• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권2호
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• pp.103-119
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• 2024

The present research investigates the thermodynamically bending behavior of FG sandwich plates, laying on the Winkler/Pasternak/Kerr foundation with various boundary conditions, subjected to harmonic thermal load varying through thickness. The supposed FG sandwich plate has three layers with a ceramic core. The constituents' volume fractions of the lower and upper faces vary gradually in the direction of the FG sandwich plate thickness. This variation is performed according to various models: a Power law, Trigonometric, Viola-Tornabene, and the Exponential model, while the core is constantly homogeneous. The displacement field considered in the current work contains integral terms and fewer unknowns than other theories in the literature. The corresponding equations of motion are derived based on Hamilton's principle. The impact of the distribution model, scheme, aspect ratio, side-to-thickness ratio, boundary conditions, and elastic foundations on thermodynamic bending are examined in this study. The deflections obtained for the sandwich plate without elastic foundations have the lowest values for all boundary conditions. In addition, the minimum deflection values are obtained for the exponential volume fraction law model. The sandwich plate's non-dimensional deflection increases as the aspect ratio increases for all distribution models.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.218-222
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• 1984

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 1984년(年) 7월(月) 6일(日)부터 8월(月) 3일(日)까지 28일간(日間), 분만모돈(分娩母豚) 40두(頭)와 분만자돈(分娩仔豚) 420두(頭)를 가지고, 분만(分娩), 포유(哺乳), 수안행동(睡眼行動)을 조사하고자 실시(實施)하였던 바, 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 분만모돈(分娩母豚)은 분만시(分娩時) 좌(左) 우(右)로 누워서 분만(分娩)했으며, 분만(分娩)도중 50%는 분만자세(分娩姿勢)를 바꾸었다. 출생(出生) 자돈(仔豚)의 65.5%는 앞쪽으로 출산(出산)하였다. 포유자세(哺乳姿勢)는 좌측(左側)으로 눕는것이 51.3%였다. 2. 자돈분만시간(仔豚分娩時間)은 239.3분(分)이었고, 자돈(仔豚)과 자돈(仔豚)의 분만간격(分娩間隔)은 19.3분(分)이었다. 3. 분만후(分娩後) 첫 번째 젖을 빨려는 시도는 분만후(分娩後) 24.3분(分)이었으며, 젖꼭지 결정시기는 분만후(分娩後) 31.9시간(時間)이었다. 4. 분만일(分娩日) 자돈(仔豚)의 포유시간(哺乳時間)과 포유회수(哺乳回數)는 각각(各各) 35.8초(秒)와 24.6회(回)/1일(日)이었으며, 포유기간(哺乳期間)이 경과할수록 포유시간(哺乳時間)과 포유회수(哺乳回數)가 단축되었다. (P<.01, P<.05) 포유간격(哺乳間隔)은 분만일(分娩日)에 58.5분(分)이었으며, 포유기간(哺乳期間)이 경과할수록 포유간격(哺乳間隔)이 길어졌다. 5. 포유모돈(哺乳母豚)은 하루중 깨어있는 시간이 31.7%, 쉬는 시간이 51.6%이었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1200-1209
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• 2001

Objective : A thorough understanding of the related venous structure is mandatory for successful removal of the petroclival meningiomas. This study was planned to investigate the guideline for safe ligation and incision of transverse or sigmoid sinuses and the importance of drainage pattern of vein of $Labb{\acute{e}}$ in surgical removal of petroclival meningiomas. Patients and Methods : The authors reviewed the venogram of the consecutive 37 cases of petroclival meningiomas and retrospectively analyzed their surgical findings. The drainage pattern of confluence of Herophili was classified as Type A(confluent & equal on both sides), Type B(confluent & non-dominant on tumor side), Type C(confluent & dominant on tumor side) and Type D(unilateral drainage only) as these findings gave the information on safe ligation and resection of the sinus. Usefulness of intraoperative test clamping of sinus for safe ligation was also reviewed. The vein of $Labb{\acute{e}}$ was analyzed with respect to its draining point and its collaterals to other superficial veins. Results : Contraindications of the sinus ligation and resection according to the drainage pattern at the confluence of Herophili were Type C(n=10, 27%)and Type D(n=4, 11%). Patients with Type A(n=12, 32%)and Type B(n=11, 30%) were tolerable to sinus ligation ipsilateral to tumor, if the test clamping proved to be safe. Identification of no brain swelling, after intraoperative test clamping of the sinus for more than 30 minutes performed in 7 out of 11 cases, was a reliable indicator of safe sinus ligation. The drainage pattern of the vein of $Labb{\acute{e}}$, especially low-lying type, could predict the possibility of postoperative hemorrhage and infarction. Its drainage into tentorium or superior petrosal sinus, however, made the transtentorial approach impossible, leading to restricted operative field. Conclusion : For a successful removal of the petroclival meningiomas preoperative venogram should be examined carefully. The extent of exposure in a planned approach can be estimated by analyzing the variation of sinuses and the drainage pattern of vein of $Labb{\acute{e}}$.

