• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

In KSC 3706, the gymnasiums are classified according to their size(small, medium, large) and there are two kinds of illumination arrangement method for them such as Side and Distributed. The characteristic of the distributed illumination arrangement method is excellent in uniformity and the characteristic of the side illumination arrangement method is excellent in glare. but illuminations were so diverse that features are not always applicable. So in this paper, in this paper, We analyzed characteristic of distributed illumination arrangement method and side illumination arrangement method using nine illumination.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.909-919
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• 2003

Two-dimensional flow over a pair of circular cylinders in a side-by-side arrangement at low Reynolds numbers has been numerically investigated in this study Numerical simulations are performed, using the immersed boundary method, for the ranges of 40$\leq$Re$\leq$160 and $g^{*}$＜5, where Re and $g^{*}$ are, respectively, the Reynolds number and the spacing between the two cylinder surfaces divided by the cylinder diameter. Results show that a total of six kinds of wake patterns are observed over the ranges: antiphase-synchronized, inphase-synchronized, flip-flopping, single bluff-body, deflected, and steady wake patterns. It is found that the characteristics of the flow significantly depends both on the Reynolds number and gap spacing, with the latter much stronger than the former. Instantaneous flow fields, time traces, flow statistics and so on are presented to identify the wake patterns and then to understand the underlying mechanism. Moreover, the bifurcation phenomenon where either of two wake patterns can occur is found at certain flow conditions.ons.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1869-1879
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• 2004

The present study has numerically investigated two-dimensional flow over three circular cylinders in an equidistant side-by-side arrangement at a low Reynolds number. For the study, numerical simulations are performed, using the immersed boundary method, in the range of g* < 5 at Re= 100, where g* is the spacing between two adjacent cylinder surfaces divided by the cylinder diameter. Results show that the flow characteristics significantly depend on the gap spacing and a total of five kinds of wake patterns are observed over the range: modulation-synchronized (g* (equation omitted) 2), inphase-synchronized (g* (equation omitted) 1.5) , flip-flopping (0.3 < g* (equation omitted) 1.2) , deflected (g* (equation omitted) 0.3), and single bluff-body patterns (g* < 0.3). Moreover, the parallel and symmetric modes are also observed depending on g* in the regime of the flip-flopping pattern. The corresponding flow fields and statistics are presented to verify the observations.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.655-667
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• 2010

In this study, problems with table serving of Korean Jeollanamdo food were investigated, and methods for improvement were suggested. The manner of food serving and arrangement on tables, as well as the serving space in each case, were investigated in representative restaurants serving Jeollanamdo food. The results showed that most of the Jeollanamdo Korean food have a prototype of a flat serving sprea, wherein the main dish and side dishes are not clearly identified, the demarcation between shared space and personal space is insufficiently made for each serving on the table, and the table is full of side dishes, that are narrow, visually disordered and unhygienic, both in terms of the table setting and arrangement inside bowls. To provide sufficient eating space, elevate awareness of hygienic and clean serving, and identifying the main dish in the table setting, a serving method that is a compromise between the flat spread-out and time-series development was suggested, and an arrangement on the table was defined for the main dish and side dishes. The utilization of table space was also increased by reducing the number of dishes on the table at a given moment. In addition, the dish or bowl and arrangement inside the container were changed in order to distinguish the main dish and side dishes. It is suggested that some of tableware be linked with the special products of the locality so as to make a brand for them, and that a personal mat be used to arrange the tableware for each one, since there are many fermented food items (salted fish, kimchi, fermented paste and sauce, etc.) and boiled food items (stew, steamed dish, boiled dish in sauce, etc) that look dark and unfocused. In addition, it is suggested that the width and breadth of the dishes or bowls be set in an orderly manner. Considering the tables currently available at restaurants, personal space on a table and comfortable distance between eaters are suggested to be $400 mm{\times}250 mm$ and 300 mm, respectively.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.38
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• pp.75-82
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• 2003

The symmetry is general geometric design principal in contemporary architecture shape. But, Symmetry sometimes easily causes unreasonable design. In some reason, two of symmetric units in the apartment, one side of unit have very reasonable plan and arrangement but opposite side unit nay not. For example, if the kitchen on right unit had right-handed arrangement, the symmetrical other would have left-handed kitchen arrangement. In addition to this, if each house unit has the same plan but different direction, each unit has different usage or affects the residents' life pattern. Nevertheless, Architects use only one unit plan to design public housing development by using symmetric operator (mirror, proper rotation, inversion center) at their option. This study suggests that using group theory and mathematical matrix rather than designer's discretion can solve this symmetry problem clearly. And, this study analysis the merits and demerits between each symmetrical pair of unit plan shapes by using mathematical point group theory and matrix.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2019

