• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.67-84
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to see how the stability of posture due to elastic band during plank movement affects walking. Thirty healthy men in their 20s were given a total of 30 minutes of 10 general plank exercises, 10 plank exercises with two hip joints adduction, and 10 plank exercises with one hip joint adduction. The plank movement was conducted three times a week for a total of six weeks, with a five-minute warm-up. The results of this study are as follows: There was a significant difference between period and group interactions on cadence (p<0.05), with significant difference between the period and group between the left foot on stride length of the left side foot (p<0.05), with significant difference between the period and the period of the interaction between the right foot and the period on stride length of the right side foot (p<0.05), and a one-step change between the right foot and the military interaction on Step time of the right side foot(p<0.05). The conclusion of this study is that the resistance movement on the adduction of both hips increases the instability of the trunk over the normal plank movement and adduction of one hip, thereby enhancing walking ability along with the stability of the trunk.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2008

Objectives : Oriental Medicine Music Therapy is a new way of treating and preventing various diseases and promoting health by means of music specially picked and designed to produce Qi(氣) fitting to an individual person in the areas of the structure of human body, physiological function, pathological change, diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it can facilitate the efficiency of the treatment much better and faster than only with herb or acupuncture. Equilibrium between body and mind is its originality. Methods : A 38-year old man came to hospital suffering from left side weakness, dysarthria because of cerebral infarction. After one week's medication in the part of neurology, he was sent to the oriental medicine music therapy center, and he took ten times' medical treatments once a day. Before and after the treatments, implementing 'Ink foot print analysis', as for the movement capacity and walking of left side weakness, these results are acquired. Results and Conclusions : 1. Before the oriental medicine music therapy, except the acceleration and deceleration section, within three meters, a right foot's step was measured 30.55 cm and a left foot was measured 15.2 cm, and the step distance was 15.2 cm. After the 10 times treatments, the right foot's step was 112.6 cm, the left foot's step was 113 cm, and the step distance improved to 51.8 cm. 2. The normal person's average step is about 38 cm, and it could be decreased owing to a decreptitude, pain, fatigue, and the weakness of the legs. In spite of all, from the increased 50 cm step measurement with the patient's body condition, it means that his movement capacity is recovered. 3. In the measurement of walking time, before 10 times treatments, it took 46.35 seconds within 6M, but after the treatments, it increased to 7.47 seconds as same as a normal person's walking speed. 4. In insomnia, and the abnormality of a facial muscle, it shows lots of improvement, and even the accuracy of a pronunciation, but despite of the 10 times treatments, the 'ㄹ(r)' sound placed under a vowel is unclear. 5. Before the 10 times' treatments, he can move the left side shoulder with pain and cannot move below the left elbow. After the treatments, the pain was disappeared, and he was able to move over 60 cm without pain. And improving of the movement of fingers, he can beat over 8 times with a drumstick.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.843-853
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of elderly pedestrian accidents and to suggest policy implications to enhance the level of elderly pedestrian safety. Although much efforts has made to enhance traffic safety environment, pedestrian traffic accidents among elderly population are not significantly decreased. This is mainly because current traffic safety measures do not much consider the characteristics of elderly pedestrians in the aspects of physical and psychological conditions. Main findings from vehicle-pedestrian traffic accident data and survey are as follows. First elderly pedestrians have high probability of traffic accident near crosswalks or cross streets rather than on crosswalk or cross streets. Second they need more green light time for crossing the streets. Third, they feel motor cycles running on the side walk and parked vehicles on the side walk are the most dangerous factors. Forth, general drivers do not have reasonable understanding for the walking behaviors of elderly pedestrians. Fifth, elderly pedestrians frequently need to rest while walking. Sixth, elderly people do not see clearly or understand traffic signs. Finally, many elderly pedestrians experience accidents or inconvenience while walking on the sidewalk.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to present direction in outdoors space planning and design after direction through user characteristic analysis through spectacle component establishment of culture art center outdoors space through on-the-site analysis and literature investigation to culture art center of Seoul city and capital region 17 places in this research. The data was collected from classification and bisection kind, subdivision kind, and great classification composed to 17 items. User satisfaction side and Variable that is looked below satisfaction than average appeared to bench, pergola, sculpture facilities, pavement facilities, border facilities. And these facilities were analyzed dissatisfaction. When see satisfaction model, when make up culture art center or similar facilities in local government hereafter because parking facilities and rest area cause big effect in satisfaction, is judged that is item to consider most preferentially. In most case, parking lot security from outdoors space, resting place security, security of field performance facilities etc. taking a serious view because tendency that users see performance or use most vehicles except neighborhood walking area for a rest, a walk etc.. is trend. But, is judged that physical side so that can feel satisfaction as space security of quantitative side is important but users utilize substantially and side that is the program are more important in hereafter.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1774-1778
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• 2019