• 한국자연치유학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

배경: 자가 중력 지압 프로그램 참여 후 내반슬이 개선되는 사례가 개별적으로 확인되고 있으나 체계적인 관찰이 진행되지 못한 상태이다. 목적: 자가 중력 지압 프로그램을 실시 후 무릎 내측 각도의 변화를 후향적으로 관찰하여 자가 중력 지압 프로그램이 내반슬 교정에 미치는 효과를 평가하기 위함이다. 방법: 내반슬이 관찰되는 50명을 대상으로, 지압 도구 위에 누워서 75분간 지압 프로그램을 수행한 후 프로그램 실시 전후 무릎 내측 각도의 변화를 비교했다. 결과: 연구대상자들의 무릎 내측의 평균 각도는 지압프로그램 실시 후 좌측 7.29±3.85° (p < .000), 우측 7.08±3.86° (p < .000) 증가하여 연구 대상자의 내반슬이 유의하게 개선되는 것이 확인됐다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 자가 중력 지압 프로그램이 내반슬 교정에 활용될 수 있다는 가능성을 제시한다. 본 연구의 결과를 임상적으로 활용하기 위해, 자가 중력 지압 프로그램이 내반슬을 개선하는 효과에 대한 기전 및 임상적 효과를 최적화하는 추후 연구가 요구된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권4호
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• pp.411-417
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• 2024

Objective : To confirm the usefulness of the extradural anterior clinoidectomy during the clipping of a low riding posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm through cadaver dissection. Methods : Anatomic measurements of 12 adult cadaveric heads (24 sides total) were performed to compare the microsurgical exposure of the PCoA and internal carotid artery (ICA) before and after clinoidectomy. A standard pterional craniotomy and transsylvian approach were performed in all cadavers. The distance from the ICA bifurcation to the origin of PCoA (D1), pre-anterior clinoidectomy distance from the ICA bifurcation to tentorium (D2), post-anterior clinoidectomy distance from the ICA bifurcation to tentorium (D3), pre-anterior clinoidectomy distance from the tentorium to the origin of PCoA (D4) and post-anterior clinoidectomy distance from the tentorium to the origin of PCoA (D5) and the distance of the ICA obtained after anterior clinoidectomy (D6) were measured. We measured the precise thickness of the blade for the Yasargil clip with a digital precision ruler to confirm the usefulness of the extradural anterior clinoidectomy. Results : Twenty-four sites were dissected from 12 cadavers. The age of the cadavers was 79.83±6.25 years. The number of males was the same as the females. The space from the proximal origin of the PCoA to the preclinoid-tentorium (D4) was 1.45±1.08 mm (max, 4.01; min, 0.56). After the clinoidectomy, the space from the proximal origin of the PCoA to the postclinoid-tentorium (D5) was 3.612±1.15 mm (max, 6.14; min, 1.83). The length (D6) of the exposed proximal ICA after the extradural clinoididectomy was 2.17±1.04 mm on the lateral side and 2.16±0.89 mm on the medial side. The thickness of the Yasargil clip blade used during the clipping surgery was 1.35 mm measured with a digital precision ruler. Conclusion : The proximal length obtained by performing an external anterior clinoidectomy is about 2 mm, sufficient for proximal control during PCoA aneurysm surgery, considering the thickness of the aneurysm clips. In a subarachnoid hemorrhage, performing an extradural anterior clinoidectomy could prevent a devastating situation during PCoA aneurysm clipping.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.589-599
