• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 보온재의 설치 상태를 고려한 ISO 20632와 NFPA 274 시험 기준에 따른 발열량 산출 결과를 분석하였다. 이를 위해서 보온재 총 6종(은박 발포폴리에틸렌(PE(S)), 무은박 발포폴리에틸렌폼(PE(N)), 고무발포(Rubber), 일본-폴리에틸렌폼(PE(J)), 일본-폴리우레탄폼(PU(J)) 그리고 일본-스티로폼(ST(J)))에 대해서 EN 13501-1과 화재성장곡선에 따른 난연 등급을 구분하였다. 그 결과 PU(J), PE(J) 그리고 PE(N)는 Class E 및 Ultra-fast, NFPA 274 시험기준에 의한 PE(S)는 Class D 및 Fast, ISO 20632에 의한 PE(S)는 Class C 및 Slow, 그리고 Rubber와 ST(J)는 Class B 및 Slow로 나타났다. 하지만, 난연 등급 평가 기준인 최대 발열량에 대한 시간평균 기울기는 시험 방법에 따라서 동일 보온재에 대하여 다르게 나타났으며, 보다 정확한 원인을 분석하기 위한 기초 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1981

The object of this study lies in reviewing of the western costume history in the light of the negative regulations concerning costumes and adornments. Readings related with the subject lead to the following findings; 1. the principal purpose of the sumptuary laws has relationship with the social stratification of the feudalism and the frequency of their occurrence is related with the formation of feudal system, its decline, the appearance of imperial regimes and the start of civil revolutions. 2. Sumptuary regulations spread westward with the flow of civilization, eg., in the sequence of Italy, swiss, France, Britain and new world. 3. Sumptuary laws are also found in abundance in the english colonies of America, and their object seems to be rather of the moral concern than class distinction of economical restriction.4. The reviewed sumptuary regulations are concerned with : A. Material gold or silver clothes, silks, ermine, marten or miniver furs, velvets, laces and embroies. B. Colors-Purple, scarlet and red. Other colors do not show consistent pattern of color-status symbol; C. Form-Length and width of headdresses, shoes, collars, trains or hoops. E. numbers of dresses allowed to be worn.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.63-66
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• 2003

1 km length of Bi-2223/Ag superconducting wires were fabricated by stacking, drawing process with advanced heat-treatment schedules. Intermediate annealing was carried out to increase the homogeneity and uniformity of the superconducting filaments embedded in the silver matrix. Phase modification from tetragonal to orthorhombic Bi-2212 by pre heat treatment(PHT) was executed to improve the texture and phase transformation of Bi-2223. Drawing stress was measured to Predict the sausaging and stress limit, Rolling parameters such as thickness, width and winding tension were investigated to roll the tape with uniformity. Critical current of 1 km length of superconducting tapes was measured about 50 A continuously after final sintering.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.413-422
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• 2004

Established microleakage tests have their own disadvantages. In this study, 3D reconstruction method was tried to overcome these disadvantages. Four types of microleakage tests were used and relationships among them were estimated: penetrated dye volume: marginal adaptability: degree of dye penetration and relative penetrated length to cavity wall. Twenty-four Class V cavities were bulk filled with composite (Esthet X) following surface treatments: N group (no treatment): E group (etching only): T group (etching + Prime & Bond NT). 50% silver nitrate was used as a dye solution after thermocycling ($5^{\circ}C{\;}&{\;}55^{\circ}C$, 1.000 times). Teeth were serially ground with a thickness of 0.2 mm. Volume of dye penetration was estimated from a three-dimensionally reconstructed image with a software (3D-DOCTOR). Percentage of margin without gap was estimated from SEM and degree of dye penetration and the relative length of dye penetration to overall cavity wall were also estimated. ANOVA and Scheffe test for dye volume, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test for marginal quality, Spearman's rho test for checking of relationships among methods were used. The results were as follows: 1. Dye penetration could be seen from several directions, furthermore, its volumetric estimation was possible. 2. Reverse relationship was found between dye volume and marginal quality (r = -0.881/ p = 0.004). 3. Very low relationship was seen between dye volume and two-dimensional tests (degree of dye penetration and relative length). However, 2D evaluation methods showed high relationship (p = 0.002-0.054) each other. 4. Three times vertical section could be recommended as a 2D test.

