• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.99-108
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• 1996

The microstructure and bond strength are examined on the SiC/SiC and SiC/mild steel joints brazed by the Ag-Ti based alloys with different Ti contents. In the SiC/SiC brazed joints, the thickness of the reaction layers at the bond interface and the Ti particles in the brazing alloy matrices increase with Ti contents. When Ti is added up to 9 at% in the brazing alloy. $Ti_3SiC_2$ phase in addition to TiC and $Ti_5Si_3$ phase is newly created at the bond interface and TiAg phase is produced from peritectic reaction in the brazing alloy matrix. In the SiC/mild steel joints brazed with different Ti contents, the microstructure at the bond interface and in the brazing alloy matrix near SiC varies similarly to the case of SiC/SiC brazed joints. But, in the brazing alloy matrix near the mild steel, Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds are produced and increased with Ti contents. The bond strengths of the SiC/SiC and SiC/mild steel brazed joints are independent on Ti contents in the brazing alloy. There are no large differences of the bond strength between SiC/SiC and SiC/mild steel brazed joints. In the SiC/mild steel brazed joints, Fe dissolved from the mild steel does not affect on the bond strength of the joints. Thermal contraction of the mild steel has nearly no effects on the bond strength due to the wide brazing gap of specimens used in the four-point bend test. The brazed joints has the average bond strength of about 200 MPa independently on Ti contents, Fe dissolution and joint type. Fracture in four-point bend test initiates at the interface between SiC and TiC reaction layer and propagates through SiC bulk. The adhesive strength between SiC and TiC reaction layer seems to mainly control the bond strength of the brazed joints.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.104-114
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• 1997

The microstructure and bond strength were investigated on the SiC/SiC and SiC/mild steel joints brazed by Ag-5at%Ti alloy. Ag-5at%Ti-2at%Fe and -5at%Fe brazing alloys were also used to see the effects of Fe addition on the bond strength of SiC/SiC brazed joints. Brazing temperature and brazing gap were selected and examined as brazing variables. The microstructure of SiC/SiC brazed joints was affected by Fe addition to the Ag-5at%Ti alloy, but the bond strength was not. Increasing brazing temperature also changed the microstructure of $Ti_5Si_3$ reaction layer and brazing alloy matrix of the SiC/SiC and SiC/mild steel joints, but not the bond strength. Brazing gap had a great effects on the bond strength. Decreasing brazing gap from 0.2 mm to 0.1 mm in SiC/SiC brazing increased the bond strength from 187 MPa to 263 MPa and, in SiC/mild steel brazing, from 189 MPa to 212 MPa. It was concluded that the most important parameter on the bond strength in SiC/SiC and SiC/mild steel brazing was the relative ratio between brazing gap and specimen size.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.281-290
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• 2011

In order to gain better understanding of the selective surface oxidation and its influence on the galvanizability of a transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) assisted steel containing 1.5 wt.% Si and 1.6 wt.% Mn, a model experiment has been carried out by depositing Si and Mn (each with a nominal thickness of 10 nm) in either monolayers or bilayers on a low-alloy interstitial-free (IF) steel sheet. After intercritical annealing at $800^{\circ}C$ in a $N_2$ ambient with a dew point of $-40^{\circ}C$, the surface scale formed on 590 MPa TRIP steel exhibited a microstructure similar to that of the scale formed on the Mn/Si bilayer-coated IF steel, consisting of $Mn_{2}SiO_{4}$ particles embedded in an amorphous $SiO_{2}$ film. The present study results indicated that, during the intercritical annealing process of 590 MPa TRIP steel, surface segregation of Si occurs first to form an amorphous $SiO_{2}$ film, which in turn accelerates the out-diffusion of Mn to form more stable Mn-Si oxide particles on the steel surface. During hot-dip galvanizing, particulate $Fe_{3}O_{4}$, MnO, and Si-Mn oxides were reduced more readily by Al in a Zn bath than the amorphous $SiO_{2}$ film. Therefore, in order to improve the galvanizability of 590 TRIP steel, it is most desirable to minimize the surface segregation of Si during the intercritical annealing process.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.233-238
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• 2010

Hot-dipped Al-Mg-Si coatings to alternate Zn and Zn alloy coatings for steel were examined on metallographic structure, corrosion resistance, sacrificial ability, formation and growth of inter-metallic compounds, and mechanical properties. Near the eutectic composition of quasi-binary system of Al-$Mg_2Si$, very fine eutectic structure of ${\alpha}$-Al and $Mg_2Si$ was obtained and it showed excellent corrosion resistivity and sacrificial ability for a steel in sodium chloride solutions. Formation and growth of Al-Fe inter-metallic compounds at the interface of substrate steel and coated layer was suppressed by addition of Si. The inter-metallic compounds layer was usually brittle, however, the coating layer did not peel off as long as the thickness of the inter-metallic compounds layer was small enough. During sacrificial protection of a steel, amount of hydrogen into the steel was more than ten times smaller than that of Zn coated steel, suggesting to prevent hydrogen embrittlement. Al-Mg-Si coating is expected to apply for several kinds of high strength steels.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2021

Al-Si coated boron steel has been widely used as commercial hot stamping steel. When the steel is heated at 900~930℃ for 5 min in an electric furnace, thickness of the coating layer increases as a consequence of formation of intermetallic compounds and diffusion layer. The diffusion layer plays an important roll in blunting the propagation of crack from coating layer to base steel. Change in microstructure and coating layer of Al-Si coated boron steel after conductive heating with higher heating rate than electric furnace has been investigated in this study. Conductive-heated steel showed the martensitic structure with vickers hardness of 505~567. Both intermetallic compounds in coating layer and diffusion layer were not observed in conductive-heated steel due to rapid heating. It has been found that the conductive-heating consisting of rapid heating to 550℃ which is lower than melting point of Al-Si coating layer, slower heating to 900℃, and then 1 min holding at 900℃ is effective in forming intermetallic compound in coating layer and diffusion layer.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.315-318
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• 2008