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 서해 명사십리 일대의 제 4기 극한재해 퇴적기록 보존지역을 선정하기 위해, 1918년 일제 강점기 지형도, 2000년 수치지형도, 1976년 항공사진 및 2012년 항공사진을 이용하여 작성한 수치표고모델과 지표이용도를 순차 비교 분석하여 연구지역의 퇴적환경 및 지표환경 변화를 고찰하였다. 연구지역의 지형적 특징은 지난 100여 년간 큰 변화가 없었으나 연구지역의 북부와 남부에는 고도의 변화폭이 상대적으로 큰 구릉지가 위치하고 해안에 평행하게 사구가 발달하며 연구지역 남부 사구의 후면으로 내륙에 평탄한 저지대가 위치한다. 연구지역 유수 및 퇴적물의 이동 방향을 분석한 결과 사구에서 내륙으로 이동하는 흐름과 내륙의 높은 지대에서 해안으로 이동하는 흐름이 연구 지역 중부를 가로지르는 하천을 향하여 이동하며 중남부 용정리와 남부 자룡리의 평탄한 저지대에 각각 $0.2km^2$의 넓이를 가지는 저수지역을 형성할 수 있다. 또한 연구지역 해수면 변화기록을 보존하는 지역을 찾기 위하여 해수면을 상승시킨 결과 해수면이 3 m 상승했을 때 침수되는 지역은 1918년 $3.4km^2$, 2000년 $3.64km^2$으로 저수지역이 형성되는 위치와 중첩되며 남부의 평탄한 저지대가 해수범람 퇴적층의 형성이나 퇴적물의 집적에 용이한 환경임을 지시한다. 100여 년간 인간의 활동으로 인한 지표 환경 변화가 제한적이었던 지역은 약 $3.51km^2$의 면적으로 연구지역 중부에서 남부에 분포하며 1918년에는 점토 퇴적지, 논으로 활용되었고 2012년에 이르러서는 모두 논으로 이용되고 있다. 연구지역의 퇴적환경과 지표이용변화를 중첩 분석한 결과, 제4기 퇴적기록을 보존하고 있을 가능성이 가장 높은 지역은 연구지역 중부에 약 $0.15km^2$, 남부에 $0.09km^2$의 면적으로 존재하며 이 지역을 중심으로 과거 이상기후 퇴적기록을 연구하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 기대된다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.210-214
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure the muscle architectural parameters of abdominal muscles in healthy individuals by rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI) and to investigate their changes after bridging exercise in various environments. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The study included 40 healthy participants (19 men, 21 women). Subjects were randomly allocated to a stable surface group (SG, n=20) or an unstable surface group (UG, n=20). The participants assumed three positions in rest, bridging exercise with knee flexion $60^{\circ}$, and bridging exercise with knee flexion $90^{\circ}$ for the measurement of abdominal muscle thickness by RUSI. For the resting position, the participants held the head neutral in a hook-lying position and the dominant side was measured. For contraction, the participants performed the bridging exercise with the knee joint in $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ of flexion for 10 seconds each. Results: For transversus abdominis, external oblique muscle thickness, within the stable surface group and the unstable surface group, no significant contraction difference was observed in both the $60^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ bridge exercise conditions. Contraction difference of internal oblique muscle was significantly larger at $90^{\circ}$ than at $60^{\circ}$ within the SG (p<0.05). But within the UG, no significant contraction difference was shown. There was no significant contraction difference between the surface group and the unstable SG at $60^{\circ}$ condition and at $90^{\circ}$ condition in all measured muscles. Conclusions: The contraction difference is different for each muscle during bridge exercise with knee flexion $60^{\circ}$ and bridging exercise with knee flexion $90^{\circ}$. Muscle contraction difference is generally large when exercised on an unstable surface than a stable surface, but these are not statistically significant when bridging exercise is performed using dynamic air cushion for unstable surface.