Background : Methods of wearing a baby carrier have suggested; however, there have been no studies suggesting ideal ways. Objective : To investigate muscular fatigue and balance of the waist during baby carrier are worn on the front, the side, and the back of the body. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind) Methods : The subjects of this study were 20 healthy men and women in their 20s, who underwent tests of muscular fatigue and balance of the waist bones based on types of wearing baby carrier. Electromyogram (EMG) patches were attached to the L2 and the L4 for testing muscular fatigue, while a device for measuring proprioceptive senses was used to assess balance ability. The measurements were performed before wearing the baby carrier and after 30 minutes of normal walking. The methods of wearing the baby carrier included wearing on the front, the side, and the back of the body. Results : The time taken to adjust the balance was shorter than other types of wearing during the baby carrier were worn on the side, and the ratio of lumbar flexion and relaxation was shown insignificant. Conclusions : These results suggested that wearing the carriers on the side was most effective on reducing fatigue and enhancing balance ability of the waist.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.25-29
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• 2011

Purpose : We investigated the effect of anti-flexion taping at the proximal interphalangeal joints on the gait in stroke patients with clawing toe. Methods : Nineteen patients (mean age $63.26{\pm}9.16$ years) with clawing toe were studied. Gait performance was measured under two different conditions : (1) non-tape (2) application of tape. Gait velocity, step time and stride length were examined with the GAITRite system Results : Compared to the non-tape control condition, step time of the hemiparetic side increased significantly after the application of tape(p=0.03). There was no significant mean differences between the taped and control conditions for stride length of the hemiparetic side and velocity. Conclusion : Whilst the anti-flexion tape at the proximal interphalangeal joints changed the walking by providing significant step time effect, positive changes were noted in stride length of the hemiparetic side after tape application. These findings indicate that anti-flexion tape procedures do not significantly alter stride length of the hemiparetic side and velocity.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2014

Objective: This study aimed to identify how various applications of weight bearing on the affected side of hemiplegia patients affect the ability of balance keeping of the affected leg and the gait parameters. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Eighteen patients with hemiplegia participated in this study. There were twelve males and six females. This study investigated the effects of the single-leg stance exercise on dynamic balance, weight bearing, and gait ability compared with four conditions. Dynamic balance and weight bearing were measured using the step test (ST) of the affected side in stroke patients. In addition, gait parameters were measured using the optogait system for analysis of the spatial and temporal parameters of walking in stroke patients. Results: This study investigated the effect of the single leg stance exercise on the paralysis side. The ST showed significant findings for all conditions (p<0.05). Therefore, knee extension and flexion exercise on the affected side single-leg stance (condition 4) significantly improved dynamic balance and weight bearing on the affected side (p<0.05). In the condition of moving the knee joint in a single-leg stance was discovered that the stance phase time significantly increased more than in the condition of supporting the maximal voluntary weight on the affected side (p<0.05). Conclusions: Single-leg stance on the paralysis side with knee flexion and extension increased symmetry in weight bearing during stance phase time. This study suggests that single-leg stance exercises augments improved gait function through sufficient weight bearing in the stance phase of the affected side.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 1997

