• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.706-715
• /
• 2006

Nitrate reductase deficient (NR) mutant lines were selected indirectly by their resistance to 100mM chlorate in cell cultures of P. parviflora. A total of 585 chlorate resistant lines were confirmed by a second passage on a high concentration of chlorate. Frequency of spontaneous mutation was $9.7{\times}10^{-7}$ in 3 month old suspension-cultured cells, and in non-selective media containing amino acids as sole nitrogen source. The frequency of mutation could be increased up to 11-fold by culture for 12 months. Out of 40 randomly selected calli, 22 were fully deficient in NR. The rest of the clones contained a decreased level of NR activity. Further characterization was carried out in 13 mutant lines which were fully deficient in NR and in 5 mutant lines containing residual (0-7.0%) NR activity, as compared to wild-type cells cultured on the same medium. The $NR^-$ mutants were tentatively classified as defective in the NR apoenzyme (nia-type; 11 mutant lines including the 5 with residual NR activity) or in the molybdenum cofactor (cnx-type; 7 mutant lines) by the XDH activity. The cnx-type could be further classified into two groups. In one group (5 mutant lines) of these, the NR activity could be partially restored by nonphysiologically high (1.0mM) molybdate in the culture medium. Both types of $NR^-$ mutants were unable to grow on minimal medium containing nitrate as sole nitrogen source, but grew well on amino acids. They also proved to be extremely sensitive to the standard medium ($MSP_1$) containing nitrate and ammonium. Shoot regeneration was obtained only in the $NR^-$ mutants, which contained residual NR activity, but they so far have failed to grow into plants.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2000년도 The 7th International Symposium
• /
• pp.114-115
• /
• 2000

Aralia elata is found in mountain areas all over Korean peninsula. Aralia elata is the scientific name for Japanese angelica tree. The tree belongs to the family Araliaceae, commonly known as ginseng family. Bud sprouts from apical shoot tip of the plants are rich in flavor and thus mainly used for both folk medicine and vegetable. The stalks with apical buds are gathered in the early spring and planted in sandy soil or water in the greenhouse. The sprouting buds are then collected and sold as fresh vegetable. Although the plants have been used for food, they have been cultivated in a very small scale. In spring, local farmers just go around mountain areas to search the trees and gather the stalks as much as they get and sell them to the market. No conservation efforts have been made to stop the exploitation or to save the dwindling population. We tried to provide local farmers with the plants that may be used as an alternative to stalks from wild populations. This will bel! p conserve the wild populations. However, it is hard to propagate them either by conventional cuttings or by seed germination in a short period of time. Mass propagation using tissue culture systems have shown a great promise with several woody plants. Recently we developed a mass propagation technique via somatic embryogenesis system using mature and/or juvenile explants for Aralia elata. Several factors affecting somatic embryogenesis system including SE(somatic embryo) induction, embryogenic callus proliferation, SE germination, plant regeneration and transplanting to field frill be presented. And some problems arising for the somatic embryogenesis system will be also discussed.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2000년도 제7차 국제 심포지움(생약자원개발에 관한연구) 및 추계정기 학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.16-17
• /
• 2000

Aralia elata is found in mountain areas all over Korean peninsula. Aralia elata is the scientific name for Japanese angelica tree. The tree belongs to the family Araliaceae, commonly known as ginseng family. Bud sprouts from apical shoot tip of the plants are rich in flavor and thus mainly used for both folk medicine and vegetable. The stalks with apical buds are gathered in the early spring and planted in sandy soil or water in the greenhouse. The sprouting buds are then collected and sold as fresh vegetable. Although the plants have been used for food, they have been cultivated in a very small scale. In spring, local farmers just go around mountain areas to search the trees and gather the stalks as much as they get and sell them to the market. No conservation efforts have been made to stop the exploitation or to save the dwindling population. We tried to provide local farmers with the plants that may be used as an alternative to stalks from wild populations. This will hel! p conserve the wild populations. However, it is hard to propagate them either by conventional cuttings or by seed germination in a short period of time. Mass propagation using tissue culture systems have shown a great promise with several woody plants. Recently we developed a mass propagation technique via somatic embryogenesis system using mature and/ or juvenile explants for Aralia elata. Several factors affecting somatic embryogenesis system including SE(somatic embryo) induction, embryogenic callus proliferation, SE germination, plant regeneration and transplanting to field will be presented. And some problems arising for the somatic embryogenesis system will be also discussed.lso discussed.

