• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.9 no.5 s.36
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• pp.601-605
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• 2006

Reliability of the Railway signaling system which is safety critical is determined by reliability of hardware and software. Reliability of hardware is easily predicted and demonstrated through lots of different studies and environmental tests, while that of software is estimated by the iterative test outcomes so estimates of reliability will depend on the inputs. Combinations of inputs to and outputs from the software may be mostly combinatoric and therefore all the combinations could not be tested. As a result, it has been more important to calculate reliability by means of a simpler method. This paper identifies the reliability prediction equation applicable to reliability prediction for railway signaling system software, and performs the simulation of onboard equipment of automatic train control for high speed train to review reliability prediction and validity.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07b
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• pp.1087-1088
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• 2006

In this paper, the inductive power collector using electromagnetic Induction for vehicle such as the PRT(Personal Rapid Transit) system is suggested and some ideas for power collector design to improve the power transfer performance are presented. The inductive power of secondary part is related to amount of linked flux to secondary part by the length of air-gap, which is expected by such a system parameter as mutual inductance. This paper will study for the transfer characteristic of power from input to output and equation including mutual inductance.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 2020

In the neurovascular unit, the neuronal and vascular systems communicate with each other. O₂ and nutrients, reaching endothelial cells (ECs) through the blood stream, spread into neighboring cells, such as neural stem cells, and neurons. The proper function of neural circuits in adults requires sufficient O₂ and glucose for their metabolic demands through angiogenesis. In a central nervous system (CNS) injury, such as glioma, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease, damaged ECs can contribute to tissue hypoxia and to the consequent disruption of neuronal functions and accelerated neurodegeneration. This review discusses the current evidence regarding the contribution of oxygen deprivation to CNS injury, with an emphasis on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated pathways and Notch signaling. Additionally, it focuses on adult neurological functions and angiogenesis, as well as pathological conditions in the CNS. Furthermore, the functional interplay between HIFs and Notch is demonstrated in pathophysiological conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.355-361
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• 2002

There are many economic and operational reasons to integrate fire alarm signaling system with other building automation system. Integration of this requires open network with for the standard communication protocol and careful design practices. The important point for this is also the development of intelligent control modules for replacing the conventional zone adapter in fire system. Therefore, this paper proposes an new conceptual design of the open distributed fire alarm signaling system for the integration of BAS, a new intelligent control modules with LonTalk protocol and a new control modules for power line communication. Newly proposed additions to LonWorks network make it very well suited for integrating fire systems with other building automation sub-systems and another BAS with low cost. Additionally, it is very important that best design practices, test procedures and building codes need to be modernized to accommodate integrated building systems.

• The Korean Ginseng Research and Industry
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.14-23
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1133-1134
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• 2008

There are several international standards, established by IEC, for RAMS management of railway system. Those int'l standards are described only total RAMS management, but RAM and safety activities have dissimilar characteristics. In this paper, we suggest the separated RAMS architecture with RAM and safety activity for railway signaling system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.64-73
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• 2003

There are many economic and operational reasons to integrate fire alarm signaling system with other building automation system Integration of this requires open network with the standard communication protocol and careful design practices. The important point for this is also the development of intelligent control modules for replacing the conventional zone adapter in fire system. Therefore, this paper proposes an new conceptual design of the open distributed fire alarm signaling system for the integration of BAS and a new intelligent control modules with LonTalk protocol. Newly proposed additions to LonWorks network make it very well suited for integrating fire systems with other building automation systems. Additionally, it is very important that best design practices, test procedures and building codes need to be modernized to accommodate integrated building systems.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.201-211
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• 2016

Although the antioxidant and cardioprotective effects of NecroX-5 on various in vitro and in vivo models have been demonstrated, the action of this compound on the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system remains unclear. Here we verify the role of NecroX-5 in protecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity during hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR). Necrox-5 treatment ($10{\mu}M$) and non-treatment were employed on isolated rat hearts during hypoxia/reoxygenation treatment using an ex vivo Langendorff system. Proteomic analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and non-labeling peptide count protein quantification. Real-time PCR, western blot, citrate synthases and mitochondrial complex activity assays were then performed to assess heart function. Treatment with NecroX-5 during hypoxia significantly preserved electron transport chain proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic functions. NecroX-5 also improved mitochondrial complex I, II, and V function. Additionally, markedly higher peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-$1{\alpha}$ ($PGC1{\alpha}$) expression levels were observed in NecroX-5-treated rat hearts. These novel results provide convincing evidence for the role of NecroX-5 in protecting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity and in preserving $PGC1{\alpha}$ during cardiac HR injuries.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

Bacteria communicate with each other through an intricate communication mechanism known as quorum sensing (QS). QS regulates different behavioral aspects in bacteria, such as biofilm formation, sporulation, virulence gene expression, antibiotic production, and bioluminescence. Several different chemical signals and signal detection systems play vital roles in promoting highly efficient intra- and interspecies communication. Gram-negative bacteria coordinate gene regulation through the production of acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs). Gram-positive bacteria do not code for AHL production, while some gram-negative bacteria have an incomplete AHL-QS system. Despite this fact, these microbes can detect AHLs owing to the presence of LuxR solo receptors. Various studies have reported the role of AHLs in interspecies signaling. Moreover, as bacteria live in a polymicrobial community, the production of extracellular compounds to compete for resources is imperative. Thus, AHL-mediated signaling and inhibition are considered to affect virulence in bacteria. In the current review, we focus on the synthesis and regulation mechanisms of AHLs and highlight their role in interspecies bacterial signaling. Exploring interspecies bacterial signaling will further help us understand host-pathogen interactions, thereby contributing to the development of therapeutic strategies intended to target chronic polymicrobial infections.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to screen target-specific inhibitors of ${\beta}$-catenin/TCF signaling whose functional activation plays an important role in early events in carcinogenesis. Methods: To investigate the activation or suppression of ${\beta}$-catenin/TCF transcription, we established a transiently transfected cell line with a constitutively active ${\beta}$-catenin mutant gene whose product is not degraded. This cell line was also co-transfected with luciferase reporter gene constructs containing either an optimized (TOPflash) or mutant (FOPflash) TCF-binding element. We investigated cytotoxic effects using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium salt (MTS) assay. To find effective inhibitors of ${\beta}$-catenin/TCF signaling from medicinal herbs, the crude extracts of 99 types of medicinal herbs were screened using a luciferase assay system in HEK-293 and SH-SY5y cells. Results: At a concentration of $50{\mu}g$/ml, extracts of Angelica koreanae radix, Cannabis sativa semen, Ephedrae intermedia Schrenk radix, and Vitis rotundifolia fruit showed the following inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-catenin/TCF signaling: $40{\pm}5.6%$, $23{\pm}6.1%$, $8{\pm}5.1%$, and $22{\pm}9.8%$ in ${\beta}$-catenin-activated HEK-293 cells and $9{\pm}4.7%$, $39{\pm}8.1%$, $39{\pm}6.4%$, and $42{\pm}10.1%$ in ${\beta}$-catenin-activated SH-SY5y cells, respectively. Crude extracts of E. radix were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, and two non-polar fractions of these extracts showed inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-catenin/TCF signaling. Conclusions: In this study, we established a transiently transfected cell line as a screening system and found that various medicinal herb extracts had inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$signaling.