• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2007

Precocious metamorphosis was induced in two popular bivoltine breeds i.e. YB and $NB_4D_2$ by an imidazole compound having anti-juvenile hormone activity. The chemical was administered by feeding treatment with mulberry leaf to freshly moulted (0-6 hrs) IV instar larvae. The dose of the chemical was found to be breed specific being 650 ppm for YB and 500 ppm for $NB_4D_2$. The chemical caused complete skipping up of the fifth instar larvae which is most susceptible to diseases. But IV instar was somewhat prolonged. As a result the total larval period was reduced by 4-5 days. However, some of the rearing and reeling parameters like cocoon yield, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell %, filament length and fecundity were reduced for that particular generation only. The effective rate of rearing (ERR %) was significantly increased in trimoulters during the most unfavourable August - September seed crop season. Number of cocoons / kg and number of male moth were significantly higher in trimoulters. These may be useful for preparation of $multi{\times}bi$ hybrid seed. Fine denier was also found in trimoulter cocoon which is the cause of getting fine silk filament from trimoulter cocoons. Normal mating behaviour and emergence pattern was recorded in trimoulters. Bivoltine trimoulter males also showed competence for mating with multivoltine females. These results suggest the possibility of getting trimoulter males during hot and humid seasons when rearing of bivoltine is almost impossible particularly in Eastern and North Eastern India.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.140-145
• /
• 1997

Silkworm fed on mulgerry leaves with 1000 times diluted Insegar(main component : Fenoxycarb, ethyl-2-(4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethylcarbmate) and its effects was investigated on increase of the 5th larval silkgland weight and silk quality. The oral application of fenoxycarb showed increase of the silkgland weight. The whole period of the silkgland weight falls on the 2nd instar treatment by 13%, the 3rd day of the 4th instar by 111%(3100 mg) and the whole period of the 5th instar treatment rather decreased it by 66%(497 mg), as compared to 1470mg of the control. Female and male both increased 15%(1779mg) and 12%(1554mg) of the silkgland weight with the 2nd instar treatment, as compared to 1548mg and 1391mg in control, respectively. 118%(3368mg) and 104%(2832mg) of increase in the silkgland weight were also showed with the 3rd day of the 4th instar treatment but 70%(463mg) and 61%(539mg) of decrease were shown with the 5th instar treatment. The maximum weight of the middle silkgland weight increased by 6%(1248mg) and 127%(2673mg) with the 2nd instar and with the 3rd day of the 4th instar, respectively but 67%(393mg) of decrease took place, as compared to 1175mg of the control. The maximum increase of the posterior silkgland weight with whole peried of the 2nd instar treatment increased 12%(419mg) and 75%(656mg) and 64%(135mg) of decrease was shown, as compared to 374mg of the control. The oral application of Insegar at the 2nd instar increased 26 m of cocoon length, 4.0 cg of the cocoon filament weight and 0.21d of the silk denier, as compared to 1147 m of the cocoon length, 38 cg of the cocoon filament, 2.99d of the silk denier, weight of cocoon filament and silk denier, respectively but denier variance narrowed to 0.33d, as compared to that of the control.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2006

A breeding programme was initiated during 2001 to introduce sex-limited larval markings to a productive multivoltine breed - BL67 from an inbred sex-limited line, MY1 (SL) maintained at Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore. Introgressive hybridization, recurrent backcrossing for six generations followed by sib-mating resulted in synthesis of a new multivoltine silkworm breed BL67 (SL) with sex-limited larval markings. The new breed was studied for combining ability by crossing with eight bivoltine breeds viz., $NB_4D_2,\;CSR_2,\;CSR_2 (SL),\;CSR_2,\;CSR_4,\;CSR_8,\;CSR_{18}\;and\;CSR_{19}$. General combining ability effects of the new breed showed its superiority over the popular Pure Mysore by expressing significant GCA effects for six out of twelve characters whereas the results are on par with the original multivoltine breed. The hybrid $BL67(SL){\times}CSR2(SL)$ excelled in several quantitative characters such as pupation rate (90.2%), cocoon weight (1.97 g), cocoon shell weight (40 cg), cocoon shell ratio (20.3%), filament length (918 m), denier (2.96), raw silk percentage (14.96%) and neatness (90 p). Studies on cocoon size variability revealed that the cocoons of $BL67(SL){\times}CSR2(SL)$ were found comparatively uniform showing less standard deviation of 6.55 and co-efficient of variation of 3.91 %. The suitability of newly developed breed for easy grain age operation and commercial exploitation with promising hybrid have been discussed.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제45권1호
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 2003