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the agreement of manual muscle testing (MMT) and test-retest reliability of a hand held dynamometer for the posterior gluteus medius muscle, with and without lumbar stabilization, using a pressure biofeedback unit for patients with low back pain. The pressure biofeedback unit was used to minimize the substitute motion of the lumbopelvic region during hip abduction in patients lying on their side. Fifteen patients with low back pain participated in this study. A tester determined the MMT grades of the posterior gluteus medius with and without the pressure biofeedback unit. Active hip abduction range of motion with an inclinometer and the strength of their posterior gluteus medius using a hand held dynamometer were measured with and without the pressure biofeedback unit in the MMT position. The agreement of the grade of muscle strength in the MMT, and intra-rater reliability of both the active hip abduction range of motion and the strength of posterior gluteus medius were analyzed using the weighted kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. The agreement of MMT with the pressure biofeedback unit (weighted kappa=.92) was higher than the MMT (weighted kappa=.34)(p<.05). The inclinometer with pressure biofeedback unit measurement of the active hip abduction range of motion had an excellent intra-rater reliability (ICC=.90). Also, the hand held dynamometer with pressure biofeedback unit measure of strength of the posterior gluteus medius had a good intra-rater reliability (ICC=.85). Therefore, the test for muscle strength with pressure biofeedback unit will be a reliable method for the determination of the MMT grades or amount of posterior gluteus medius muscle strength and the measurement of the range of motion for hip abduction in patients with low back pain.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.174-193
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• 2023

우리나라는 지형적으로 바다로 둘러싸여 있으며 내륙 곳곳에 바다로 이어지는 강들이 분포한다. 이러한 지형 특성에 의해 예로부터 바다를 통하여 세계 여러 나라와 교류 및 해전이 있었으며 강에서는 나루터를 두어 세금으로 지불되는 곡식, 물품을 운송하는 선박 운항 및 승객 수송을 하는 등 바다와 강은 과거부터 우리나라의 삶에 많은 영향을 주었다. 그로 인해 바다나 강 속에는 많은 문화유산이 존재하고 있을 것으로 예상되며 이러한 문화유산은 과거의 사회와 문화 이해 및 한 국가의 정체성을 나타내므로 이를 찾기 위한 노력이 계속되고 있다. 하지만, 수중문화유산은 바다나 강 속에 있어 육안 관찰의 어려움과 접근이 제한된 환경으로 인해 발견하기가 매우 어렵다. 이와 같은 문제를 극복하기 위해 지구물리탐사 기법을 활용할 수 있다. 지구물리탐사 기법은 탄성파의 반사와 굴절의 물리적 성질을 이용해 수중지형조사, 수중저면조사 및 지층조사를 수행하여 수중에 있는 물체나 지층이 갖는 물리적 특성을 감지하고 그 차이를 분석하여 수저면 위에 놓여 있거나 매장되어 있는 수중문화유산을 조사한다. 수중지형 조사에는 음향측심기를 사용하고 수중저면조사에는 측면주사음파탐지기를 사용해 수저면에 놓여 있거나 일부 노출된 수중문화유산을 탐사할 수 있다. 지층조사는 탄성파지층탐사기를 사용해 해저에 매장되어 있는 수중문화유산을 찾을 수 있다. 다만, 현재까지는 국내에서 발견된 수중문화유산은 어로 작업 중이던 어부나, 낙지잡이, 잠수사에 의해 우연히 발견되었다. 본 연구에서는 수중문화유산 탐사를 목적으로 수행된 지구물리탐사 기반의 수중지형조사, 수중저면조사 및 지층조사에 대한 최신 해외 연구 동향을 분석 정리해 국내의 수중문화유산 탐사 기법 연구에 기여하고자 한다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2008

