• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on tendon healing and fatty degeneration in a chronic rotator cuff model. Methods: Twenty-eight Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly allocated into two groups: Saline+repair (SR) and PCA+repair (PR). The right shoulder was used for experimental interventions, and the left served as a control. PCA (30 mg/kg/day) was administered intraperitoneally at the site of infraspinatus tendon detachment in rats in the PR group, and the same volume of saline was administered to the same site in the SR group. The torn tendon was repaired 4 weeks after infraspinatus detachment. Four weeks after repair, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), S100, and CD68 stains were performed to evaluate the degree of fatty degeneration and H&E and Masson trichrome stains were performed to assess tendon healing. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was measured to test the efficacy of PCA as an antioxidant. Results: Results from histological evaluation indicated that SOD and CD68 levels at the musculotendinous region and collagen fiber parallel to the orientation at the tendon-to-bone junction were not significantly different between the SR and PR groups. The mean load-to-failure of the PR group (20.32±9.37 N) was higher than that of the SR group (16.44±6.90 N), although this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.395). The SOD activity in the operative side infraspinatus muscle of the PR group was higher than that of the SR group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.053). Conclusions: The use of PCA could improve tendon healing and decrease fatty degeneration after rotator cuff repair.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.285-290
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• 1997

Horner's syndrome is a well-recognized complication of regional analgesia of neck and shoulder region, and not often a complication of lumbar or low thoracic epidural block. Recently we experienced right Horner's syndrome accompanying paralysis of right upper extremity following lumbar epidural block in for an obstetric patient. Epidurography and MRI was performed to clarify the cause of unilateral high epidural block and cervical sympathetic block. Radiologic study demonstrated a loop formation of the epidural catheter and tip of catheter was located in right anterior epidural spaced(L1-2). The initial epidurogram revealed unilateral spreading of dye in the cervical region in right epidural space. A second epidurogram, 10 minutes following, showed dye filling in left epidural space, however spread of dye in left side was limited to lumbar and low thoracic region. We concluded the most probable cause of this unilateral high epidural block was due to misplacement of the catheter into the anterior epidural space.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.495-501
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to survey of the subjective health status of the elderly farmer. Background: With increase of aged population, the health of the elderly farmer has become main concerns of the elderly in the rural community. For the effects of the factors related to quality of life, subjective health condition showed the largest influence. Method: The survey was conducted by 326 elderly farmers aged 50 and older in rural areas through structured questionnaires. Survey questionnaire consisted items of general characteristics, health-related life habits, levels of stress(SF-PWI), symptom of musculoskeletal diseases and general level of health(SF-36). For the data analysis, SPSS 19.0K was used, and analysis was conducted by using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. For the symptom prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and comparison of average level of health, chi-square test and t-test were used. Results: The results of the study are as follows. It was shown that the symptom prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders had a significant difference in gender (p<0.01). Frequency analysis on presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in each part of body showed that leg/knee region was 28.1%, back region was 26.6%, shoulder region was 18.0%, arm/elbow region was 11.9%, hand/wrist region was 8.2% and neck region was 7.2%. According to comparison of average level of health, a social functioning were the highest as score 87.3, followed by mental health(65.6) and role limitation-emotional(65.5). Conclusion: Health promotion program for the elderly and female in the rural are needed. Application: The survey of the subjective health status of the elderly should be used for planning factors to make a health improvement plan in elderly farmer.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.45-51
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• 2008

Triaxial compression tests on anisotropic rock specimens are carried out to investigate the failure strength characteristic of anisotropic rocks. The test core specimens were obtained in Daegu region. Test specimens are rock cores with the 7 different angles of bedding plane. The applied confining pressures were 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 MPa, and the rate of displacement was adopted 0.1%/min to fail the specimen within 5-15 min. The results were analyzed by using the failure criteria for anisotropic rocks proposed by Hoek & Brown (1980) and Jaeger (1960). The results of this study are summerised as follows: The results of inherent anisotropy show the shoulder type of anisotropy, and the effect of anisotropy is reduced as the confining pressure increases. The compressive strength of anisotropic rock shows the highest value at the ${\beta}$ (the angle of bedding plane) = $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ and the lowest value at $30^{\circ}$. The Hoek & Brown failure criterion for anisotropic rocks gives a relatively good agreement with the measured strength in all the range of ${\beta}$ angles, but the theory of Jaeger shows a reasonable agreement only in the range of ${\beta}=15^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.148-166
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to establish the basic materials necessary for red carpet fashion design by examining the formativeness and fashion images of red carpet dresses at film festivals in the Great China Region. For the purpose of this study, research methods include a literature review on the origin and significance of red carpet dresses, the characteristics of film festivals in the Great China Region and their red carpet dresses as well as an analysis of the formative features and images of 615 red carpet dresses collected from each film festival official homepage, diverse media articles, and online search sites (www.google.com, www.hao123.com). The research finding can be summarized as follows: First, the formative features of red carpet dress designs were analyzed herein. It was found that the most frequently appearing type of silhouette was straight followed by hourglass and bulk in order. More specifically these included fit and flare, mermaid, trapeze, and slim in order. For the neckline styles, strapless was the most frequently seen followed by camisole, jewel, and one shoulder. Solid colors were more often seen than multiple colors. Bk, W, R, and YR were the most frequent main solid colors in order. Solid materials were frequent as well, such as soft and shiny materials. Non-patterned and unadorned styles were most frequent as for pattern types and details and trimmings. Second, the fashion images of red carpet dresses in the Great China Region were analyzed. The most frequent images were elegant, feminine, ethnic, modern, classic, avant-garde, others, mannish and sportive, in order.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.4
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• pp.191-220
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• 1991

