• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2013

We investigated the 1-deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ) content of extracts from silkworm larvae at each developmental stage within three silkworm varieties. We also compared the content of the following polyhydroxylated alkaloids in the silkworm extracts: 1-DNJ, fagomine, and 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol (DAB). In addition, we evaluated the glucose-lowering effects of silkworm extract powder in db/db mice. The 1-DNJ content was the highest in Yeonnokjam $5^{th}$ instar $3^{rd}$ d larvae and Hansaengjam $5^{th}$ instar $3^{rd}$ d larvae, which contained 18.4 mg/100 g dry weight and 18.3 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. The $5^{th}$ instar $3^{rd}$ d larvae exhibited a higher content of 1-DNJ than that of $5^{th}$ instar $5^{th}$ d larvae among all varieties. The glucose-lowering effects of silkworm extracts and Yeonnokjam powder were tested on db/db mice, and the blood glucose levels were found to decrease significantly in the YR70 group. Silkworm extracts (180 mg/kg, 90 mg/kg, 45 mg/kg, and 22.5 mg/kg) and acarbose (50 mg/kg) were administered orally for 4 wk. Changes in water intake were not statistically significant between control and silkworm extract-treated groups. Compared to the control group, blood glucose levels in the silkworm extract powder-treated group decreased in the 22.5 mg/kg/d group after being administered for 4 wk. This decrease was statistically significant. Furthermore, biochemical changes in the AST(Aspartate aminotransferase), ALT(Alanine aminotransferase), TCHO(Total Cholesterol), TG(Triglyceride), LDL(Low density lipoprotein), and HDL(High density lipoprotein) levels in blood were not observed. However, statistically significant decreases in blood GLU in the 22.5 mg/kg/d group compared to that of the control group occurred. In addition, the epididymal fat weight of the silkworm extract powder-treated group decreased significantly in both the 22.5 mg/kg/d group and 180 mg/kg/d group compared to that of the control group, but there were no statistically significant changes in perirenal fat weight. These results demonstrate that silkworm extracts inhibit changes in blood glucose levels in model diabetic mice.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제27권12호
• /
• pp.1470-1478
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 건강기능성 식품의 소재로서 활용하기 위해 부안, 남원 및 보은의 산지별 누에분말을 단백질 분해능이 뛰어난 Bacillus subtilis KACC 91157 균주로 발효시켜 제조한 발효누에 추출물의 이화학적 특성 및 생리활성을 평가하였다. 구성 아미노산 함량은 부안 누에군(BU)에서 가장 높았으나, 발효 후에는 보은 발효누에군(BBO)에서 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 미네랄 함량은 K, Ca, Mg 순으로 함유되어 있었으나, Na가 가장 높은 미네랄 함량의 증가율을 보였다. DPPH를 통한 자유라디칼 소거능과 혈전용해 효소활성은 발효 전에 비하여 발효누에군에서 높게 나타났으며, 특히 BBO군에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 전립선암 세포(LNcaP)와 유방암 세포(MCF-7) 성장 저해능은 BBO군에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 LPS 처리 RAW 264.7세포의 NO생성 억제활성 역시 BBO군에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 이와 같이 산지별 고초균 발효누에 추출물을 비교해본 결과 보은 누에가 건강기능성 식품의 소재로서 활용할 가치가 높은 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2019

The effect of heat treatment on the sterilization and fatty acid compositions of silkworm powder was carried out under the guidance of Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Food borne pathogens or microorganisms including E. coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and aflatoxin, were not detected. The fatty acid composition was hardly changed after the silkworm powder was treated to a high temperature of $121^{\circ}C$. The low temperature sterilization of silkworm powder at $63^{\circ}C$ decreased the concentration of E. coli while high temperature sterilization at $121^{\circ}C$ has found no traces of microorganism.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.377-388
• /
• 2005

