Inter-port competition is fiercer than in the past because of technological evolution in transport systems : the increasing side of containerships implies only a few calls in three or four ports at each end of the trade and the rest of the traffic being served by smaller feederships. It is therefore essential for big ports to be selected as one of these calls by the main shipowners, consortia and alliances to avoid rmarginalisation. In order to compete effectively, many ports have been obliged to modernise and extend considerably its existing ports or to build new port facilities. With the advent of major environmental legislation around the world, however, amenities such as fish and wildlife, clean air and water, access to the waterfront, and view protection took on greater importance. Ports are now being forced to incorporate environmental considerations into their planning and management functions in order to avoid additional costs or timing delays. The aim of this paper is to analyse the port value by which port comparison(or selection) will be made with HFP(Hierarchical Fuzzy Process) method. This was done by extracting and grouping the evaluation factors of port value by port experts : facility and location factor, logistics service factor environment and amenity factor, city and economic factor, and human and system factor. For empirical test of this method, 6 major ports in Northeast Asia were chosen and analysed. The order of importance for five evaluation factors were 1) facility and location factor 2) logistics service factor 3) human and system factor, 4) city and economic factor, and 5) environment and amenity factor. This means that geographical location and logistics services are still being considered as the most important factor to call the port by port users. even though environment and amenity factor shows relatively low figure. Among 6 major ports, Port of Kobe was ranked the first position in a comprehensive evaluation, while Ports of Busan and Kwangyang were 4th and 5th respectively. This implies that Port of Busan should make much efforts to enhance the existing facilities as well as management system.
This study aims to examine the traditional living space to reflect the environment-friendly design methods and principles of reestablishment. To do so, this study carried on a related literature study and field survey. The traditional living space in terms of the environmental friendliness is reflected on site selection and space composition, and utilization of natural energy and natural materials. Focused on the Kwangajeong in Yangdong Village, this study is to identify eco-friendly techniques on the traditional living space. As a result, it shows that Kwangajeong with the side of the southeast in site selection had been considered in aspect of environmental control such as sunshine and solar radiation. Also building construction techniques had been used to minimize the variation of terrain. In aspect of environmental conservation, Kwangajeong had structurally arranged the gate, an inner yard and an inner floor to allow good ventilation. In aspect of space composition, Kwangajeong with the emphasis of scenic view had utilized the methods that attract external landscape through the control of its fences. Environment-friendly techniques and control principles in traditional space had been developed by a long experience through the long periods and the traditional techniques suitable for local climate and local environment have been developed. The technical development of these techniques to resolve the global environmental and energy issues and create a more pleasant living environment of human beings might be critical.
Chung, Hak Jae;Sa, Soo Jin;Baek, Sun Young;Cho, Eun Suek;Kim, Young Shin;Hong, Jun Ki;Cho, Kyu Ho;Kim, Ji Youn;Park, Mi Ryung;Kim, Kyung Woon
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.20
no.9
/
pp.306-314
/
2019
As dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) inhibitors are used widely as a secondary treatment for type 2 diabetes because they tend to be well tolerated with minimal side effects, the human DPP-4(hDPP-4) gene was injected into a pig zygote through micro-injection, and 1-cell stage fertilized embryos were then transplanted surgically into the oviduct. Three pigs were fertilized with hDPP-4 genes and produced sixteen piglets, in which one male piglet was identified to be transgenic. Finally, transgenic pigs showing hDPP-4 gene expression in the tail were produced. Western blot and RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the hDPP-4 is expressed strongly in the membrane cells of the transgenic pig, and that the hDPP-4 gene appears in various tissues and tails. This suggests that the expression vector is normally expressed in transgenic pigs. These results are anticipated to be a model animal to check the endocrine function for insulin resistance that occurs in a hDPP-4 transgenic pig and to increase its value for use as a material in newly developed medicines.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.22
no.1
/
pp.621-626
/
2021
In this study, data on the study site for apartment construction was acquired, and the quantity of construction waste was calculated using a drone and mobile 3D laser scanner. The accuracy of the drone was 0.034 to 0.064m in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, and the mobile 3D Laser Scanner showed an accuracy of 0.018 to 0.049m in the horizontal direction, respectively. These results suggest that it is possible to construct spatial information using a drone and mobile 3D laser scanner with a value within the allowable accuracy of 1:1,000 digital terrain. The volume of construction waste calculated using the mobile 3D laser scanner data was 70,797㎥. It was possible to calculate the volume on the side of the building or some facilities that appeared as shaded areas in the drone outcomes. In addition, modeling was performed for view analysis of the apartments scheduled to be constructed and the terrain-based modeling results of the surrounding buildings. In the future, data construction and accuracy evaluation using mobile 3D laser scanners will be conducted. In addition, additional research comparing existing methods and work processes will be carried out, and the efficiency of mobile 3D laser scanners in the field of spatial information construction can be presented.
