• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.208-215
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• 1998

Since the advent of conceptual prototype and seminal application, the notion of national systems of innovation(NSI) has drawn an increasing recognition. Although the morphological entanglement is still ubiquitous and the theoretical underpinning is fragile, NSI seems to be the last step toward an increasingly complex and encompassing concept of innovation research. Inevitably, NSI necessitates the comparative analysis in that it normatively attempts to draw best practices. Unfortunately, national profiles are too complex and diverse to derive a unified, concrete representation of the system, posing the problem of defining and modelling NSI for international comparison. This paper aims at providing an inductive taxonomy of NSI based on R&D structure of OECD member economies. Based on the similarity among national profiles, clustering method was applied to identify seven clusters such as (1) enterprise-government funding and enterprise-education performing group, (2) enterprise-government funding and balanced performing group, (3) balanced funding and enterprise-education performing group, (4) balanced funding and performing group, (5) enterprise-dominating group, (6) government-education dominating group and (7) government-education funding and education performing group. This paper by nature is descriptive and exploratory. R&D structure represents a static snapshot of innovative performance since it accounts for only the input side of NSI and thus may not offer convincing explanations of the holistic innovation system. A more detailed and extensive analysis on the economic/technological performance across clusters will shed light on the promising avenue to future research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.104-110
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• 2012

It is a common practice to design basement walls acting as a one-way slab or plate with idealized boundary conditions, resulting in potentially inefficient design. The walls are often supported by buttress columns and side walls in the vertical direction, thereby acting as a two-way slab. In this study, structural behavior of single-story, three-span basement wall subjected to lateral soil pressure was investigated. Three dimensional finite element analyses were conducted to determine the force distribution on the wall. Based on the numerical studies, a regression analysis was carried out to determine the design values of moments in vertical and horizontal directions as well as shear forces on the wall and design charts are developed. The proposed design method with accompanying design charts would enable practicing engineers to estimate member forces on the wall for preliminary design purpose without resorting to finite element analysis. Numerical examples demonstrated the applicability of the proposed method.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 1987

Stop-hole method is one of the conventional methods for the temporary repair or reinforcement of the member in the case that the structural steel member has a fatigue crack. In this study, the stop-hole method. have been estimated quantitatively in terms of survival life time of the side edge cracked specimen. For this purpose, fatigue tests have been performed on the test specimens and the fatigue crack growth rates of the structural steel (SS41) members have been measured under load of constant amplitude. The results of this experiment show that it is desirable to use the stop-hole method before the crack reaches the region of elasto-plastic behaviour.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2008

Generally, there are several types in rear suspension. The rear suspension of subframe type consisting of side member and front/rear cross member is widely used in a medium car and full car. In the small car case, the beam of tubular type without independent suspension system is used to reduce manufacturing cost. The optimized rear suspension of subframe type using hydroforming method has been developed in this study. In designing suspension, the driving stability and durability performance should be considered as an important factor. The stability is related to dynamic frequency and durability is connected with stress analysis of structure. We focus on increasing the stiffness of suspension and decreasing the maximum stress relating to durability cycle life. For making use of the merits of hydroforming which is possible to make the bead, tube expansion, and feeding in desiring position, several optimization design techniques such as shape, size, and topology optimization are proposed. This optimization scheme based on the sensitivity can provide distinguished performance improvement in using hydroforming. Through commercial software based on the finite element, the superiority of this design method is demonstrated.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2019

As a part of the research on existing structures of private homes from Joseon Era. Focusing on one hundred twenty five-purlin houses, the current study investigated the features and characteristics of the house structure from style, size, proportion and roof pitch, and measurements of key parts, and developed the following conclusions. Most are single-houses (89, 83%), and among them, there are 47 single front-terrace houses (39%), which is the highest number. The sizes of lower house structure do not differ greatly depending on the vertical structure, and single rear terrace house and double-house have relatively larger side sizes. The size of upper structure is larger in double-houses compared to other vertical structures, indicating a relatively higher roof. The cross-section measurement of major parts show that double-houses are larger than single-houses by 3cm in pillar, 3-4.5cm in crossbeam length, and 4.5cm in crossbeam width. However, Janghyeo width was consistent at 7.5 to 10.5cm, maintaining uniformity regardless of vertical structure of the houses. In addition, the cross-section measurements decreased from sixteenth to nineteenth century, with the size of pillar size decreasing the most. The result that the Janghyeo width is not related to the house structure house confirmed that the Janghyeo width was kept consistent regardless of the size of the house structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.257-266
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• 2009