누에가루는 단백질과 섬유질 함량이 높았고, pH는 누에가루가 8.31로 밀가루의 5.80보다 상당히 높았으며 누에가루에서 pretense가 많이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. Amylograph에서 누에가루 증가시 최고점도는 높아지는 경향이었다. 이는 누에가루에 존재하는 ${\alpha}$-glycosidase 활성을 억제하는 물질에 의해서 밀가루의 ${\alpha}$-amylas 활성이 억제되어 최고점도가 높아진 것으로 생각되었다. 누에가루 첨가시 반죽의 신장도와 저항도의 급격한 감소로 반죽의 글루텐 구조가 매우 약화되어 제빵성이 크게 저하되는 것으로 나타났으며 이는 누에가루에 있는 protease의 지나친 활성으로 확인되었다. 열처리한 누에가루의 casein 분해능이 16.93 IU인데 비해, 열처리하지 않은 누에가루의 pretense 활성도는 23.87 IU였다. 따라서 열처리를 통하여 누에가루의 pretense를 불활성시켜 사용함으로서 반죽의 물성이 개선되고 빵의 부피 증가 및 품질을 크게 향상시킬 수 있는 새로운 방법을 규명하였다. 그러고 ascorbic acid, SSL 및 gluten을 첨가하여 품질 향상을 더욱 보완하였고, 발효 저해는 lactic acid를 첨가함으로서 반죽의 pH를 조절하여 발효력을 향상시켰다. 열처리로 protease를 불활성화 시킨 누에가루를 사용하여 제조한 빵의 관능검사 결과 대조구와 같은 수준의 선호도를 보였으며 누에가루의 적정 첨가량은 2%수준으로 나타났다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.263-278
• /
• 2013

The silkworm extract powder contain 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a potent ${\alpha}$-glycosidase inhibitor, has therapeutic potency against diabetes mellitus. Therefore, natural products containing DNJ from mulberry leaves and silkworm are consumed as health functional food. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety of the silkworm extract powder, a health food which containing the DNJ. The repeated toxicity studies and gentic toxicity studies of the silkworm extract powder were performed to obtain the data for new functional food approval in MFDS. The safety was evaluated by a single-dose oral toxicity study and a 90 day repeated-dose oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. The silkworm extract powder was also evaluated for its mutagenic potential in a battery of genetic toxicity test: in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. The results of the genetic toxicology assays were negative in all of the assays. The approximate lethal dose in single oral dose toxicity study was considered to be higher than 5000 mg/kg in rats. In the 90 day study, the dose levels were wet at 0, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg/day, and 10 animals/sex/dose were treated with oral gavage. The parameters that were monitored were clinical signs, body weights, food and water consumptions, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weights, and histopathological examination. No adverse effects were observed after the 90 day administration of the silkworm extract powder. The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of silkworm extract powder in the 90 day study was 2000 mg/kg/day in both sexes, and no target organ was identified.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mulberry fruit, mulberry leaves and silkworm powder with different mixing ratios on hepatic antioxidative system and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were induced diabetic by 50 mg/kg bw streptozotocin and randomly assigned to following experimental groups; normal diet group (DM), 0.3% and 0.6% mulberry fruit diet groups (F and 2F), 0.3% mulberry leaves diet group (M), 0.3% silkworm powder diet group (S), 0.15% mulberry fruit+0.15% mulberry leaves diet group (FM), 0.15% mulberry fruit+0.15% silkworm powder diet group (FS), 0.1 % mulberry fruit+0.1 % mulberry leaves+0.1% silkworm powder diet group (FMS). The experimental diets were fed for 4 weeks. Hepatic SOD activity was not changed significantly by any of single or combined supplementations of mulberry fruit, leaves and silkworm powder but GSH-px and catalase activities were increased by the groups supplemented with two or three of the test ingredients (FM, FS, FMS) as compared with the DM group. Hepatic TBARS value was not reduced significantly by any of the supplementations but lipofuscin contents were significantly reduced in the FM, FS and FMS groups as compared with the DM group. Hepatic mitochondria and microsomal carbonyl values were reduced by the single and combined supplementations of the test ingredients. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activities were increased in the all supplementation groups as compared with the DM group. Hepatic total lipid and triglyceride contents were increased but cholesterol contents reduced in the supplemented groups. The effects on the enzyme activities, peroxide or its products and lipid contents were most remarkable in the FMS group. In conclusion, mulberry fruit, mulberry leaves and silkworm powder have the favorable effects on antioxidative system and lipid metabolism in the diabetic liver and the mulberry fruit, leaves and silkworm powder with equal ratio exert the synergistic effect expectedly to prevent diabetic complications.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.63-67
• /
• 2009

To increase utilities as functional materials, 173 strains of silkworm genetic resources in the form of silkworm powder were evaluated for antioxidative capacity, with minilum L-100 device and ARAW-KIT (anti-radical ability of water soluble substance). Silkworm powder was prepared with freezing method from silkworms at 5th instar 3rd day larvae. All strains of silkworm powder were prepared with 80% methanol extraction. The data of pupation rate, longevity of silkmoth with origin and voltinism were used for data base of silkworm genetic resources. The weight of a silkworm larva with freezing method at 5th instar 3rd day was measured. The average of antioxidative capacity of 173 silkworm strains was 429.68 nmol. The analysis of correlation among variables was significant, showing negative correlation of the antioxidative capacity with longevity of silk moth and weight of 5th instar silkworm larva. The strains from the tropic, Europe and some other origins were comparatively high. In conclusion, short longevity and low weight of 5th instar silkworm larvae showed comparatively effective antioxidative capacity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제33권10호
• /
• pp.1611-1617
• /
• 2004