Lee, Ghang Shin;Lee, Dong Min;Hwang, Soon Cheon;Kwon, Wan Taeg
The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
/
v.20
no.6
/
pp.117-132
/
2021
Due to the terrain in Korea, there are many road sections passing through mountainous areas. During the winter, there is a higher risk of traffic accidents, due to black ice caused by the lack of sunlight. Despite domestic road freezing safety measures, accidents caused by road freezing results in severe traffic accidents. Under these considerations, this study analyzed whether traffic safety signs that change in response to the external temperature help drivers recognize frozen road segments. The study was conducted through analysis of the effect of the signs on a driver's perspective. For the signs under development, out of the signs designed by experts, the sign design which received the highest visibility and effectiveness evaluation ratings from the general public was selected. The sign was implemented through Virtual Reality (VR) and installed on the right side of the road to analyze the effect on gazing and driving behavior. As a result of analyzing the driver's driving behavior, a speed reduction of about 7km/h or more was found in the sign section. Therefore, It was found that the existence of the sign had a strong relationship with the rate of the drivers' speed reduction.
Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
/
v.24
no.5
/
pp.375-393
/
2022
This study was deal with blow-out and buoyancy stability evaluation method for slurry shield TBM. When applying a slurry shield TBM for the construction of a shallow tunnel under river or sea, the stability of slurry blow-out and segment lining buoyancy should be evaluated. However, there is a problem in that the currently applied theoretical formula is somewhat complicated, making it inconvenient to calculate in practice. In this study, some simple charts were proposed to easily evaluate the stability of slurry blow-out and segment lining buoyancy. In addition, the buoyancy safety factor of segment lining using the strength reduction method was evaluated and compared with the buoyancy safety factor based on the theoretical formula. The buoyancy safety factor by the theoretical formula was evaluated to be rather small, and it was confirmed that it was on the safe side. The simplified charts for the evaluation of slurry blow-out and buoyancy stability presented in this study are expected to be usefully utilized in the planning and design of undersea tunnels.
Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
/
v.50
no.1
/
pp.24-34
/
2023
The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the effects of pulp treatment on exfoliation of primary teeth and its related factors. In this study, 167 teeth of 97 patients aged 6 months to 12 years who were treated with pulp treatment at Dankook Dental Hospital were selected, and information related to pulp treatment and tooth loss was collected. The included subjects were 72 primary anterior teeth (43.1%) and 95 primary posterior teeth (56.9%), of which 56 were males (57.7%) and 41 females (42.3%). The mean follow-up period was 106.1 ± 38.7 months, and the mean age at pulp treatment was 34.8 ± 15.4 months for primary anterior teeth and 69.1 ± 25.1 months for primary posterior teeth. Unilaterally pulpectomized teeth were significantly exfoliated earlier than the same tooth on the opposite side (p < 0.05). Also, in the case of teeth with periapical lesions, despite pulp treatment, the probability of extraction due to infection has been increased on primary anterior teeth (p < 0.05), but not on posterior teeth (p > 0.05). Pulpectomized teeth were lost earlier, an average of 7.8 months for primary anterior teeth and 8.5 months for primary posterior teeth. Early loss of the primary tooth can lead to space loss and premature eruption of the successor, so this can be considered when planning or performing treatment of the primary tooth.
Kim, In Woo;Chae, Seung Hoon;Kim, Min Jung;Kim, Bo Gyoum;Kim, Chan Yong;Park, So Yeon;Yoo, Suk Hyun
The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
/
v.26
no.2
/
pp.321-327
/
2014
Purpose : To verify the accuracy of the Ecilpse's dose calculation algorithm(AAA:Analytic anisotropic algorithm) in case of a radiation treatment on Inhomogeneous tissues using FFF beam comparing dose distribution at TPS with actual distribution. Materials and Methods : After acquiring CT images for radiation treatment by the location of tumors and sizes using the solid water phantoms, cork and chest tumor phantom made of paraffin, we established the treatment plan for 6MV photon therapy using our radiation treatment planning system for chest SABR, Ecilpse's AAA(Analytic anisotropic algorithm). According to the completed plan, using our TrueBeam STx(Varian medical system, Palo Alto, CA), we irradiated radiation on the chest tumor phantom on which EBT2 films are inserted and evaluated the dose value of the treatment plan and that of the actual phantom on Inhomogeneous tissue. Results : The difference of the dose value between TPS and measurement at the medial target is 1.28~2.7%, and, at the side of target including inhomogeneous tissues, the difference is 2.02%~7.40% at Ant, 4.46%~14.84% at Post, 0.98%~7.12% at Rt, 1.36%~4.08% at Lt, 2.38%~4.98% at Sup, and 0.94%~3.54% at Inf. Conclusion : In this study, we discovered the possibility of dose calculation's errors caused by FFF beam's characteristics and the inhomogeneous tissues when we do SBRT for inhomogeneous tissues. SBRT which is most popular therapy method needs high accuracy because it irradiates high dose radiation in small fraction. So, it is supposed that ideal treatment is possible if we minimize the errors when planning for treatment through more study about organ's characteristics like Inhomogeneous tissues and FFF beam's characteristics.