The acupuncture and moxibustion documentary characteristics of the "Dong-insuhyeolchimgudogyeong(銅人腧穴鍼灸圖經)" can be summarized into 5 parts such as the following. 1. The Index of Books lists the author of "Dong-indogyeong" as 'Wang-yuil(王惟一)' in some and 'Wang-yudeok(王惟德)' in others. Of these 'Wang-yudeok' is the name in the printed book and 'Yuil(惟一)' was the name it was changed into in order to make it different from the emperor Jinjong(眞宗) of the Song dynasty. Also, the sequence differs greatly among the original editions and sometimes even conflicts within itself, which makes very likely the possibility that the author of this book is not just one person, and that Wangyuil is just the main editor or screener. 2. The original printed edition of the Song(宋) dynasty has 3 volumes and the Cheonsoeng Seokgak(天聖 石刻) of the Song dynasty also has 3 volumes, but 'Hyeolsudosu(穴腧都數)', 'Sumyeongdanggyeolsik(修明堂訣式)', and 'Pichimgugyeol(避鍼灸訣)' were added to the 3rd volume. Of these three 'Pichimgugyeol(避鍼灸訣)' explains the 'Chimgupigijido(鍼灸避忌之圖)' of the 2nd volume in writing, 'Sumyeongdanggyeolsik(修明堂訣式)' explains the three human drawings from the front, side and lying down views in writing and was used to make bronze figures. 'Hyeolsudosu(穴腧都數)' was possibly used to draw acupuncture points when making bronze figures. During the Daejeong(大定) era of the Keum(金) dynasty Jinssi(陳氏) from the Pyeongsuseobang(平水書坊) revised this book and carved it into 5 volumes, and of those the 1st and 2nd volumes have characters that are very different from those of the rubbed copy of the stone carvings[石刻 拓本] from the Myeong(明) dynasty, which shows that it was taken from another book and not from the original text. The 3rd volume has added content from the stone carvings about accupuncture and moxibustion contraindication(鍼灸禁忌). During the Myeong dynasty the 3 volumes of the "Dong-indogyeong(銅人圖經)" were carved on wood based on the Jungtong Sukgan(正統 石刻), and there were many reprints with the contents that are almost all the same, but the order of the original edition were not all the same. When analyzed from many angles, the original printed copy was carved after the Jungtong(正統) of the Myung dynasty. 3. The content on transport points[輸血] in "Dong-indogyeong(銅人圖經)" comes mostly from books like "Oedae(外臺)" 'Myeongdang(明堂)', "Taepyeongseonghyebang(太平聖惠方)" 'Chimgyeong(鍼經)', "Yeongchugyeong(靈樞經)", Wangbing(王冰)'s annotation of "Somun(素問)", "Cheon-geumyobang(千金要方)" 'Chimgu(鍼灸)', and does not have much new content added by Wang-yuil(王惟一). However when Wang quotes past documents, little is summarized, some are edited and most do not have their origin indicated(the titles of other books quoted in the book are to give some supplementary explanation or are copied from another book). 4. There are many mistakes Wangyuil made in using documents and doing historical research and they can be seen in two fields. One is that he did not fix the errors of past documents, and the other is that he did not know the sequence of past documents or did not understand the meaning of the text. 5. The content Wangyuil newly added can mostly be seen in the few annotations and aneo(按語) under the original 'Geumbu(今附)'('Sinbu(新附)'). In order to see Wang's scholarly ideas and achievements we must rely on this part and the meridian entry of the transport points[輸血歸經] in the first part of the book. However we must not give credit to Wang for work that was done by former generations.