본 연구에서 는 뽕잎과 누에가루의 함량 비를 달리 하여 제조한 환의 혈당강하 효과를 in vitro및 동물실험을 통해 검정 하고자 하였다. 실험 동물은 체중 100 g내외 의 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷 흰쥐를 이용하였으며, 제조환은 식이 내에 0.4%(4 ghg)씩 공급하였다. 실험군은 제조환의 종류에 따라 제조환을 공급하지 않은 당뇨 대조군(DM group), 뽕잎 100%로 제조한 군(M group), 뽕잎에 누에가루를 각각 25%(25SM group), 50%(50SM group), 75%(75SM group) 및 100%(100S group)씩 혼합하여 제조한 군으로 나누었다. 식이와 식수는 자유섭식시켰으며,3주 간 사육한 후 STZ로 당뇨를 유발시켰으며, 9일 만에 희생시켰다 제조된 혼합 환의 DNJ의 함량은 누에가루의 혼합 비율이 높을수록 증가되었다. GABA및 rutin의 함량은 뽕잎의 혼합 비율이 증가함에 따라 함유량이 증가되었다. in uitro에서 소장 점막의 $\alpha$-glucosidase의 활성 저해 효과도 뽕잎 에 누에가루를 50% 이상 혼합시켰을 때 혼합하지 않은 환과 2SSM 환보다 유의적으로 증가되었다. 혈당강하 효과는 DM군과 M군에 비해 누에가루를 혼합한 군에서 더 높았으며 특히 50%, 75% 및 100% 혼합한 군들에서는 유의적 인 혈당강하 효과를 나타내었다. 소장 점막 maltase 활성은 proximal 부분에서 DM군에 비하여 제조환 공급군 모두가 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 제조환 공급군 간에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. Middle부분에서는 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. Distal 부분에서는 DM군에 비하여 제조환 공급군에서 감소되었으며, 특히 50SM군,75SM군 및 100S군에서 현저하게 감소하였다. Sucrase와 lactase의 경우에는 prorimal부분에서 DM군에 비하여 제조환 공급군에서 유의적으로 감소되었으며, middle 및 distal부분에서는 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 결론적으로 뽕잎과 누에가루를 혼합하여 제조한 환은 in vitro실험 에서 $\alpha$-glucosidase 활성 저해효과를 증가시켰으며, STZ 유발 당뇨 쥐의 소장 proximal 부분의 이 당류 분해 효소 활성을 억제함으로써 급속한 혈당상승을 억제하는 효과가 있었다. 이러한 효과는 뽕잎과 누에가루를 50 : 50의 동량으로 혼합시켰을 때 가장 좋은 것으로 관찰되었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2024

The mature Bombyx mori silkworm is recognized as a rich source of several nutrients. A unique steaming process has been developed to enhance the palatability of Bombyx mori silkworm and make it more convenient to consume. Additionally, it has also been freeze-dried into a powder form, which is recognized as a nutritional supplement with many health benefits. Steamed and Freeze-dried Mature Silkworm Powder (SMSP) is said to offer a wide range of benefits, including longevity, improved athletic performance, prevention of alcohol-induced liver fibrosis or tumors, amelioration of fatty liver, prevention of peptic ulcers, regulation of melanin production, and mitigation of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases by improving cognitive function. The nutritional composition of SMSP is particularly high in glycine, alanine and serine. This review aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying the diverse effects induced by these key components of SMSP. Such elucidation will enhance the credibility of future studies on SMSP, which will require more comprehensive analyses. It appears that SMSP represents a natural health supplement that could have a positive impact on global human health while increasing income.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제42권2호
• /
• pp.93-98
• /
• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of silkworm powder on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in brain membrances of SD rats. Hydroxyl radical (OH) levels resulted in a considerable decreases in brain mitochondria fraction. Superoxide radical (O$_2$) levels were a slightly decreased in brain cytosol fraction. Lipid peroxide (LPO) and Oxidized protein (OP) levels were significantly decreased in brain mitochondria and microsomes fraction. Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was remarkably increased in the mitochondria fraction. Cu and Zn-SOD activities were effectively increased in brain cytosol fraction. GSHPx activity was considerably increased in brain cytosol fraction. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of silkworm plays an effective role in attenuating an oxidative stress and increasing a scravenger enzyme activity in brain membranes.