• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.245-265
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• 2017

Recently, studies on cognitive control revealed that the optimal level of control is determined on the basis of reward and cost. The value of reward can be subjective and therefore, the optimal control strength can vary accordingly. The inconsistent effect of aging on cognitive control can be the result of flexible adjustment of control signal strength made by the older subjects. In other words, the elderly people maintains the ability to set the optimal level of control, which is known as the function of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. On the other hand, the age-related decline in cognitive control is obvious in rule maintenance and inhibition, which has to do with the function of lateral prefrontal cortex. In this study, we had young and old adults perform go-no go task and compared the behavioral and neural results for different reward conditions. Both age groups showed the best performance and the largest ERN amplitude when the reward was most appealing to them. And there was no age effect in ERN amplitude even though older adults' d' and accuracy was inferior to younger participants. These findings suggest that the effect aging on different cognitive control processes can be asymmetric.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the optimal position among three manual muscle tested positions for upper trapezius in which to obtain an isolated upper trapezius EMG signal for the normalization of upper trapezius muscle EMG activity. A total of 28 healthy adult men participated in the experiment. The UT (upper trapezius) and LS (levator scapulae) muscle activities were measured using the TeleMyo 2400T and analyzed using MyoResearch software. The muscle activity of the US and LS was measured by performing three manual muscle test positions for the upper trapezius. The UT/LS ratio during the S-MVIC was 80.25 and was significantly higher than that during the T-MVIC (76.50; p = 0.011) and the C-MVIC (60.95; p < 0.001). And, the UT/LS ratio during the T-MVIC and was significantly higher than that during the C-MVIC (p < 0.001). Based on the results of present study, we suggest a switch from T-MVIC to S-MVIC for the independent normalization reliability of upper trapezius EMG activity. The UT muscle strength or normalization test using S-MVIC will be able to measure muscle strength or activity of UT compared to previous measurement methods.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.86-94
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• 2009

Currently, positioning methods for LBS(Location Based Service) are GPS and network-based positioning techniques that use mobile communication networks. In these methods, however, the accuracy of positioning decreases due to the propagation delay caused by the non-line-of-sight(NLOS) effect and the repeater. To address this disadvantage, the CDMA system uses Pattern Matching algorithm. The Pattern Matching algorithm constructs a database of the propagation characteristics of the RF signals measured during the GPS positioning along with the positioned locations, so that the location can be provided by comparing the propagation characteristics of the received signals and the database, upon a user's request. In the area where GPS signals are not received, however, a database cannot be constructed. There are problem that the accuracy of positioning decreases due to the area without a database Because Pattern Matching algorithm depend on database existence. Therefore, this paper proposed a pilot signal strength prediction algorithm to enable construction of databases for areas without databases, so as to improve the performance of the Pattern Matching algorithm. The database was constructed by predicting the pilot signals in the area without a database using the proposed algorithm, and the Pattern Matching algorithm analysed positioning performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.381-389
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• 2000

Metal matrix composite(MMCs) have been rapidly becoming one of the strongest candidates for structural materials for high temperature application. It is well recognized that MMCs always experience at least one large cool-down from processing temperature before my significant applied service loading. Due to the large difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the fiber and matrix, large thermal residual stresses generally develop in composites. It was reported from many previous studies that the effects of thermal residual stress on mechanical properties and fracture behavior were much more complex and dramatic than conventional engineering materials. Therefore it is crucial to evaluate the effect of heat treatment which changes the characteristic of distribution of thermal residual stress in MMCs. Single fiber composite(SFC) test based on the balance in a micromechanical model is a quite convenient method to evaluate interfacial shear strength(IFSS) and the failure mode of composite. In this study the effect of heat treatment on IFSS and the microscopic failure mechanism of MMC is investigated by combining acoustic emission(AE) technique with SFC test. The characteristic of AE signal, IFSS and microscopic failure mechanism due to heat treatment condition is discussed.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1254-1260
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• 2009

CDMA tele-Controller system is designed with a low power consumption 8 bit microcontroller, ATmega 2560. ATmega 2560 microcontroller consists of 4 UART (Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter) ports, 4 kbytes EEPROM, 256 kbytes flash memory, 4 kbytes SRAM. 4 URAT is used for CDMA modem, communication for GPS module, EEPROM is used for saving a configuration for program running, a flash memory of 256 kbytes is used for storing a F/W(Firm Ware), and SRAM is used for stack, storing memory of global variables while program running. We have tested the communication distance between the coast station and sea by the fabricated control board using 800 MHz CDMA modem and GPS module, which is building for the navigational aid management system by remote control. As a results, the receiving signal strength is above -80 dBm, and then the characteristics of the control board implemented more than 10 km in the distance of the communication.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

