• Title/Summary/Keyword: Short-term behavior

Search Result 301, Processing Time 0.024 seconds

A Cross-Sectional and Short-Term Longitudinal Study on Bullying/Victimization and Interpersonal Behavior Characteristics: The Participant Roles Approach (또래 괴롭힘과 대인간 행동특성에 관한 횡단 및 단기종단연구 : 참여자 역할을 중심으로)

  • Sim, Hee-og
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
    • /
    • v.26 no.5
    • /
    • pp.263-279
    • /
    • 2005
  • This study explored the participant roles and the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between interpersonal behavior characteristics and bullying/victimization. The subjects were 4th and 5th grade children and instruments were the Participant Roles Scale, Self-Report Coping Scale, Teenage Inventory of Social Skills, and Social Anxiety/Avoidance. They were contacted again one year later. In the distribution of participant roles at Time 1, defender of the victim was highest, then outsider; at Time 2 outsider was the highest and then defender. There was a tendency of gender difference in distribution of participant roles only at Time 1. Males were more in the group of reinforcer; females were more in the group of defender and victim. There were high positive correlations among bully/reinforcer/assistant scores. In the concurrent view, children who used approach coping strategies and showed higher social skills were more likely to be defender. Children who had lower social skills and higher social anxiety and social avoidance were more likely to be victim. In the longitudinal view, children who had developed higher social skills were more likely to be defender. Children who had employed less approach coping strategies and had showed lower social skills and higher social avoidance were more likely to be victim.

  • PDF

Characterization and Release Behavior of Polymersomes of PEG-Poly(fumaric-sebacic acids)-PEG Triblock Copolymer in Aqueous Solution (PEG-Poly(fumaric-sebacic acids)-PEG 삼중 블록 공중합체로 수용액에서 만들어진 폴리머솜의 분석과 방출특성)

  • Pourhosseini, Pouneh S.;Saboury, Ali A.;Najafi, Farhood;Divsalar, Adeleh;Sarbolouki, Mohammad N.
    • Polymer(Korea)
    • /
    • v.37 no.3
    • /
    • pp.294-301
    • /
    • 2013
  • Polymersomes made of biodegradable triblock copolymers based on poly(fumaric acid-co-sebacoyl chloride)/PEG (PEG-co-P(FA/SC)-co-PEG) were prepared and studied in aqueous solutions. TEM confirmed the formation of vesicles in aqueous media. Aggregation behavior of the copolymers was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid, and the critical aggregation concentration (c.a.c.) of the copolymer was found to be ${\sim}26.2{\mu}M$ indicating desirable stability of the vesicles. Dynamic light scattering revealed that the size of the vesicles was distributed within the range of 170-270 nm. Turbidity measurements confirmed the relative short-term stability of the polymersomes. Carboxyfluorescein, a hydrophilic compound, was simply encapsulated in the vesicles during polymersome preparation. The release of encapsulant from the polymersomes at 25 and $37^{\circ}C$ lasted about 3 weeks, and the rate of release followed a first-order kinetics. The release is speculated to be primarily carried out through diffusion. These results confirm that these polymersomes are promising as controlled-release carriers of various drugs.

A Study of Factors That Influence the Promotion of Healthy Behavior in the Elderly According to Types of Residency (노인의 거주유형별 건강증진 행위 영향요인 비교)

  • Jeon Eun-Young;Kim Kwuy-Bun
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
    • /
    • v.36 no.3
    • /
    • pp.475-483
    • /
    • 2006
  • Purpose: The goal of this study was to investigate the factors influencing health promoting behaviors in elderly individuals according to types of residency. Method: This was a descriptive study. The subjects were comprised of 243 elderly aged 65 years or over living in 3 large cities. The instruments used for this study were a health promoting lifestyle, perceived health status, geriatric depression short form scale-Korea, social support scale, and self-efficacy. The data was analyzed using SPSS Win 12.0. Result: Powerful predictors of a health promoting lifestyle were depression, self-efficacy, and perceived health status for the elderly living at home. In the cases of the elderly living in institutions, a powerful predictor of a health promoting lifestyle was identified as social support. Conclusion: For the operation of long-term care insurance, a service for home care programs is needed for the elderly living at home in order to reduce depression and to increase self-efficacy and perceived health status. In addition, social support provided by health-care professionals should be developed to promote a healthy lifestyle for the elderly living in institutional environments.