The atmospheric corrosion performance of Al-alloying, Si-alloying and Al-Si-alloying steel were studied by wet/dry cyclic corrosion tests (CCT) at $30^{\circ}C$ and 60% relative humidity (RH). The corrosion electrolyte used for CCT was 0.052 wt% $NaHSO_{3}$ (pH~4) solution. The result of gravimetry demonstrated that Al-Si-bearing steels showed lower corrosion resistance than other rusted steels. But the rusted 0.7%Si-alloying steel showed a better corrosion resistance than rusted mild steel. Polarization curves demonstrated that Al-/Si-alloying and Al-Si-alloying improved the rest potential of steel at the initial stage; and accelerated the cathodic reduction and anodic dissolution after a rust layer formed on the surfaces of steels. XRD results showed that Al-Si-alloying decreased the volume fraction of $Fe_{3}O_{4}$ and $\alpha-FeOOH$. The recycle of acid accelerated the corrosion of steel at the initial stage. After the rust layer formed on the steel, the leak of rust destabilized the rust layer due to the dissolution of compound containing Al (such as $FeAl_{2}O_{4}$, $(Fe,\;Si)_{2}(Fe,\;Al)O_{4}$). Al-Si-alloying is hence not suitable for improving the anti-corrosion resistance of steel in industrial atmosphere.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.512-518
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• 2001

It has been well known that 6.5wt% Si steel sheets have excellent magnetic properties such as low core loss. high maximum permeability and low magnetostriction. In this work, we studied a method for producing 6.5wt% Si steel sheets using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The following is the procedure adopted in this work to produce 6.5wt% Si steel sheets; SiCl$_4$ gas is applied onto a low content-Si steel sheet placed in a tube furnace. Silicon atoms resulted from the decomposition of SiCl$_4$ are permeated through the surface of the steel sheet. Finally, by the diffusion process maintaining it under a high temperature the silicon atoms diffuse uniformly into the sheet. Through this process, 6.5wt% Si steel sheets can be obtained. The manufactured Fe-6.5wt% Si steel sheet with a thickness of 0.5mm exhibited a high frequency core loss (W$_{2}$1k/) of 8.92 W/kg. Its permeability increased from 37,100 to 53,300 at 1 tesular(T). The mechanical properties of the manufactured steel sheets were also estimated and the result showed that the workability was significantly improved by annealing in vacuum at 773k. Increased plastic deformation was also observed prior to fracture and the amount of grain boundary rupture was reduced.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.364-369
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• 2003

Non-heat treated steels are attractive in the steel-wire industry since the spheroidization and quenching-tempering treatment are not involved during the processing. However, non-heat treated steels should satisfy high strength and good formability without performing heat treatment. Therefore, it is important to investigate optimum materials showing a good combination of strength and formability after the drawing process. In this study, three different steels such as dual phase steel, low-Si steel, and ultra low carbon bainitic steel were used to study their mechanical properties and the cold formability. The cold formability of three steels was investigated by estimating the deformation resistance and the forming limit. The deformation resistance was estimated by calculating the deformation energy, and the forming limit was evaluated by measuring the critical strain revealing crack initiation at the notch tip of the specimens. The results showed that deformation resistance was the lowest in the low-Si steel, and the forming limit strains of ultra low carbon bainitic steel and low-Si steel were higher than that of commercial SWRCH45F steel.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2010

In this study, fundamental experiment was conducted with various strength of UHSS (Ultra High Strength Steel) by $CO_2$ laser. And then, butt and lap joint laser welding with boron alloyed steel and Al-Si coated boron alloy steel have been done by changing laser beam feature, existence of gap and existence of coating layer to know welding characteristics of those materials. As a result, in case of fundamental experiment with various strength steel, hardening was found in the weld metal of all tested materials and softening was found at the heat affected zone of SGAFC 1180. In case of laser butt welding of UHSS, mechanical properties was improved by using small laser beam diameter and Al-Si coating layer caused fracture of weld metal. In case of laser lap welding of UHSS, Al-Si coating layer resulted in formation of intermetallic compound at the fusion boundary where fracture occurred. Al-Si coating layer caused lowering mechanical properties of weld metal.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.259-264
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• 2010

In continuous hot dip galvanizing process, oxide formation on steel surface has an influence on Zn wetting. High strength automotive steel contains high amount of Si and Mn, where Si-Mn composite oxides such as $Mn_2SiO_4$ or $MnSiO_3$ covers the surface after annealing. Zn wetting depends on how the aluminothermia reaction can reduce the Mn-Si composite oxides and then form inhibition layer such as $Fe_2Al_5$ on the steel surface. The outward diffusion of metallic ions such as $Mn^{2+}$, $Si^{2+}$ in the steel matrix is very important factor for the formation of the surface oxides on the steel surface. The surface state and grain boundaries provide an important role for the diffusion and the surface oxide reactions. Some elements such as P, Sb, and B have a strong affinity for the interface precipitation, and it influence the diffusivity of metallic ions on grain boundaries. B oxide forms very rapildly on the steel surface during the annealing, and this promote complex oxides with $SiO_2$ or MnO. P has inter-reacted with other elements on the grain boundaries and influence the diffusion through on them. Small addition of Sb could suppress the decarburization from steel surface and retards the formation of internal and external selective oxides on the steel surface. Interface control by the trace elements such as Sb could be available to improve the Zn wettability during the hot dip galvanizing.