The results of the analysis of the structural behavior of diagrid nodes that were subjected to cyclic loads such as wind and earthquakes was not fully understood due to difficulties in considering the welding type. In this study, diagrid nodes were tested to determine their behavior when they are subjected to seismic or wind loads. Five specimens were designed and fabricated. The corresponding test parameters were the welding type for each point and the length of the overlap of the side stiffener and the brace web. Tensile force was applied to one diagrid brace member, and compression force was applied to the other diagrid brace member. Cyclic loading was applied until the failure. The test showed that failures are due to axial stress from axial force and the additional bending moment of the two combined axial forces that have different directions. Tensile failure was observed from the tensile force, and local buckling was observed from the compressive force at the flange of the brace member. In addition, the welding type and the length overlap affected the initial stiffness, the yielding stress, and the energy absorption of the diagrid node.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.4250-4267
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• 2015

Although many revocable group signature schemes has been proposed in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), the existing schemes suffer from long computation delay on revocation that they cannot adapt to the dynamic VANETs. Based on Chinese remainder theorem and Schnorr signature algorithm, this paper proposes an efficient revocable group signature scheme in VANETs. In the proposed scheme, it only need to update the corresponding group public key when a member quits the group, and in the meanwhile the key pairs of unchanged group members are not influenced. Furthermore, this scheme can achieve privacy protection by making use of blind certificates. Before joining to the VANETs, users register at local trusted agencies (LTAs) with their ID cards to obtain blind certificates. The blind certificate will be submitted to road-side units (RSUs) to verify the legality of users. Thus, the real identities of users can be protected. In addition, if there is a dispute, users can combine to submit open applications to RSUs against a disputed member. And LTAs can determine the real identity of the disputed member. Moreover, since the key pairs employed by a user are different in different groups, attackers are not able to track the movement of users with the obtained public keys in a group. Furthermore, performance analysis shows that proposed scheme has less computation cost than existing schemes.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.671-677
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) on envy and counterproductive behaviors (CWB) moderated by similarity. Specifically, we focused on the negative side of LMX to examine the relationship between LMX and envy, and the mediating role of envy on the relationship between LMX and CWB. Further, we also examined the moderating role of similarity on the relationship between envy and CWB. Given that CWB can be harmful to any organizational, it was worthwhile to find possible antecedents of CWB, envy and LMX. A total number of 238 employees participated in this study and the results supported our hypotheses. The results of this study can have managerial implications, showing the important role of manager's personalized treatment for each of his/her subordinates.

• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.85-103
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• 2020

Objective : A common treatment for hypothyroidism is to supplement the deficient hormones. However, taking hormone medication does not improve clinical symptoms or side effects, so it is necessary to develop other improved treatments. The purpose of this study is to report that the Korean medicine treatment along with Whidam's Gokgol(CV2) Sugi therapy has improved symptoms of hypothyroidism and related the level of TSH, free T4 after halting the use of levothyroxine. Methods : We employed Korean medicine treatment; herbal-medication(延齡固本丹 and 加減平胃散), acupuncture, and cupping therapy, and so forth. At the same time, we treated the patient with Whidam's Sugi therapy(especially, Gokgol Sugi therapy). We treated the patient more than five times a week for the first month and treated more than three times a week for the next three months. Since then, we have treated the patient once or twice a week. The patient took a total of four blood tests during her treatment in 2012 and 2017. Results : 1. Both TSH and free T4 levels and clinical symptoms were normalized for patient with hypothyroidism who stopped taking levothyroxine by treating the patient with Korean medicine treatment and Whidam's Sugi therapy. 2. The combination of Korean medicine treatment and Whidam's Sugi therapy was also used in the case of subclinical hypothyroidism patient. 3. The combination of Korean medicine treatment and Whidam's Sugi therapy for hypothyroidism lasted for five years, not just for a short period of time. Conclusions : The combination of Korean medicine treatment and Whidam's Sugi therapy(especially, Gokgol Sugi therapy) was effective in the treatment of hypothyroidism and it helped to normalize the level of TSH, free T4. It is hoped that further clinical research will continue in the future so that it can be used not only for hypothyroidism but also for other endocrine diseases.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.38
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• pp.229-262
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• 2008

With the introduction of supply chain management concept, the nature of a firm is fundamentally changed. Control is no longer based on direct control of the business processes, but rather based on integration across member organizations in the supply chain. Firms are trying to achieve a competitive edge by managing their supply chain performance to gain advantages in cost and service differentiation. The supply chain elements of a sea port involves ILSP (Inbound Logistics Service Provider) at the input side and OLSP (Outbound Logistics Service Provider) at the output side. The goal of sea port is to satisfy the needs of different parties, both upstream and downstream, in the chain with greater effectiveness and efficiency than it's competitors. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to derive conceptualization of the SCP (Supply Chain Performance) in the sea port from literature review on the previous researches and to tackle their theoretical and practical implications. The paper deals with conceptualizing SCP in sea port using the SCOR (Supply Chain Operation Reference) model. It incorporates both the effectiveness and efficiency aspects of performance measurement. And it also recognizes customer related reasons for measuring performance.