• 복식
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• 제23권
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• pp.151-168
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to examine all kinds of Kwanmo of Kokuryo. The results are as follows . There are nine kinds of Kwanmo in Kokuryo : Kun(건), Chaik ( 책), Jeolpoong(절풍), Sogol (소골), Jowookwan (조익관), Rakwan (라관), Kagkwan(각관), Rip(립) and Jumdongkwan (금동관), Kun(건) is a piece of cloth which covers hair. There are two types of kun(건) : Hari band type and entire head cover type. Chaik(책) was originated in China , but people of Kokuryo didn't wore chinese Chaik (책) as it was. They created unique shape of their own. Jeolpoong (절풍) is the cone-shaped knwanmo which is chiefly made of leather. In the early period it was worn by the nobility , but gradually trickcled down common people's Kwanmo. Sogol(소골) is the cone -shaped Kwanmo which is made of silk and decorated with gold and silver. Only the nobility wore it, Jowookwan(조익관) is the knwanmo decorated with natural bird feather or metallic feather. Mainly it was worn by the nobility in hunting , Besides, worriors, diplomats, dancers and musicians wore it. Rakwan (나관) was worn by the highest class. There were three kinds of Rakwan (나관) : Baekrakwan(백나관). Cheongrakwan (청나관) and Birakwan (비나관). The king of Kokuryo wore BAekrakwan (백나관). It was simlar ini shape to chines Mookwan (무관). Kagkwan (각관) was the kwanmo unique to Kokuryo. It was used by the nobility . Rip (립)was originated on purpose to protect people form the sunshine or rain. There were two kinds of Rip(립) ; Bangrip (방립) and Pyungyangja(평량자). The former was used by the nobility, the lattr was used by common people in hunting . The Kwanmo which was decorated with gold and silver developed into Kumdongkwan(금동관). The Kwanmo which is similar to Kumkwan (금관) of Baekje and Shilla has been shown in Kaimachong (가마총) 무 dJumdongkwan(금동관) was excavated in the ancient tombs of Kokuryo.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2000

평균수명의 증가와 생활수준의 향상으로 인해 경제적 여유가 있는 노인층에서는 자신의 경제력을 이용하여 적정한 비용을 지불하더라도 안락하고 수준 높은 서비스를 받으려는 경향이 뚜렷해지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 요구에 부응하여 전주시 외곽지역을 대상으로 하여 전원 휴양형 실버타운의 개발시 합리적이고 쾌적한 주거환경을 갖게 하는데 중점을 두어 그 적지를 선정하였다. 적지선정의 방법으로는 인공신경망이론의 학습을 통하여 각 셀에 각각의 등급 값을 부여함으로써 유연성 있는 의사결정으로 개선하였으며 또한, 지형공간정보 시스템에서 기존에 사용하던 적지 선정 방법인 부울논리의 중첩기법과 비교 분석함으로써 부울논리에 의한 정보의 손실과 인공신경망을 이용한 적지선정 방법의 타당성을 입증하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of present study was to evaluate the internal adaptation of composite restorations using different adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: Typical class I cavities were prepared in 32 human third molars. The teeth were divided into the following four groups: 3-step etch-and-rinse, 2-step etch-and-rinse, 2-step self-etch and 1-step self-etch system were used. After the dentin adhesives were applied, composite resins were filled and light-cured in two layers. Then, silver nitrate solution was infiltrated, and all of the samples were scanned by micro-CT before and after thermo-mechanical load cycling. For each image, the length to which silver nitrate infiltrated, as a percentage of the whole pulpal floor length, was calculated (%SP). To evaluate the internal adaptation using conventional method, the samples were cut into 3 pieces by two sectioning at an interval of 1 mm in the middle of the cavity and they were dyed with Rhodamine-B. The cross sections of the specimens were examined by stereomicroscope. The lengths of the parts where actual leakage was shown were measured and calculated as a percentage of real leakage (%RP). The values for %SP and %RP were compared. Results: After thermo-mechanical loading, all specimens showed significantly increased %SP compared to before thermo-mechanical loading and 1-step self-etch system had the highest %SP (p < 0.05). There was a tendency for %SP and %RP to show similar microleakage percentage depending on its sectioning. Conclusions: After thermo-mechanical load cycling, there were differences in internal adaptation among the groups using different adhesive systems.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.503-513
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• 2016

