all treatments, whereas it was significantly higher in LSC+LSP treatments than control(P〈0.05). In experiment 2, LSP supplemental groups tended to increase FCR compared to the control. The number of ileal E. coli was the lowest in LSP alone treatment of experiment 1, whereas cecal E. coli was higher concentration in probiotics supplemental groups than control. Total Lactobacillus of chicks fed probiotics was decreased in ileum, but was no consestency in cecum. In experiment 2, ileal total yeast tended to be higher in probiotics supplemental groups except LSP alone supplement than control. Total Lactobacillus of chicks fed LSC or LSP alone treatments was significantly higher than control(P〈0.05).

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.558-566
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• 2017

Regular monitoring on experimental animal management found the fluctuation of ART outcome, which showed a necessity to explore whether superovulation treatment is responsible for such unexpected outcome. This study was subsequently conducted to examine whether superovulation treatment can preserve ultrastructural integrity and developmental competence of oocytes following oocyte activation and embryo culture. A randomized study using mouse model was designed and in vitro development (experiment 1), ultrastructural morphology (experiment 2) and functional integrity of the oocytes (experiment 3) retrieved after PMSG/hCG injection (superovulation group) or not (natural ovulation; control group) were evaluated. In experiment 1, more oocytes were retrieved following superovulation than following natural ovulation, but natural ovulation yielded higher (p < 0.0563) maturation rate than superovulation. The capacity of mature oocytes to form pronucleus and to develop into blastocysts in vitro was similar. In experiment 2, a notable (p < 0.0186) increase in mitochondrial deformity, characterized by the formation of vacuolated mitochondria, was detected in the superovulation group. Multivesicular body formation was also increased, whereas early endosome formation was significantly decreased. No obvious changes in other microorganelles, however, were detected, which included the formation and distribution of mitochondria, cortical granules, microvilli, and smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. In experiment 3, significant decreases in mitochondrial activity, ATP production and dextran uptake were detected in the superovulation group. In conclusion, superovulation treatment may change both maturational status and functional and ultrastuctural integrity of oocytes. Superovulation effect on preimplantation development can be discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.101-114
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• 2014

While there are persistent rumors that the consumption of goat meat dishes increases blood pressure, there is no scientific evidence to support this. Two experiments were conducted to clarify whether or not blood pressure increases in conjunction with the consumption of goat meat dishes. In experiment 1, 24 Dahl/Iwai rats (15 weeks old, body weight $309.3{\pm}11.1$ g) were evenly separated into 4 groups. The control group (CP) was fed a diet containing 20% chicken and 0.3% salt on a dry matter basis. The goat meat group (GM) was fed a diet containing 20% goat meat and 0.3% salt. The goat meat/salt group (GS) was fed a diet containing 20% goat meant and 3% to 4% salt. The Okinawan mugwort (Artemisia Princeps Pampan)/salt group (GY) was fed a diet containing 20% goat meat, 3% to 4% salt and 5% of freeze-dried mugwort powder. The experiment 1 ran for a period of 14 weeks during which time the blood pressure of the animals was recorded. The GS, and GY groups consumed significantly more water (p<0.01) than the CP and GM groups despite the fact that their diet consumption levels were similar. The body weight of animals in the CP, GM, and GS groups was similar while the animals in the GY group were significantly smaller (p<0.01). The blood pressure in the GM group was virtually the same as the CP group throughout the course of the experiment. In contrast, while the blood pressure of the animals in the GS and GY group from 15 to 19 weeks old was the same as the CP group, their blood pressures were significantly higher (p<0.01) after 20 weeks of age. The GY group tended to have lower blood pressure than the GS group. In experiment 2, in order to clarify whether or not the increase in blood pressure in the GS group and the GY group in experiment 1 was caused by an excessive intake of salt, the effects on blood pressure of a reduction of salt in diet were investigated. When amount of salt in the diet of the GS and GY group was reduced from 4% to 0.3%, the animal's blood pressure returned to normotensive. These results indicate that, as in the case of chicken consumption, prolonged consumption of goat meat does not cause increased blood pressure, rather the large amount of salt used in the preparation of goat meat dishes is responsible for the increase in blood pressure.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 타당한 지하조건을 모사하기 위한 실험장치를 글로버박스(Glove-box) 내에 설치하고 천연지하수 및 자연균열을 가진 화강암 시추코어를 이용하여 핵종이동 실험을 수행하였다. 암반코어의 균열을 통한 지하수 유동을 해석하기 위하여 비수착성 음이온 핵종인 Br로 지하수 유동실험을 수행하였다. 암반 균열을 통한 우라늄 이동 실험결과에서 유출된 우라늄의 파과곡선이 비수착성 핵종인 Br와 유사한 거동을 보여주었는데, 이는 주어진 지하수 조건에서 우라늄이 주로 탄산염과 결합된 음이온 복합체로 이동하기 때문인 것으로 추정된다. 아울러 균열충전광물에 대한 우라늄의 회분식 수착실험을 수행한 결과, 균열충전광물에 대한 우라늄의 분배계수 $K_d$는 약 2.7 mL/g로 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 우라늄 수착실험 결과는 빠른 유출을 보인 우라늄 이동실험 결과와 일치한다. 균열암반을 통한 우라늄 이동의 지 연 특성을 보다 자세히 분석하기 위하여 회분식 수착실험으로 부터 구한 $K_d$값을 이용해 지연인자 $R_d$값 $({\sim}16.2)$를 구하고 이동실험 결과로부터 구한 $R_d$값 $({\sim}14.3)$과 비교한 결과, 서로 매우 유사한 지연인자 값을 가진다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 화강암 코어의 균열을 통한 우라늄의 이동 지연이 주로 균열충전광물에 의해 이루어지고 있음을 의미하는 것이라고 하겠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.954-961
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• 2007

