• 간호행정학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2009

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare preceptors and new graduate nurses on their perception of preceptor teaching effectiveness. Methods: The participants were 90 new nurses and 90 preceptors who worked in A medical center. The data were collected from July 1 to September 30, 2008. A cross-sectional descriptive survey was done using a structured questionnaire. Results: New nurses' perception ($4.07{\pm}.44$) of the preceptor teaching effectiveness was significantly higher than perception of the preceptors ($3.57{\pm}.37$). Fifty five percent of new graduate nurses reported a lack of coherence in the preceptor's practice guidelines. For 5 causal factors classified on the teaching effectiveness, the factor of 'Professional knowledge and ability' showed the highest score, but 'Interpersonal and communication skill' got lowest score for both group. Preceptors responded that they did not have enough time to teach well because of their heavy workloads. Conclusions: These results suggest that the preceptors need appropriate compensation and education opportunities, and new graduate nurses need consistent education by the teaching professionals. Therefore, it is important to give preceptors full charge of the preceptorship. Also, it will be necessary to develop education programs to enhance interpersonal and communication skill for preceptors and new nurses.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.555-563
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• 2016

Uniformity and leveled distributions of soil chemicals across paddy fields are critical to manage optimal crop yields, reduce environmental risks and efficiently use water in rice cultivation. In this study, an investigation of spatial distributions on soil chemical properties was conducted to evaluate the effect of land leveling on mitigation of soil chemical property heterogeneity from a remodeled paddy field. The spatial variabilities of chemical properties were analyzed by geostatistical analyses; semivariograms and kriged simulations. The soil samples were taken from a 1 ha paddy field before and after land leveling with sufficient water. The study site was located at Bon-ri site of Dalseong and river sediments were dredged from Nakdong river basins. The sediments were buried into the paddy field after 50 cm of top soils at the paddy field were removed. The top soils were recovered after the sediments were piled up. In order to obtain the most accurate spatial field information, the soil samples were taken at every 5 m by 5 m grid point and total number of samples was 100 before and after land leveling with sufficient water. Soil pH increased from 6.59 to 6.85. Geostatistical analyses showed that chemical distributions had a high spatial dependence within a paddy field. The parameters of semivariogram analysis showed similar trends across the properties except pH comparing results from before and after land leveling. These properties had smaller "sill" values and greater "range" values after land leveling than ones from before land leveling. These results can be interpreted as land leveling induced more homogeneous distributions of soil chemical properties. The homogeneous distributions were confirmed by kriged simulations and distribution maps. As a conclusion, land leveling with sufficient water may induce better managements of fertilizer and water use in rice cultivation at disturbed paddy fields.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.398-405
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• 1998

We investigated the effects of triterpene acids (TAs), ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA), on the induction of proliferation and differentiation of normal rat mammary epithelial cells (RMEC) or organoids cultured in Matrigel or primary culture system. To elucidate the effects, we tested their differentiation inducing activities with intercellular communication ability, cell cycle patterns, induction of apoptosis, and morphological differentiation in the three dimensional extracellular culture system. To study the changes of RMEC subpopulation in culture, the cultured cells were isolated, immunostained with peanut lectin (PNA) and anti-Thy-1.1 antibody and then analyzed with flow cytometry. Four different subpopulations, such as PNA and Thy-1.1 negative cells (B-), PNA positive cells (PNA+), Thy-1.1 positive cells (Thy-1.1+), PNA and Thy-1.1 positive cells (B+), were obtained and the size of each subpopulation was changed in culture with time in the presence of TAs. Intercellular communication was observed in culture for 7 days in TAs-treated cells, but not in culture for 4 days with scrape-loading dye transfer technique. $G_2$/M phase cells and the number of apoptotic population were increased in TAs-treated groups in cell cycle analyses. S phase fractions were reduced and the change of $G_1$ phase cells was not observed. The colonies with distinct multicelfular structures, such as stellate, ductal, webbed, squamous, lobulo-ductal colonies, were observed in Matrigel culture and the frequencies of each colony were changed in the presence of TAs. These results suggest that UA and OA have differentiation inducing effects on rat mammary epithelial cells in primary or in Matrigel culture.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.419-446
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• 2012