A new texture segmentation-based image coding technique which performs segmentation based on roughness of textural regions and properties of the human visual system (HVS) is presented. This method solves the problems of a segmentation-based image coding technique with constant segments by proposing a methodology for segmenting an image texturally homogeneous regions with respect to the degree of roughness as perceived by the HVS. The fractal dimension is used to measure the roughness of the textural regions. The segmentation is accomplished by thresholding the fractal dimension so that textural regions are classified into three texture classes; perceived constant intensity, smooth texture, and rough texture. An image coding system with high compression and good image quality is achieved by developing an efficient coding technique for each segment boundary and each texture class. For the boundaries, a binary image representing all the boundaries is created. For regions belonging to perceived constant intensity, only the mean intensity values need to be transmitted. The smooth and rough texture regions are modeled first using polynomial functions, so only the coefficients characterizing the polynomial functions need to be transmitted. The bounda-ries, the means and the polynomial functions are then each encoded using an errorless coding scheme. Good quality reconstructed images are obtained with about 0.08 to 0.3 bit per pixel for three different types of imagery ; a head and shoulder image with little texture variation, a complex image with many edges, and a natural outdoor image with highly textured areas.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the influence of crown margin design on the stress distribution and to localize critical sites in maxillary canine under functional loading by using three dimensional finite element analysis. Materials and Methods: The bite force of 100 N, 150 N, and 200 N was applied with an angulation of $45^{\circ}$ to the longitudinal axis of tooth. Six models were restored with IPS e.max (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) with a different margin design. With lingual ledge and various thicknesses, three different core ceramics were designed in each model. Result: In the core ceramic, the maximum tensile stresses were found at the labiocervical region. In the veneering ceramic the maximum tensile stresses were found at the area where the force was applied in all models. Conclusion: Shoulder and chamfer margin types are acceptable for all-ceramic rehabilitations. A ledge on the core ceramic at cervical region may affect the strength of all-ceramic crowns.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was designed to define the musculoskeletal pain levels among selected hairdressers and the risk factors for these musculoskeletal pain levels. Methods: A survey was conducted from July 1 to August 10, 2011 among 199 hair dressers working in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do Province using a self-administered Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. The affecting factors for musculoskeletal pain levels were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results: The musculoskeletal pain levels by body region were low back(6.19), ankle/foot(6.14), shoulder(5.27), knee(5.27), back(5.23) and wrist/hand(5.18). In stepwise regression, significant actors affecting the level of pain by body region were height on wrist/hand, low back, and knee and age on elbow. Conclusions: Based on these results, in order to prevent musculoskeletal diseases among hair dressers, standing time should be decreased and stretching should be performed regularly to protect the low back and knee.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to know sports injury aspects and relationship between exercise stress, tension, exercise habits and sports injuries. Methods : We surveyed 42 professional golf players who attended Korea Tour during the second half of the year 2010 and have sports injuries with self - assessment questionnaires. Results : According to the types, they had myalgia, tendonitis, ligament sprain in the order. According to the body parts, they had injuries in right thoracic, left cervical, left shoulder region in the order. As a result of the analysis of the sports injury frequency according to the exercise stress and tension, there were no significant differences between the high and low level group. But result of injury regions showed high tension level group showed more damages in right thoracic region (p<0.05). Exercise habits appear subjects had lots of training time, however, they used to skip the muscular strengthening exercise during the on season, but had no significant difference between sports injury frequencies and exercise habit. Conclusion : For the improvement of the athletic performance and prevention of the sports injury, warming-up, cooling-down and muscular strengthening exercise program developments are needed.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 1990

Effectiveness of physical exercise in reducing work-related musculoskeletal stress was investigated. This was compared to the stress alleviation accomplished by using ergonomically designed work station. Tasks chosen for the study were data entry and file maintenance on the video display terminal (VDT). Three different measures, namely root-mean-square (RMS) values of electromyogram (EMG), subjective rating and task performance were used for the evaluation. Electromyograms were recorded from the neck, the left and right trapezius muscles in the shoulder region, and L2/L3 region of the back. Subjects rated discomfort levels for the same parts of their body. Task performance was measured by recording typing speed and errors. Each of the five subjects was tested for two days (8 hours/day) in two different work stations. These were the ergonomically designed adjustable work station and the fixed work station of traditional design with no adjustable features. Assigned physical exercises were performed for four minutes, every two hours during the breaks, by the subjects while working in the fixed work station. It was concluded that the physical exercise could be helpful in reducing musculoskeletal stress as effectively as the ergonomic design of the VDT work station.