The purpose of this study wa9 to analyse the gait patterns of two female children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy by using the three-dimensional video motion analysis technique. Case 1 has mild spastic hemiplegia on the right side while Case 3 has moderate spastic hemiplegia on the left side. A group of 10, normal female children of the same age(7-8 years old) were selected as the control group for comparison. Time and distance variables as well as the Center of Mass displacement, and the pelvic and joint motions in three anatomical planes were analysed for this purpose. The following observations were made through the analysis : Case 1 revealed an asymmetrical gait pattern in which the step length of the unaffected side was shorter than that of the affected side, which wan a result of the effort to minimize loading on the affected leg by shortening the swing phase of the unaffected leg. Case 1 scored similar phase ratios, cadence and walking velocity to the normal group. A slight posterior tilt of the pelvis was observed throughout the gait cycle. Less hip and knee flexion than the normal group was observed, and demonstrated hyperextension of the knee in the terminal stance phase. The main problem in case 1 originated from the insufficient dorsiflexion of the affected foot during the swing phase. Therefore, Case 1 has difficulty with foot clearance in the swing phase. Usually, this is compensated for by using exessive hip abduction and medial rotation in conjuction with trunk elevation as well as increased vortical displacement of the center of mass. Case 1 revealed a foot-flat initial contact pattern. Case 2 was characterized by a consistent retraction ef the affected aide of the body througout the gait cycle, As a result, an asymmetrical gait pattern with increased stance phase ratios of the unaffected side was observed. In spite of this the step lengths of both sieds were similar. Case 2 scored lower cadence and walking speed than the normal group with lower gait stability. The main problem in Case 2 originated from an excessive plantaflexion of the affected foot which, in turn, rebutted in high hip and knee flexion. Hyperextension of the knee was observed at mid-stance, and execessive anterior tilt of the pelvis throughout the gait cycle was noticed. A gait pattern with high hip abduction and medial circumduction was maintained for the stability in the stance phase and foot clearance in the swing phase. Case 2 revealed a forefoot-contact initial contact pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.879-883
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• 2015

Conventional gait rehabilitation requires at least three therapists in a traditional rehabilitation training program. Several robots have been developed to reduce human burden and increase rehabilitation efficacy. In this study, we present a lower-limb wearable robot (WA-H) for gait rehabilitation of hemiplegia patients, and propose a protocol of 12 weeks gait rehabilitation training program using WA-H. To identify the efficacy of the robot and protocols, we conducted a clinical study with two actual hemiplegia patients and observed a chronological change of ambulation ability through four assessments. We discovered the progression of results by 6 minute walking test, TUGT (Timed Up and Go Test), SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery), BBS (Berg Balance Test), and Fugl-Meyer score. The torques generated in the normal side and paralyzed side of the patient became similar, indicating rehabilitation. The result also showed the walking of the paralysis patient improved and imbalance motion had considerable improved performance.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to determine effects of 12-week wearing of unstable shoe on the standing posture and gait mechanics. Nine healthy men were asked to wear the unstable shoes for 12-week and walk for 30 minute everyday. Their standing posture and gait mechanics were measured before and after treatment. Standing posture was measured for each side(anterior, posterior, lateral) for standing position. And gait analysis was measured joint angle of a right lower limb between first right heel contact and second right heel contact. Kinematic data were collected using video camera at 30 frame per seconds. Statistical analysis was paired t-test(p<.05) to compare before training with after that. A head tilt angle was significantly decreased for posterior side(p<.05). The angle of between center of line and surface was significantly decreased at midstance and take off during walking(p<.05). Ankle dorsiflexion significantly increased at heel contact2(p<.05) and ankle plantarflexion significantly increased at midstance and midswing(p<.05). The increase of ankle dorsiflexion showed that our results consisted with previous study. In conclusion, there was not large significant difference in static standing posture but joint angle of lower limb represented many changes with increasing of ankle motion during walking. These were of benefit to body by increasing leg muscle activity but it was necessary for man having a ankle problem to consider. Further studies concerning optimum outsole angle of unstable shoes are necessary.