• 식물조직배양학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.197-200
• /
• 2001

상추에 제초제 저항성을 도입하기 위해 상추 자엽 조직을 NPTII-GUS 및 제초제 저항성 유전자 (PAT)가 삽입된 A. tumefaciens MP 90과 2일간 공동배양한 다음 0.1 mg.L$^{-1}$ NAA, 1.0 mg.L$^{-1}$ 2ip, 50 mg.L$^{-1}$ kanamycin, 500 mg.L$^{-1}$ carbenicillin을 첨가한 MS배지에 배양하여 식물체를 재분화시켰다. 재분화 식물체는 kanamycin 내성 검정을 통해 NPTII 유전자의 도입과, PCR, Northern blot 분석을 통해 제초제 저항성 유전자가 식물체의 게놈상에 삽입된 형질전환체임이 확인되었다. 또한 1500배액의 농도로 Basta를 살포한 결과 살포 10일 후 대조 식물체는 완전히 고사하는 데 반해 형질전환체는 지속적인 생육을 보여 얻어진 형질전환 상추가 제초제 저항성 개체임이 확인되었다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제41권1호
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2014

멸종위기수종인 둥근잎꿩의비름 기내 부정아유도에 미치는 식물생장조절물질의 종류 및 배양부위의 영향과 기내생육 및 엽록소함량에 미치는 배지, sucrose 농도 및 배양용기에 따른 환기효과를 연구하였다. 부정아 유도는 3.0 m g/L의 BA와 0.01 mg/L의 IBA가 첨가된 배지에 액아포함 줄기를 배양하였을 때 가장 효과적이었다. 기내 부정아의 줄기와 뿌리 신장에 MS배지의 농도와 sucrose의 농도는 영향을 주지 않았다. 환기처리가 기내 건전 식물체 생산에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 기내 환기처리구는 줄기신장에 효과적이었고, 뿌리의 신장은 유의적 차이는 없이 모든 실험구에서 10 cm 이상 증식하였다. 엽록소의 함량은 환기처리 시 총엽록소 함량이 3.12 mg/g으로 높게 나타남을 확인하였다. 둥근잎꿩의비름의 부정아 유도에 농도와 배양부위가 중요한 요인으로 작용하고 기내식물체 신장에 미치는 배지 및 sucrose농도의 영향은 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 기내 건전식물체의 생산은 환기가 용이한 배양용기하에서 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.68-79
• /
• 2003

Although seagrasses are relatively abundant, few studies have been conducted on seagrass physiology and ecology in Korea. Zostera marina is the most abundant seagrass species, widely distributed throughout all coastal areas of the Korean peninsula. To examine seasonal dynamics and spatial variations of eelgrass, Zostera marina distributed on the coast of Korea, morphological characteristics, biomass, tissue nutrient constituents, leaf productivity and environmental factors were monitored monthly from the eelgrass beds in Kabae Bay and Kosung Bay on the south coast of the Korean peninsula from June 2001 to June 2002. Eelgrass density, biomass, morphological characteristics, leaf productivities, and tissue nutrient constituents exhibited clear seasonal variations, and these seasonal trends reflected seasonal changes in water temperature. Eelgrass shoot density and biomass at Kabae Bay site showed more obvious seasonal trends than Kosung Bay. No strong seasonality in Kosung Bay site appeared to be caused by high water temperature ($>30{\circ}C$) during summer months at this site. Despite differences in nutrient availabilities between two study sites, eelgrass biomass and leaf productivities were not significantly different between study sites, and this lack of spatial variations implies that the ambient nutrient availabilities at the present study sites are in excess of seagrass nutrient demand. Eelgrass tissue N content and sediment pore water DIN concentrations exhibited reverse relationship at the present study. This reverse relationship suggests in situ nutrient concentrations are not good indicator of nutrient availabilities, and regeneration and turnover rates of sediment nutrients are also important factors to determine nutrient availabilities at the site.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.255-263
• /
• 2021

Paederia foetida L. is an important medicinal plant that has been used for the treatment of various gastrointestinal related ailments by different tribal communities in India. This plant is also known for its use as a food. Due to overexploitation, P. foetida has been classified as a vulnerable plant in some states of India. The propagation of P. foetida by conventional methods is easy but very slow. Synthetic seed technology offers incredible potential for in vitro propagation of threatened and commercially valuable plants, and can also facilitate the storage and exchange of axenic plant material between laboratories. However, synthetic seed production for P. foetida has not yet been reported. Thus, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt to produce synthetic seeds of P. foetida by calcium alginate encapsulation of in vitro regenerated axenic nodal segments. Sodium alginate (3%) and CaCl₂ (100 mM) were found to be the optimal materials for the preparation of ideal synthetic seeds, both in terms of morphology and germination ability. The synthetic seeds showed the best germination (formation of both shoot as well as root; 83.3%) on ½ MS medium augmented with 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid. The plantlets obtained from these synthetic seeds could be successfully acclimatized under field conditions. We also studied the storage of these synthetic seeds at low temperature and their subsequent sprouting/germination. The seeds showed a germination rate of 63.3% even after 21 days of storage at 4 ℃; thus, they could be useful for transfer and exchange of P. foetida germplasm.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.65.2-65
• /
• 2003