The experiments were conducted to determine effects of a mixture of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on T cell subpopulations and responsiveness to mitogen of splenocytes in male broiler chicks. In experiment 1, birds (8-d old) were fed basal, CLA-(CLA) and safflower oil-supplemented (SA) diets which were formulated by supplementary 10 g CLA or safflower oil/kg to the basal diet for 14 d. Broiler starter diet, which mainly consisted of corn and soybean meal, was served as the basal diet. Proliferative response and interleukin (IL)-2-like activity stimulated by concanavalin (Con) A at a concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ of splenocytes in chicks fed the CLA diet were greater than in chicks fed the SA diet, but not at $20{\mu}g$ Con A/ml. Percentage of CD3-positive T cells in splenocytes did not differ between chicks fed the SA diet and CLA. Ratio of CD4-positive T cells to CD8- positive T cells was significantly affected by dietary fat source. In experiment 2, broiler chicks (1-d old) were fed the same diets as in experiment 1 for 14 d. Results of splenocyte proliferation to Con A were similar to those in experiment 1, but phytohemaggulutinin (PHA)- or pokeweed mitogen (PWM)- induced splenocyte proliferation did not differ between the CLA and SA fed groups. Supplementation with SA or CLA to the basal diet tended to have a depressive effect on the proliferation, with the greater effect being that of SA. In experiment 3, effect of an addition of CLA to splenocyte culture medium on splenocyte proliferation was determined. An addition of CLA to the culture medium resulted in reduction of the splenocyte proliferation to Con A, but an addition of linoleic acid. When PWM and PHA were used as mitogen, the inhibitory effect of CLA and linoleic acid on the proliferation did not differ. The results suggested that the effect of dietary CLA on splenocyte proliferation was similar to that of SA, although the effect of dietary CLA on sub-populations was slightly different from that of dietary SA. Further studies are needed to clarify whether use of CLA would be beneficial for maintaining or enhancing T cell immunity in chicks.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