뇌신경세포주(PC12)에 백강잠의 분획물(조추출물)을 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도로 처리한 결과 헥산분획층과 부탄올분획층에서 뇌신경세포성장을 촉진하는 활성을 나타내어 헥산분획물로부터 화합물 4종(Fig.2: compound 1-4)과 부탄올분획물로부터 화합물 5종(Fig.2: compound 5-9)을 분리하여 각각의 화합물에 대하여도 검색한 결과 모두 뇌신경세포주(PC12)에 뇌신경세포 성장 촉진효과를 나타냈으며 특히 이들중 3종(4E, 6E, 2S, 3R)-2-N-Eicosanoy1-4,6-tetrade-casphingadienine,(4E, 6E, 2S, 3R)-2-N-Docosanoyl-4,6-tetradecasphingadienine, Urea)이 화합물은 NGF보다 우수한 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 헥산분획물로부터 분리한 4종의 스핑고신 유도체는 천연에서 처음 보고되는 물질이다. 이러한 결과로부터 백강잠 유래의 유효성분을 함유하는 추출물은 뇌졸중, 뇌허혈, 파킨슨, 노인성치매 및 헌팅턴질환을 포함하는 뇌질환 예방 및 치료를 위한 약학적 제제로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.22-30
• /
• 2013

The reproductive performance of multivoltine breed 'Nistari' and bivoltine breeds as NB18, P5 and a bivoltine hybrid (NB18 ${\times}$ P5) of B. mori were studied in different seasons in terms of total number of eggs laid, unlaid and hatching efficiency of the laid eggs to critically assess the breeds / hybrid potentiality. The bivoltine hybrid showed better performance in all the seasons as compared to the breeds investigated, as expected due to possibility of hybrid vigour. Among the breeds, bivoltine P5 had a better egg laid performance in S1 (February - March), S2 (May - June) and S3 (September - October) seasons but with an increase in the number of unlaid eggs. The hatching percentage, although didn't show any definitive trend, still suggested a marginal better performance in the hybrid. Most importantly, egg laying rhythmicity was studied by mating the female moth at 6.00 a.m. for $3{\frac{1}{2}}$ hours, and subsequently allowing the laying of eggs both under BOD condition ($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $85{\pm}5%$ RH) and at ambient temperature ($23-28^{\circ}C$ and $74.7{\pm}5%$) separately. Maximum (90%) egg laid occurred from 3.30 to 7.30 pm (i.e. 4 - 6 h after decoupling). Similar laying patterns were observed when females where mated at 12 noon and decoupled at 3.30 pm, revealing that late photoperiod and early scotoperiod were favourable for egg laying in case of multivoltine breed and bivoltine prefers late photoperiod for egg laying.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2002

Earlier breeding experiments undertaken at Central Sericultural Research and Training Institute, Mysore, India since a decade had resulted in the development of many productive and qualitatively superior bivoltine hybrids. However, the hot climatic conditions of tropics prevailing particularly in summer are not conducive to rear these high yielding bivoltine hybrids. This has necessitated breeding of compatible bivoltine hybrids for year-round rearing. Accordingly, the Japanese hybrid, B2Ol ${\times}$ BCS12 which was found to be tolerant to high temperature was used as breeding resource material. Following hybridization and selection rearing of silkworms was taken up in SERICATRON (Environmental chamber with precise and automatic control facilities for uniform maintenance of temperature and humidity) at high temperature of $36{\times}1^{\circ}C$ and 85${\times}$5% RH in fifth instar and the control batches at $25{\times}1^{\circ}C$ and 65{\times}$5% RH. Directional selection was resorted to the batches reared at 36$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ till F$_{5}$ keeping pupation rate as important selection criteria. From $F_{2}% onwards the experiment was modified in such a way as to conduct normal rearing every alternate generation to regain the lost vitality due to continuous exposure to high temperature and high humidity stress. At $F_{2}$ , Oval and dumb-bell cocoons were separated out and designated as CSR18 and CSR19, respectively. By utilizing these lines at $F_{12}$, the hybrid CSR18$\times$CSR19 was prepared and studied for the thermotolerance by subjecting to stress condition at high temperature of 36$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$ and 85$\pm$5% RH in fifth instar and the control batches at $25{\times}1^{\circ}C$ and 65${\times}$5% RH. The better performance of CSR18${\times}$CSR19 (survival > 88%) at $36{\times}1^{\circ}C$ clearly indicates the general superiority of CSR18${\times}$CSR19 with regard to high temperature tolerance over the productive hybrids and CSR18$\times$CSR19 can perform well in varied agro-climatic conditions of the tropics with optimum qualitative and quantitative characteristics.s.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 1985