In this paper, a folded helical monopole antenna for TDMB receiving and a trapezoidal fractal microstrip patch antenna for GPS were designed and fabricated for the vehicle shark antenna. To minimize null which is generating toward antenna axis direction and to receive both vertical polarization and horizontal polarization for TDMB antenna, we fold 90 degree helical monopole element. GPS antenna to get wide bandwidth and gain improvement was designed an air substrate trapezoidal microstrip patch antenna. Fabricated TDMB and GPS antenna were measured for S11 and radiation pattern, and compared with a commercialized antenna. TDMB antenna shows 3 dB higher antenna gain and receiving signal strength than the commercial one. GPS antenna shows the gain of 4.31 dBi at the resonant frequency, which is $3{\sim}5\;dB$ higher gain over whole operating band and 135MHz wide bandwidth at 2:1 VSWR than the conventional ceramic antenna.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.960-967
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• 2012

Wireless sensor network is used at the environment to obtain nearby information and since such information is transferred through wireless link, it causes unnecessary re-sending and disadvantage of big energy consumption at node. Because of this to select reliable, energy effective link, method of estimating quality on wireless link using RSSI(received signal strength indication), LQI(link quality indication), etc is needed on wireless link. To set up path extending survival time by reducing energy consumption of nodes at the wireless sensor network, the thesis selects with small standard deviation of LQI after obtaining LQI within each path. Additionally, LQI standard deviation routing algorithm is compared based on LQI algorithm such as minimum-LQI, hop-LQI weight and RF output -7dBm. According to the outcome, the algorithm suggested has superior characters such as the number of node, retransmission rate and network life span respectively compared to existing algorithm. Therefore, energy consumption can be efficiently reduced in case that LQI standard deviation routing scheme suggested by this paper is adapted to wireless sensor network.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.3218-3222
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• 2013

Pansori is our traditional vocal sound, originality and excellence in the art of conversation, gesture general became a globally recognized world intangible heritage. Especially, Pansori as shrews and humorous representation of audience participation with a high degree of artistic value and enjoy the arts throughout all layers to be responsible for the social integration of functions is evaluated. Therefore, in this paper, Pansori five yard target speech signal analysis techniques applied to analyze the Pansori acoustic features of a representation of a society and era correlation extraction studies were performed. Pansori on the five yard spectrogram, pitch, stability and strength analysis for this experiment. Pansori through experimental results Comical story while keeping the audience focused and interested to better reflect the characteristics of energy for the wave of voice and vocal cord tremor change the width of a large, stable and voice with a loud voice, that expresses were analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.758-760
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• 2012

The wireless sensor network is used to get information that location tracing or data of surrounding areas. Unnecessary retransmission request or many energy consumption because the transmission over the wireless links. In order to select the link of reliable and energy efficient to estimate the quality of radio link technique is required using RSSI, LQI, and so on. In this paper, each path between the sensor nodes, a small in the path within standard deviation of shall be determined the priority. Each path a high priority of the node values, respectively LQI is accumulated. Node can be selected the high LQI value path. Among them the less hop count to select the path is proposed. The proposed algorithm is removed the paths of shorten life using high the LQI value of the entire and high hop count even less variation. So its advantage that the sensor nodes can be selected more reliable path.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.23-32
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• 2005

The automatic generation of circuit diagrams has been practically used in the HDL based design for decades. Nevertheless, the diagrams became too complicated for the designers to identify the signal flows in the RTL and system level designs. In this paper, we propose four techniques to enhance the roadability of the complicated diagrams. They include i) the transformation of repetitive instances and terminals into vector forms, ii) an improved loop breaking algorithm, iii) a flat tap which simplifies the two level bus ripping structure that is required for the connection of a bundle net to multiple buses, and iv) the identification of block strings, and alignment of the corresponding blocks. Towards validating the proposed techniques, the diagrams of an industrial strength design m generated. The complexity of the diagrams has been reduced by up to $90\%$ in terms of the number of wires, the aggregate wire length, and the area.