우리나라는 국가통계체제는 고속성장이라는 국가적 과제와 발전의 궤를 같이 하면서 필요할 때마다 관련 통계를 만들어 왔으며 이로 인해 기초통계가 체계적으로 균형 있게 발전해오지 못한 한계를 지니고 있다. 변화하는 경제사회 환경에 맞추어 필요통계를 발굴해내는 수요체계 파악, 국제기구의 통계와의 정합성 제고, 유사중복통계 작성 방지, 통계인력의 전문성 제고 등 구조적 문제를 해결하기 위한 법적 및 실질적 운영상의 개선 노력이 필요하다. 국가통계 총괄 조정기능 강화하고 실천력이 전제되는 거버넌스 구조를 위해 통계청을 차관급인 처나 장관급 행정부로 격상시키고 통계기관장을 임기제로 하고 공모를 통하여 선정해야 한다. 행정자료의 활용도 제고를 위한 대통령직속위원회의 신설, 민간 통계생산기관과의 협력강화, 지방자치단체의 통계역량 제고, 자료처리센터의 설치, 마이크로데이터의 공동 활용 시스템 설치 등도 시급한 과제들이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.1864-1872
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ecklonia stolonifera (E. stolonifera) extract addition on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, methanogenesis and microbial populations. Methods: One cannulated Holstein cow ($450{\pm}30kg$) consuming timothy hay and a commercial concentrate (60:40, w/w) twice daily (09:00 and 17:00) at 2% of body weight with free access to water and mineral block were used as rumen fluid donors. In vitro fermentation experiment, with timothy hay as substrate, was conducted for up to 72 h, with E. stolonifera extract added to achieve final concentration 1%, 3%, and 5% on timothy hay basis. Results: Administration of E. stolonifera extract to a ruminant fluid-artificial saliva mixture in vitro increased the total gas production. Unexpectedly, E. stolonifera extracts appeared to increase both methane emissions and hydrogen production, which is contrasts with previous observations with brown algae extracts used under in vitro fermentation conditions. Interestingly, real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that as compared with the untreated control the ciliate-associated methanogen and Fibrobacter succinogenes populations decreased, whereas the Ruminococcus flavefaciens population increased as a result of E. stolonifera extract supplementation. Conclusion: E. stolonifera showed no detrimental effect on rumen fermentation characteristics and microbial population. Through these results E. stolonifera has potential as a viable feed supplement to ruminants.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 국민건강영양조사 2016-2019년 자료 중 성인을 대상으로 대사증후군의 위험요인 탐색하고, 성별에 따른 위험요인의 차이를 규명하여 대사증후군 예방 및 치료에 기초자료로 제공하기 위함이다. 다양한 선행연구를 통해 대사증후군 위험요인을 수집하고, 4개의 머신러닝(Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Naïve Bayes, Random Forest)의 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 남성과 여성 모두에서 Random Forest의 대사증후군 예측 정확도가 높았다. 대사증후군 유병에 영향을 주는 상위 위험요인으로는 여성과 남성 모두에서 BMI, 식이(지방, 비타민 C, 비타민 A, 단백질, 에너지 섭취), 기저질환의 개수, 연령으로 나타났다. 여성의 경우 교육수준과 초경 연령, 폐경 여부가 추가적으로 주요 위험요인으로 나타났고, 남성에 비해 연령과 기저질환의 개수에서 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 대사증후군을 예방하기 위해선 BMI, 식이, 질환의 이환, 초경 및 폐경여부를 고려하여 접근해야하며 후속 연구를 통해 다양한 중재 전략을 수립하고 검증해야 할 것이다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1923-1929
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between blood components and carcass traits, and to find the biomarkers related to meat quality and quantity in Hanwoo steers. Methods: One hundred twenty-six Hanwoo steers (8 to 9 months of age, body weight of $185.6{\pm}24.38kg$) were used to find the correlation between blood compositions and carcass traits. The steers were fed concentrate and rice straw (30 steers) or total mixed rations (96 steers) during the whole experimental period. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at the growing (8 to 12 months), fattening (13 to 23 months) and finishing phases (24 to 30 months). Steers were slaughtered at 30 to 31 months of age (body weight of $701.6{\pm}60.45kg$) and the carcass traits were evaluated. Blood metabolites and hormones were analyzed and the correlation coefficients and regression equations with carcass traits were determined. Results: Average concentrations of retinol, leptin and insulin were 1.10 IU, 30.34 ng, and 35.35 ng per mL of blood plasma, respectively. Retinol has negative correlations (p<0.01) with insulin and leptin. Blood insulin and total protein decreased with the age of steers, but retinol, aspartic acid transaminase (AST), glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride increased. In the finishing phase, significant (p<0.01) negative correlations occurred between blood retinol content and marbling score, and between blood AST content and longissimus muscle area of 13th rib, and the following regression equations were obtained: Marbling score $(1-9)=-0.009{\times}retinol(IU/100mL)+9.125$ ($R^2=0.643$), Longissimus muscle area $(cm^2)=-0.250{\times}AST(U/L)+112.498$ ($R^2=0.450$). Conclusion: It is possible to make highly marbled beef by controlling the blood retinol content during the fattening and finishing phases of Hanwoo steers. Accordingly, blood retinol and AST could be biomarkers for determining beef quality and quantity, respectively, prior to slaughter.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2019