가잠의 인고사료육에 있어서 핵다각체 바이러스 및 세포질 다각체 바이러스에 대한 품종별 저항성을 비교하고 이병잠의 각 조직에 있어서의 변화와 전기영동에 의한 체액 단백질의 변화를 비교, 분석하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 공시 잠품종 중 NPV에 비교적 저항성이 높은 품종은 잠107$\times$잠108 이었으며 CPV에 대한 저항성 단품종은 잠119$\times$잠120이었다. NPV를 경구접종 하였을 때 저농도(104, 105/ml)에서는 잠107$\times$잠108이 다른 품종에 비하여 낮은 치사율을 보였으나, 농도가 증가함에 따라 품종에 관계없이 높은 치사율을 보였다. CPV를 경구접종 하였을 경우 저농도(104, 105/ml)에서는 잠119$\times$잠120이 다른 품종에 비하여 낮은 치사율을 보였으나, 107~108/ml의 농도에서는 품종에 관계없이 높은 치사를 보였다. NPV에 감수성이 높은 조직은 지방조직진피세포, 기관피막세포 등이며 감염말기에는 진피세포와 지방조직이 완전히 파괴되어 체강중에 유리되었다. CPV의 경우는 중양의 원통세포질에만 감염되어 다각체를 형성하였으며, 일부 세포는 위염중으로 이탈하였다. NPV 이병잠의 체액 단백질 변화는 품종에 관계없이 병세의 진전에 따라 bands가 소실되거나 희미해졌다. CPV의 경우 품종에 관계없이 감염말기에도 bands의 수적인 변화는 없었으며 농도가 옅어진 1~2개의 band를 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.102-112
• /
• 1989

국내에서 보존중인 148개 누에 품종을 공시하여 화용비율, 상견화율, 수견량, 1l과수, 단견중, 견층중, 견층비율, 5령경과일수, 전령경과일수 등 9개 형질을 조사하여 주성분분석과 집락분석방법으로 품종분류를 하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 상관분석결과, 수견량, 단견중, 견층중, 견층비율, 5령경과일수, 전령경과일수의 6개형질은 상호간에 고도의 정의 상관관계를 보였다. 2. 9개 조사형질의 상관계수에 대한 주성분분석 결과, 제일주성분-제삼주성분까지의 3주성분에 의하 전정보량의 약 805가 해소되었으며, 제1주성분은 견생산성인자, 제이주성분은 고치생산성인자로 특징지워졌으며 제삼주성분은 총합특성치의 특성을 정의하기 어려웠다. 3. 주성분 스코아를 이용하여 계산한 city block distance(품종간거리)에 의하여 148개 누에품종은 7개의 품종군으로 분류되었는데, I군은 견생산성이 낮고 고치생산성이 중 정도인 품종군으로 여러 지리적 품종들이 비교적 고루 분포되어 있었으며, II군은 견생산성은 높으나 고치생산성이 낮으며 일본종으로 구성되어 있었다. 제III군은 견 및 고치생산성이 공히 낮은 품종군이었고, 제IV군은 견생산성과 고치생산성이 다같이 가장 우수하였으며 주로 중국품종으로 구성되어 있었다. 제V군은 견생산성은 높으나 고치생산성이 낮았으며 대부분 유럽종으로 구성되어 있었다. 제VI군은 견 및 고치생산성이 낮은 일본종으로 구성되어 있었다. 3. 지리적 품종과 품종군과의 관계에서 중국품종들은 주로 제IV군에 분포되어 있었고 유럽종은 주로 제5군에 분류되었으며, 일본종은 7개의 품종군에 고루 분포되어 유전적으로 가장 다양한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.28-31
• /
• 1982

가잠의 바이러스성 연화병에 대한 저항성의 유전양식을 구명하기 위한 시험을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 유전력 검정 1) FV저항성의 주동인자는 불완전 우성에 의한 상가적효과를 보였다. 2) 미동인자의 효과는 특히 저항성이 강한 계통과 약한 계통과의 교배조에서 나타났다. 3) 유전력은 0.93으로서 거의 유전적 요인에 의한것이며 환경변이는 적다고 생각된다. 2. 원종간의 조합능력 검정 1) 일반조합능력효과는 고도의 유의차가 있었으며, 잠 108이 13.1로 가장 높았고 경추가 -17.7로 가장 낮았다. 2) 특수조합능력효과도 고도의 유의차가 있었으며, 금호$\times$무등에서 13.7로 가장 높았고 잠115$\times$경추에서 -14.8로 가장 낮았다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
• /
• 제55권2호
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2019

혈당 조절에 도움을 줄 수 있는 건강기능식품 기능성 원료로 인증을 받은 동결건조 누에분말의 일반 성분 및 영양 성분에 대하여 보고된 바를 고찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 1. 동결건조 누에분말의 일반 성분은 조단백질 57.7%, 조지방 9.5%, 조섬유 5.4%, 회분 9.3%, 수분 4.7% 내외였다. 식육성 재료나 식용 곤충에 비하여 단백질 성분이 높고 지방 성분은 낮았다. 2. 동결건조 누에분말을 이루고 있는 주요 아미노산은 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid로 아미노산의 조성은 누에의 성장 단계에 따른 차이가 있었다. 3. 동결건조 누에분말은 포화지방산과 불포화지방산이 약 3:7의 비율로 있으며, linolenic acid 34.7%, oleic acid 24.4%, palmitic acid 20.2%, stearic acid 9.2%, linoleic acid 7.7%가 많이 포함되어 있다. 4. 동결건조 누에분말에 많이 포함되어 있는 5대 무기물은 칼륨, 인, 칼슘, 마그네숨, 황 등이 있으며, 그 외에도 구리, 망간, 아연, 철 등의 무기물을 가지고 있다.