지금까지 스마트 폰 사용자는 Innovator, Early Adopter가 주 고객이었다면 가격 안정화와 인터넷을 즐기는 노인세대가 등장하면서 소외계층에 대한 중요성 및 체계적인 분류와 집중, 전략의 필요해졌다. 그리고 노년계층만으로 국한된 소외계층이 아닌 자신의 의지에 따라 사용자가 될 수 있는 잠재적 사용자에 대한 세분화와 그들을 확보할 수 있는 UI에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 그들을 확보하기 위해 iPhone의 스큐어모피즘, MS 메트로UI, Google 머티리얼 UI가 변하는 과정에서 UI의 기본구성요소(WIMP)가 어떻게 적용되어 왔는지 분석하였다. 분석결과 스큐어모피즘은 완전히 새로운 것이 아닌 사용자에게 외면 받았던 부분을 보완 개선하는 방식으로 천천히 잠재적 사용자를 확보하고 있고 메트로 UI는 터치UI개념으로 처음부터 잠재적 사용자를 고려하였지만 새롭고 획기적인 UI로 그들을 확보하지 못했다. 하지만 Google의 머티리얼 UI는 스큐어모피즘 UI와 메트로 UI의 단점을 보완하고 가성비를 내세워 잠재적 사용자 중 최종수용자까지 확보할 수 있는 UI로 발전하고 있다. 따라서 잠재적 사용자를 확보하기 위해서는 스마트폰을 왜(why) 사용해야 하는지에 대해 사용자 스스로가 공감할 수 있도록 해야 하며 직접적인 대화와 관찰의 피드백을 통해 더욱 체계적인 UI연구로 접근해야 함을 제언한다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.321-338
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of moistening and air-drying of acid conditioned dentin and enamel on the marginal microleakage. In this study, Class V cavity were prepared on both buccal and lingual surface of sixty extracted human premolars with cementum margin. These specimens were randomly devided into three groups and three dentin adhesives(Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, All bond 2, Prisma Universal Bond 3) were applied to each group. The specimens in each group were subdevided into four groups (Wet/primed, Dry/primed, Wet/not primed, Dry/not primed) and the etched dentin and enamel surface were treated these four surface treatments prior to the placement of a bonding agent or adhesive. Wet/primed group was simply blot-dried with a damp facial tissue before primer placement ; Dry/primed group was air dried for 30 seconds before the placement of a primer ; Wet/not primed group and Dry/not primed group were not primed after blot dried and air dried for 30 seconds each group. The bonding agent and composite resin were applied for each group. All specimens were exposed to 500 cycle of thermal stress. Specimens were placed in a silver nitrate solution and then sectioned buccolingually through the center of the restoration. The dye penetrations of the specimens were observed with a stereo microscope. The statistical test were applied to the results using a one way analysis variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's multiple range test. The aspects of silver ion penetration into the resin/dentin interface were examined under scanning electron microscopy. The results were as follows. 1. In all groups, the enamel margin showed significantly lower leakage value than the cementum margin (p<0.05). 2. Regardless of various surface treatment and dentin adhesives, there was no significant difference at the enamel margins (p>0.05). 3. At the dentin margins, the leakage values of Dry/not primed group showed significantly higher than that of the other groups (p<0.05). The leakage values of Wet/primed group showed significantly lower than that of the other groups, but, there was no significant difference between Wet group and Dry group. 4. There was no significantly difference between the dentin adhesives regarding the surface treatments in all groups(p>0.05). 5. On the backscatterd scanning electron microscopy observation, the penetration of the silver ion occured at the bonding resin/dentin interface. In the Wet/primed group, resindentin hybrid zone and resin penetration into the dentin was observed. The resin tags were compactively formed to a thickness of $3\sim4{\mu}m$ at the upper part of dentinal tubules. In the Dry/primed group, the thickness of the hybrid zone and the diameter, depth of the resin tags diminished. In the Non-primed groups, the hybrid zone was not identified and few resin tag was observed. There was the gap formation in the resin/dentin interface.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.184-193
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• 2016

목적: 중합 시간이 bulk fill 유동성 복합레진의 미세누출에 미치는 영향을 마이크로시티를 이용하여 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 30개의 발거된 인간 대구치에 변형된 2급 와동인 vertical slot cavity를 형성하였다. SonicFill과 SureFil SDR flow을 단일 충전하였으며, 다른 중합시간(20, 40, 60초)으로 광중합 하였다. 모든 표본은 5000번의 thermal cycle을 시행하였다. 치아는 silver nitrate 용액에 24시간 동안 침전 후 8시간 동안 현상액에 침전하였다. 마이크로시티를 사용하여 시편을 촬영 후 침투된 silver nitrate solution을 3차원적으로 재건하여 그 부피를 측정하였다. 변연 누출 결과값의 통계 처리는 Mann-Whitney test를 사용하였다. 결과: 광중합 시간의 증가는 두 bulk fill 유동성 복합레진에서 변연 누출을 증가시켰다. 두 복합레진 사이 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 중합 시간은 bulk fill 유동성 복합레진의 변연 누출을 증가시킬 수 있는 요인이었다. 또한 마이크로시티를 통해 레진-치아 계면에서 변연 누출의 양을 비파괴적 방법으로 3차원적으로 재건하여 측정할 수 있었다.