To protect the plant against several soil-borne pathogens, we are currently constructing disease-resistant transgenic root stock for the growth of cucurbitaceae vegetable plants, watermelon and gourd. We made a watermelon cDNA library from Cladosporium cucumerinum-Infected leaves for substractive hybriazation and differential screening. We isolated the several pathogen inducible cDNA clones, such as caffeoyl-CoA-methyltransferase, LAA induced protein, receptor-like kinase homolog, hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein, catalase, calmodulin binding protein, mitochondrial ATPase beta subunit, methyl tRNA synthetase and WRKY transcription factors. We previously obtained CaMADS in pepper and galactinol synthase ( CsGolS) in cucumber that were confirmed to be related with disease-resistance. CaMADS and CsGolS2 were transformed into the inbred line 'GO701-2' gourd, the inbred line '6-2-2' watermelon and the Kong-dye watermelon by Agrobacterium tumerfaciens LBA4404. Plant growth regulators (zeatin, BAP and IAA) were used for shoot regeneration and root induction for optimal condition. Putative transgenic plants were selected in medium containing 100mg/L kanamycin and integration of the CaMADS and CsGO/S2 into the genomic DNA were demonstrated by the PCR analysis. We isolated major soil-borne pathogens, such as Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella bryoniae, Cladosporium cuvumerinum from the cultivation area of watermelon or root stock, and successfully established artificial inoculation method for each pathogen. This work was supported by a grant from BioGreen 21 program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.19-19
• /
• 2020

The Cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a tropical root crop, originally from Amazonia, that provides the staple food of an estimated 800 million people worldwide. It belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which also includes rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) and castor bean (Ricinus communis). Among tropical crops, rice, sugarcane, maize and cassava are the most important sources of calories for human consumption. Problems in the propagation of cassava are virus diseases and low rates of seed germination. So we tried to optimize protocols for mass production of somatic embryo amenable to large-scale vegetative propagation of Cassava. After in vitro eight-week culture of leaves of Cassava, the medium which contained the 2,4-D, BAP and IBA showed the highest callus induction rate, embryogenesis callus formation rate and somatic embryo formation in Cassava culture. In the medium with GA₃ and myo-inositol, shoots were most vigorously regenerated from somatic embryos of Cassava. Our experiments confirmed that in vitro growth and multiplication of plantlets could depend on its reaction to the different medium composition, and this micropropagation techniques could be a useful system for healthy and vigorous plant production.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.484-489
• /
• 2017

나리는 절화용으로 대한민국에서 인기 있는 작물 중 하나로 고품질의 우수한 나리 품종이 개발되어야 한다. 이러한 우수 품종이 개발된 후에는 고효율의 번식체계가 확립되어야 한다. 본 연구는 타우린 처리에 의해서 신초 및 구근형성, 생체중 증가 및 발근율 향상 등의 생장촉진 효과와 갈변율 감소효과를 통한 나리 '레드플레임' 품종의 기내 식물체 생육 조건 체계 확립을 위해 수행되었다. 타우린이 생장촉진물질로 효능이 있는지 검증하기 위해 타우린을 0, 2.5, 5. 10, 15 및 20 mg/l을 첨가하였다. 그 결과, 타우린 20 mg/l 처리구에서 85 %의 신초형성률을 나타내었고 생체중은 5.5배 증가로 무처리구에서의 4.35배보다 더 높은 증가를 보였다. 구근형성 및 발근율 촉진 효과로는 타우린 20 mg/l에서 80%의 multiple 구근 형성률과 82%의 발근율을 나타내었다. 무처리구는 각각 50%의 multiple 구근 형성률과 60%의 발근율로 타우린을 첨가한 처리구의 효율이 더높았다. 또한 타우린 2.5 mg/l 처리구에서는 10.6%의 갈변율을 보인 반면에, 20 mg/l 처리구에서 0.8%의 갈변율을 보여 갈변율 감소에도 효과를 나타내었다. 타우린 처리구가 생체중 증가, 신초 생성률, 발근율 및 구근 형성 등의 전반적인 생장요인 들에 있어서 긍정적인 효과를 보여 줌으로써 나리를 포함하는 식물조직배양에서 타우린이 구연산 및 비타민 C와 같은 항산화제 또는 아미노산 대체제로서 사용 가능성을 보여 주었다.