False alarm of Electronic security causes various serious side effects such as decrease of electronic security guard's morale caused by unnecessary mobilization, increase of fatigue caused by workload increase, increase of electronic security company owner's management burden and decrease of electronic security service utilization rate caused by customer's distrust. Therefore, the study considered the Korean regulation related with false alarm of electronic security and proposed actual status of false alarm and measure for it. The study proposed systematic resolution assignments and political assignments in relation with the measure for false alarm. Systematic resolution assignments are as follows. First, electronic security company should construct electronic security system accurately from the initial step of security consulting and security planning related with target facility. Second, it is necessary to encourage installation and operation of video monitoring system. Third, sensor wiring should be separated. Fourth, the measures for false alarm depending on main system causes should be prepared. It is necessary to encourage the installation of 'arming disarming alarm sound' generator. In addition, the measures for false arm depending on the characteristics of sensor should be prepared and standardized. Fifth, system maintenance should be reinforced. Political assignments related with the measures for false alarm are as follows. First, it is necessary to reinforce education & training. Individual nurturing & education process should be run by electronic security company or the education focusing on the measure for false alarm should be performed in job training defined in "Security Industry Act". Second, it is necessary to establish and reinforce legal regulation and establish device. If police authority standardizes the documents related with false alarm, provides their forms and requires them for periodical reports or documents, it is expected that good measures for false alarm will be prepared on the basis of actual data in the future. Third, cooperation organization to discuss the measures for false alarm like 'Conference for False Alarm of Electronic Security' should be organized and operated. Fourth, interest and role of electronic security company and electronic security supervisor should be enlarged.
Kim, Tae Woan;Kim, Dae Woong;Kim, Jae Weon;Jeong, Kyeong Sik
The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
/
v.28
no.2
/
pp.139-148
/
2016
Purpose : Range Compensator used for proton therapy compensates the proton beam dose which delivers to the normal tissues according to the Target's Distal Margin dose. We are going to check the improvement of dose on the target part by comparing the dose of PTV and OAR according to applying in different method of Smooth Thickness of Range Compensator which is used in brain tumor therapy. Materials and Methods : For 10 brain tumor patients taking proton therapy in National Cancer Center, Apply Smooth Thickness applied in Range Compensator in order from one to five by using Compensator Editor of Eclipse Proton Planning System(Version 10.0, Varian, USA). The therapy plan algorithm used Proton Convolution Superposition(version 8.1.20 or 10.0.28), and we compared Dmax, Dmin, Homogeneity Index, Conformity Index and OAR dose around tumor by applying Smooth Thickness in phase. Results : When Smooth Thickness was applied from one to five, the Dmax of PTV was decreased max 4.3%, minimum at 0.8 and average of 1.81%. Dmin increased max 1.8%, min 1.8% and average. Difference between max dose and minimum dose decreased at max 5.9% min 1.4% and average 2.6%. Homogeneity Index decreased average of 0.018 and Conformity Index didn't had a meaningful change. OAR dose decreased in Brain Stem at max 1.6%, min 0.1% and average 0.6% and in Optic Chiasm max 1.3%, min 0.3%, and average 0.5%. However, patient C and patient E had an increase each 0.3% and 0.6%. Additionally, in Rt. Optic Nerve, there was a decrease at max 1.5%, min 0.3%, and average 0.8%, however, patient B had 0.1% increase. In Lt. Optic Nerve, there was a decrease at max 1.8%, min 0.3%, and average 0.7%, however, patient H had 0.4 increase. Conclusion : As Smooth Thickness of Range Compensator which is used as the proton treatment for brain tumor patients is applied in stages, the resolution of Compensator increased and as a result the most optimized amount of proton beam dose can be delivered. This is considered to be able to irradiate the equal amount at PTV and reduce the unnecessary dose applied at OAR to reduce the side effects.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.