Behavior and Influence of EPS on Membrane Fouling by Changing of HRT in MBR with Gravitational Filtration (중력여과 방식의 MBR을 이용한 하수처리에서 HRT 변화에 따른 EPS의 거동과 막오염에 대한 영향)

  • Kim, SI-Won;Kwak, Sung-Jin;Lee, Eui-Sin;Hong, Seung-Mo;Min, Kyung-Sok
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
    • /
    • v.22 no.5
    • /
    • pp.865-870
    • /
    • 2006
  • The behavior and influence of EPS on membrane fouling by changing of hydraulic retention time was investigated, using lab. scale submerged membrane bio-reactor, which was operated with gravitational filtration and fed supernatant of primary sedimentation in waste water treatment plant as influent. The membrane was adopted micro-filter of polyethylene hollow fiber. EPS was analysed as polysaccharides and protein especially, into soluble and bound EPS separately. The concentration of soluble EPS was increased at short HRT, then membrane fouling was rapidly progressed and flux was depressed. The most of EPS clogged membrane pore were polysaccharides, while protein was important parameter affected on membrane fouling because of it's more accumulating in the more term operating.

Application of Deep Learning: A Review for Firefighting

  • Shaikh, Muhammad Khalid
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
    • /
    • v.22 no.5
    • /
    • pp.73-78
    • /
    • 2022
  • The aim of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of Deep Learning in the literature on Fire & Rescue Service. It is found that deep learning techniques are only beginning to benefit the firefighters. The popular areas where deep learning techniques are making an impact are situational awareness, decision making, mental stress, injuries, well-being of the firefighter such as his sudden fall, inability to move and breathlessness, path planning by the firefighters while getting to an fire scene, wayfinding, tracking firefighters, firefighter physical fitness, employment, prediction of firefighter intervention, firefighter operations such as object recognition in smoky areas, firefighter efficacy, smart firefighting using edge computing, firefighting in teams, and firefighter clothing and safety. The techniques that were found applied in firefighting were Deep learning, Traditional K-Means clustering with engineered time and frequency domain features, Convolutional autoencoders, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Deep Neural Networks, Simulation, VR, ANN, Deep Q Learning, Deep learning based on conditional generative adversarial networks, Decision Trees, Kalman Filters, Computational models, Partial Least Squares, Logistic Regression, Random Forest, Edge computing, C5 Decision Tree, Restricted Boltzmann Machine, Reinforcement Learning, and Recurrent LSTM. The literature review is centered on Firefighters/firemen not involved in wildland fires. The focus was also not on the fire itself. It must also be noted that several deep learning techniques such as CNN were mostly used in fire behavior, fire imaging and identification as well. Those papers that deal with fire behavior were also not part of this literature review.

Analysis of Short-Term and Long-Term Characteristics of GPS Satellite Clock Offsets (GPS 위성시계오차의 장단기 특성 분석)

  • Son, Eun-Seong;Park, Kwan-Dong;Kim, Kyeong-Hui
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
    • /
    • v.28 no.6
    • /
    • pp.563-571
    • /
    • 2010
  • The GPS satellite has three or four atomic clocks that consist of cesiums and rubidiums and the NANU messages can be used to identify the kind of the onboard atomic clock because they classify the clock type on a daily basis. In this study, for long-term analysis of the GPS satellite clock behavior, we extracted satellite clock errors for every PRN from years 2001 through 2009 using the SP3 files that are provided by the IGS. As a result, the cesium clock offsets usually have a linear trend of drifting. On the other hand, rubidium offsets show curvilinear variations in general, even though they cannot be represented as anyone specific polynomial function. For short-term analysis, we extracted satellite clock errors for each PRN for a week-long period using the CLK files that are also provided by the IGS and curve-fitted them with first-order and second-order polynomial functions. In cases of cesium clock errors, they were well-represented by first-order polynomial functions and rubidium clock errors were similar with second-order polynomials. However, some of rubidium clock errors could not be represented as any polynomial fitting function. To analyze the characteristic of GPS satellite by each block and atomic clock, we applied Modified Allan Deviation criterion to the dataset from years 2007 and 2010. We found that the Modified Allan Deviation characteristics changed significantly according the block and atomic clock type.

Balanced Scorecard using System Dynamics for Evaluating IT Investment (IT 투자 평가를 위한 시스템 다이나믹스를 활용한 밸런스스코어카드)

  • Baek, Sung-Won;Ju, Jung-Eun;Koo, Sang-Hoe
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.19-34
    • /
    • 2008
  • IT investment is usually very costly and takes a long time to get the results out of investment. However, most of currently available evaluation methods for IT investment are based upon short-term effects, hence their results are not fully trustworthy. In addition, those methods commonly consider only financial aspects such as ROI. For more reliable evaluation, it is necessary to consider non-financial factors such as system utilization, customer satisfaction, public relations, and so on, as well as financial factors. In this research, we propose an evaluation method that can evaluate both financial and non-financial aspects on a long-term base. For this purpose, we employed the research results developed in System dynamics and Balanced scorecard. System dynamics is useful in analyzing long term behavior of a given system, and Balanced scorecard is useful for evaluating both financial and non-financial aspects. We demonstrated the usefulness of our method by applying it to the evaluation of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) investment in a distribution and retail industry. From this application, we found that RFID investment may not be rewarding in the short term, but is sure to be returning the income relative to its investment in the long run.