본 연구는 체계적문헌고찰과 메타분석을 활용하여 인터넷중독 예방프로그램이 청소년의 자기통제력에 미치는 효과를 산출하는 것이다. 검색한 국내문헌의 자료를 살펴보면, 국회도서관, 한국교육학술정보원, 한국학술정보원 및 각종 국내학회지를 사용하였으며, 그중 2018년까지의 검색결과 11개의 문헌으로 메타분석을 실시하였다. 메타분석의 결과로써, 인터넷중독 예방프로그램에 대한 청소년의 자기통제력의 전체효과크기는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타냈으나 이질성이 높아 하위집단분석을 실시하였다. 대상자유형에 따른 인터넷중독 예방프로그램의 자기통제력에 대한 효과크기는 초등학생과 중고등학생 모두에서 통계적으로 유의하였다. 인터넷중독 여부에 따른 자기통제력의 대한 효과크기는 정상그룹에서는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 초등학생과 중고등학생의 특성에 따른 인터넷중독 예방프로그램의 개발이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1930-1939
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to conduct metabolic profiling of dairy cattle serum and urine using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectroscopy and to compare the results obtained with those of other dairy cattle herds worldwide so as to provide a basic dataset to facilitate research on metabolites in serum and urine. Methods: Six dairy cattle were used in this study; all animals were fed the same diet, which was composed of total mixed ration; the fed amounts were based on voluntary intake. Blood from the jugular neck vein of each steer was collected at the same time using a separate serum tube. Urine samples were collected by hand sweeping the perineum. The metabolites were determined by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by performing principal component analysis, partial least squares-discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: The total number of metabolites in the serum and urine was measured to be 115 and 193, respectively, of which 47 and 81, respectively were quantified. Lactate (classified as an organic acid) and urea (classified as an aliphatic acylic compound) exhibited the highest concentrations in serum and urine, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with diseases such as ketosis, bovine respiratory disease, and metritis, and metabolites associated with heat stress were also found in the serum and urine samples. Conclusion: The metabolites measured in the serum and urine could potentially be used to detect diseases and heat stress in dairy cattle. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the serum and urine of ruminants in Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2021

Objective: The metabolites that constitute the rumen fluid and milk in dairy cattle were analyzed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy and compared with the results obtain for other dairy cattle herds worldwide. The aim was to provide basic dataset for facilitating research on metabolites in rumen fluid and milk. Methods: Six dairy cattle were used in this study. Rumen fluid was collected using a stomach tube, and milk was collected using a pipeline milking system. The metabolites were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the obtained data were statistically analyzed by principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, variable importance in projection scores, and metabolic pathway data using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: The total numbers of metabolites in rumen fluid and milk were measured to be 186 and 184, and quantified as 72 and 109, respectively. Organic acid and carbohydrate metabolites exhibited the highest concentrations in rumen fluid and milk, respectively. Some metabolites that have been associated with metabolic diseases (acidosis and ketosis) in cows were identified in rumen fluid, and metabolites associated with ketosis, somatic cell production, and coagulation properties were identified in milk. Conclusion: The metabolites measured in rumen fluid and milk could potentially be used to detect metabolic diseases and evaluate milk quality. The results could also be useful for metabolomic research on the biofluids of ruminants in Korea, while facilitating their metabolic research.