Vortex-induced vibration of three circular cylinders (each of diameter D) in an equilateral triangular arrangement is investigated using the immersed boundary method. The cylinders, with one placed upstream and the other two side-by-side downstream, are free to vibrate in the cross-flow direction. The cylinder center-to-center spacing L is adopted as L/D = 2.0. Other parameters include the Reynolds number Re = 100, mass ratio $m^*=2.0$, reduced velocity $U_r=2{\sim}15$ and damping ratio ${\zeta}=0$. Cylinder vibration responses are dependent on $U_r$ and classified into five regimes, i.e. Regime I ($U_r{\leq}3.2$), Regime II ($3.2<U_r{\leq}5.0$), Regime III ($5.0<U_r{\leq}6.4$), Regime IV ($6.4<U_r{\leq}9.2$) and Regime V ($U_r>9.2$). Different facets of vibration amplitude, hydrodynamic forces, wake patterns and displacement spectra are extracted and presented in detail for each regime.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.25-33
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• 2012

Armed helicopter is an integral part of armed forces, which conducts vital missions, such as anti-armor attack, close air support, escorting air assault operations, and reconnaissance. A typical cockpit arrangement of armed helicopters has been a tandem configuration. This is to reduce the frontal area, which in turn increases the forward speed as well as reduces the chance of being hit by enemy fires. However, many armed helicopters in the world are now being developed as a side-by-side configuration. Such configuration is quite different from the conventional cockpit arrangement in light of the crew communications and situational awareness. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to find the optimized combination of mission tasks among pilots in a side-by-side configuration cockpit by measuring the workload using the NASA Task Load Index method. The experimental results indicate that the workload of crew members differ as disparate tasks are being performed.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

A developed code is applied to simulate relative motion of floating bodies in a side-by-side arrangement, including effects of a fender and a hawser. The developed code is based on the flux-difference splitting scheme for immiscible incompressible fluids and the hybrid Cartesian/immersed boundary method. To validate the developed code for free surface flows around deforming boundaries, the water wave generation is simulated, which is caused by bed movement. The computed wave profile and time histories of wave elevation are compared with other experimental and computational results. The effects of a fender and a hawser are modeled by asymmetric force acting on the floating bodies according to a relative displacement with the bounds, in which the fender and the hawser exert no force on the bodies. It has been observed that the floating body can be accelerated by a gap flow due to a phase difference caused by the free surface. Grid independency is established for the computed time history of the body velocity, based on three different size grids.

• 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.12a
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• pp.78-85
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• 2006

Flows around two oscillating cylinders in side-by-side arrangement at Re=185 are simulated using immersed boundary method. The cylinders oscillate vertically with prescribed sinusoidal function in opposite directions in uniform cross-flow. Flow patterns and drag & lift forces are described by varying distance between two cylinders and oscillating frequency. Time series of flow patterns are investigated along with corresponding drag k lift coefficients.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.111-120
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• 2012

PURPOSES : This study is to suggest suitable lighting facility installation plans by finding out driver's preference for combination of lighting facility installation among landscape factors that affect driver visibility in tunnels. METHODS : SD method is used to extract emotional factors that affect drivers' preference, Components of tunnel lighting facility installation are evaluated through conjoint analysis and it suggested relative importance of attributes and utility values. RESULTS : In the aspects of satisfaction levels of components of tunnel lighting facility installation, Tunnel side, two lows, and solid line arrangement type has the highest level of satisfaction. Extract emotional factors that affect drivers' preference are "safety", "openness" and "amenity." In addition, the result of analyzing relative importance of attributes of tunnel lighting facility shows that numbers of lighting array has the highest importance and lighting facility arrangement has the lowest importance. Result of analyzing partial utility shows that the 2 low type among number of lows, the solid line arrangement type between arrangement types, placing in the middle part among lighting facility arrangement were highly preferred. CONCLUSIONS : In the case of lighting numbers, utility values of the first line and the second line showed us a big difference. Increasing the number arrays in the future reformation of lighting facility installation combination will be effective in enhancing the utility of the driver.