  • PDF

Stduy on the Efficient Safety Management through the Analysis of Metropolitan Bus Operation Characteristics (광역버스 운행 특성분석을 통한 효율적 안전관리방안 연구)

  • Young Hwan Kim;Yun Sang Kim;Seung jun Lee;Choul Ki Lee
    • The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
    • /
    • v.22 no.1
    • /
    • pp.233-251
    • /
    • 2023
  • Metropolitan buses are managed as either a direct seat type or a metropolitan express type according to the 「Passenger Transport Service Act」. However, a management system that reflects the characteristics of metropolitan buses is not currently established. Therefore, in this study, the driving characteristics of metropolitan buses, dangerous driving behavior characteristics of metropolitan bus drivers, metropolitan bus accident characteristics, and the safety management system of domestic and foreign buses and other means were investigated. Through this, a plan for strengthening the safety management of metropolitan buses suitable for Korea was presented by dividing it into short-term and mid to long term. The short-term plan is a plan that can be carried out through consultation between metropolitan bus agencies and transportation companies, and the mid to long term plan is a plan that can be implemented only when related laws are revised. Through this study, it is expected to serve as an opportunity for in-depth discussions by the government, business operators, and related experts to strengthen the safety management of metropolitan buses.

Dynamic Relative Displacement of Geosynthetic-Soil Interface Considering Chemical Effect (화학적 영향을 고려한 토목섬유-지반 접촉면의 동적상대변위)

  • Kwak, Chang-Won;Oh, Myoung-Hak;Jang, Dong-In;Park, Inn-Joon
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
    • /
    • v.32 no.11
    • /
    • pp.73-81
    • /
    • 2016
  • Recently, the construction of onshore waste landfill sites has been studied due to the increase of waste and geosynthetics are widely utilized to enforce and protect waste landfill. Geosynthetics comprises the interface with soil and the seismic behavior and stability mostly depend on the dynamic shear behavior of the geosynthetic-soil interface. Therefore, the understanding of dynamic shear behavior and dynamic relative displacement of the interface is critical. The dynamic shear behavior of the interface is affected by surrounding conditions and loading and shows very complicated response, and, it is difficult to study theoretically. In this study, laboratory test to investigate dynamic relative displacement is performed under chemical condition. Dynamic interface apparatus is utilized and cyclic simple shear tests are conducted under short term (60 days of submerging period) and long term (840 days of submerging period) conditions. Consequently, relative displacement of the interface shows the largest values under acid condition, which means more severe damage of the interface.

A Short-Term Longitudinal Study on Infant and Mother Interaction (영아와 어머니의 상호작용에 관한 단기 종단 연구)

  • Kim, Mi-Ok;Rha, Jong-Hye;Hyun, On-Kang
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
    • /
    • v.25 no.5
    • /
    • pp.167-183
    • /
    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in infant-mother interactions and to measure infant-mother interaction, mutuality, and reciprocity at the 2nd and 6th postnatal monthperiods. Infant-mother interaction was assessed in the mornings, afternoons, and evenings in the 2nd and 6th postnatal months, by filming unstructured free play in the home and analyzing 28 of these infant-mother film recordingsusing two trained observers. This study can be summarized in five points. First, the separate frequency distribution of each category in MIIBR's maternal behavior was as follows: the frequencies of vocalization category, the kinesthetic exercise & physical contact category, the physical caregiving category, and theuse of play tool category. These all showed changes in the 6th postnatal month compared to the 2nd postnatal month. Second, the separate frequency distribution of each category in MIIBR's infant behavior was as follows: the frequencies of physical behavior category, the vocalization category, and the play behavior category. These also all showed changes in the 6th postnatal month compared to the 2nd postnatal month. Third, the mutuality and reciprocity of mother interaction decreased in the 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. Fourth, mutuality and reciprocity in the infant interaction increased in 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. Fifth, mutuality and reciprocity in the infant-mother interaction increased in 2nd postnatal month compared to the 6th postnatal month. In conclusion, it is evident that infant-mother interactions change over time. This study bears particular significance in setting a foundation for the theoretical basis of the interaction between infant and mother by observation.