시설수박 재배시 안정적 수량확보와 과다시비에 따른 환경오염을 방지하기 위해 유기질비료의 적정 시비기준을 마련하고자 유기질비료인 혼합유박과 혼합유기질비료를 이용하여 시험을 수행하였다. 시험에 사용한 유기질비료는 혼합유박이 질소 3.9%, 인산 2.0%, 가리 0.9%, 혼합유기질비료는 질소 4.1%, 인산 2.1%, 가리 1.1%로 수박의 엽면적은 2가지 비종 모두에서 질소기준 0.5배량과 0.3배량 수준의 처리구가 화학비료 단용처리구와 비슷한 수준을 보였으며, 엽중 양분흡수량 및 수박의 과중과 당도는 가장 크게 나타났다. 수확 후 시험토양은 2가지 비종 모두에서 밑거름으로 50%와 30% 수준으로 시용하고, 웃거름으로 화학비료를 이용한 경우가 EC, 유효인산, 치환성 칼리 함량이 시험전에 비해 비슷하거나 낮아져 다른 처리에 비하여 시설하우스 토양의 염류집적 우려가 적었다. 이에 따라 시설수박 재배시 혼합유박이나 혼합유기질 비료의 적정시비량은 토양검정 질소시비량의 0.3~0.5배량 수준을 정식전 밑거름으로 사용하고, 나머지 양은 화학비료를 웃거름으로 관비를 통해 공급하는 것이 3~10%의 수량 증가 효과가 있었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2003년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.95-102
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• 2003

Corestone rock mass has complex characters because it is made up of stronger and stiffer corestone in a weaker and softer matrix. Physical model corestone rock mass made up of stiffer corestone in weaker matrix were tested in uniaxial compression and numercal modelling analysis The result of the uniaxial compression tests showed that increasing the corestone proportion generally increased the modulus of deformation. And the strength decreased in the lower corestone proportion, but it increased in the higher proportion(45%, 65% corestone by volume). The strength and the modulus of deformation were not affected by different size coretone on the same proportion. The result of the numerical modelling analysis showed similar trend compared with the result of the result of the uniaxial compression test. But though the result of th uniaxial compression test is similar to the result of the numerical modelling analysis, it's unreasonalble to apply the results of this paper to in situ corestone rock mass. So mere laboratory tests including triaxial test and the other numerical program analyses are necessary to apply the results to in situ corestone mass

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 제11회 음성통신 및 신호처리 워크샵 논문집 (SCAS 11권 1호)
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• pp.395-398
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• 1994

In this paper the word recognition using sub-model based Hidden Markov Model was studied. Phoneme models were composed of 61 phonemes in therms of Korean language pronunciation characteristic. Using this, word model was maded by serial concatenation. But, in case of this phoneme concatenation, the second and the third phoneme of syllable are overlapped in distribution at the same time. So considering this, the method that combines the second and the third phoneme to one model was proposed. And to prevent the increase in number of model, similar phonemes were combined to one, and finially, 57 models were created. In experiment proper model structure of sub-model was searched for, and recognition results were compared. So similar recognition results were maded, and overall recognition rates were increased in case of using parameter tying method.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.883-886
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• 1998

In order to detect the user's gaze position on a monitor by computer vision, the accurate estimations of 3D positions and 3D motion of facial features are required. In this paper, we apply a EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) to estimate 3D motion estimates and assumes that its motion is "smooth" in the sense of being represented as constant velocity translational and rotational model. Rotational motion is defined about the orgin of an face-centered coordinate system, while translational motion is defined about that of a camera centered coordinate system. For the experiments, we use the 3D facial motion data generated by computer simulation. Experiment results show that the simulation data andthe estimation results of EKF are similar.e similar.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.64-69
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• 2003

This paper describes a study on the tearing damage of the ship's bottom plating during a grounding. It has been known widely that difference scaling laws are applied for bodies undergoing simultaneously plastic flow and crack propagation in the deformation of the plate tearing. Especially, the basic scaling law is not followed for the fracture. In this study plate cutting experiments for the geometrically similar models have been performed in order to verify the problem. From the experimental results, it has been observed that the cutting forces and energy for the larger models are significantly lower than those of the smaller models the damage become large. A simplified analytical method for the estimation of tearing is proposed based on the experiments and it has been observed that the results of the present formula are correlated very well with the experiments