• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.89-110
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• 2017

국제 해운시장에서는 규칙적이고 반복적으로 이루어지는 정기선 서비스의 특수성을 인정하여 정기선사 간의 과당 경쟁을 방지하고 항로의 질서 유지와 안정화를 위해 국제 카르텔인 해운동맹의 결성을 인정하였다. 하지만 선박대형화와 복합운송의 발달 그리고 비동맹선사의 세력확대로 인하여 해운동맹은 와해되기 시작하였으며 결국 폐지되기에 이르렀다. 정기선 시장에서 중요한 역할을 담당했던 해운동맹이 폐지되면서 정기선 시장의 경쟁구도는 변화를 겪기 시작하였다. 따라서 해운동맹의 폐지가 정기선 시장에 미친 영향에 대한 연구가 필요하게 되었으며 해운동맹의 폐지로 인하여 영향을 받은 요소를 선정하여 상관분석과 다중 회귀분석을 통하여 영향을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 해운동맹의 폐지로 인하여 각 선사들은 선복량 증가로 운임 경쟁이 심화되었고 결국 비용구조가 유리한 선사는 수익을 창출하고 그렇지 못한 선사는 적자를 기록하게 되었다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.400-409
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• 2016

In recent, shipping companies have made an enormous effort to improve the operation of vessel in various approaches, due to recession of shipping market and increasing competition among shipping companies. One of important parameters for improving the efficiency of vessel is the resistance performance that consist of friction and residual resistance. Especially, it is recognized that the friction resistance tends to be affected by conditions of vessel’s surface and occupies approximately 70~90% of the total resistance for slow speed ships. In general, the surface of vessel is covered with various type of paint to reduce fouling and corrosion. As time goes by, however, it is so hull roughness would be increased by fouling over the wetted surface that anti-fouling paints, such as CDP(Controlled Depletion Paint), Tin-Free SPC(Self Polishing Co-polymer) or Foul Release, are applied evenly on the hull surface. Nevertheless, these anti-fouling paints could not prevent fouling absolutely. A fundamental study on evaluating ship resistance performance variation due to hull roughness has been performed using a commercial software, Star-CCM+, which solves the continuity and Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible and viscous flow. The results of present simulation for plate are compared with some experimental data available and the effect of surface roughness to ship resistance performance is discussed.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.34-45
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• 2007

Environment of marine transportation market is changing rapidly. Due to globalization of world economy, marine transportation of cargos, especially trade using container boxes, is increasing dramatically. Fierce competition in the global market of container transportation forces the shipping industry to seek the economy of scale to reduce transportation cost, and drives the merge and alliance of liner shipping companies. Mega-sized container ships, having capacity over 10,000 TEU, were introduced, and appeared recently, in order to reduce the unit transportation cost. Korean shipping and shipbuilding companies are competitive, and have considerable market share in the global market. Even though both industries are inter-connected through ships and have many common interests in order to enlarge the global market share, inter-relation between two industries is surprisingly insignificant. In this paper current issues in the process of environmental change of marine cargo transportation are reviewed, and inter-relation of shipping and shipbuilding industries is discussed. Suggestions for inter-related development of Korean shipping and shipbuilding industries are given, and means for mutually beneficial collaboration are suggested.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.62-77
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• 2024

해상운송 산업에서는 공급과 수요의 불균형이 지속적으로 증가하면서 세계 주요 해운선사들이 해운 시황에 따른 선복량을 탄력적으로 조절하기 위해 블랭크 세일링을 주요 수단으로 사용하고 있다. 일반적으로 블랭크 세일링은 중국의 춘절 기간에 맞추어 많이 실시되어 왔지만, 2020년부터 시작된 글로벌 팬데믹과 미국·중국 간 무역 전쟁 등과 같은 특수한 상황으로 인해 최근 해운선사들은 기존 대비 큰 규모의 블랭크 세일링을 실시하였다. 이러한 블랭크 세일링은 화물 운송 지연에 직접적 영향을 미치기 때문에 기업과 소비자의 측면에서 부정적인 영향을 초래할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 이에 선제적으로 대응하기 위해 포아송 회귀모형과 음이항 회귀모형을 활용하여 해상운임 결정요인이 해운선사의 블랭크 세일링에 미치는 영향력을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 포아송 회귀분석의 2M의 경우 유의한 변수로 글로벌 컨테이너 해상물동량, 컨테이너 선복량, 컨테이너선 해체량, 컨테이너선 신조선가지수, OECD 인플레이션을 도출하였고, 음이항 회귀분석의 Ocean Alliance의 경우 글로벌 컨테이너 해상물동량과 컨테이너선 발주량을, THE Alliance의 경우 컨테이너선 선복량과 금리를, Non-Alliance의 경우 국제유가, 글로벌 공급망 압력지수, 컨테이너선 선복량, OECD 인플레이션을, Total Alliance의 경우 컨테이너선 선복량과 금리를 유의한 변수로 도출할 수 있었다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2021

이 연구는 COVID-19 판데믹 전후 즉, 2019년부터 2021년 현재까지의 해운경기와 동향분석을 통해 이번 컨테이너 해운호황을 면밀히 분석하고 그 원인을 알아보았다. 또한 이 연구는 우리 해운기업이 포스트 코로나 시대에 지속가능한 성장을 위해 정책방향을 제언하였다. 연구 결과, COVID-19 확산이 유발한 수요감소에 대한 대응으로 선사들이 선박가동중단(idle)을 늘렸다는 언론 보도와는 다르게 스크러버 설치를 위해 가동중단선박이 급속히 늘어난 것을 확인하였다. 이 연구에서 제언한 정책방향으로는 선박공급과잉의 원인 분석과 해운산업 증요성에 대한 전국민적 공감대 확보가 필요하다는 것이었다. 구체적으로 첫 번째, 해운정책으로 인해 오히려 선박공급과잉이 심화되었는지 알아볼 필요가 있다는 것, 두 번째, 해운정책의 기조 특히, 호황기 정책 기조를 재검토할 필요가 있다는 것, 세 번째, 불황기 공급확장 정책 이외에 호황기 공급조절 정책과 같은 해운정책의 포트폴리오를 구성해야 한다는 것 등이다. 마지막으로, 정책 당국과 해운 관련 국책연구기관의 해운경기 예측력을 제고시켜야 하며, 지속적으로 선사CEO 대상 선박투자 세미나를 개최하고, S&P 전문가 및 해운시장 분석가를 양성해야 할 것을 주장하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.119-146
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• 2023

Purpose - As the severity of air pollution caused by the shipping industry is becoming evident, port authorities have started making efforts to reduce air pollutants. Considering the limitations of the currently implemented emission-control area (ECA) and vessel-speed reduction program (VSRP), which are narrow in the designation range and navigation behavior of ships, this study proposes an emission-control route (ECR) that can complement the aforementioned two environmental policies. Design/methodology - This study was conducted on Korea-China trade service routes (ports of call) of regular liners. This study employed vessel-specific data, which is from an automatic identification system (AIS), for 1,728 maritime transportations performed by 387 container vessels during one year (July 1, 2021, to June 30, 2022). Performing a scenario analysis, this study analyzed the effectiveness of reduced air-pollutant emissions. Findings - This study found that the implementation of ECRs could increase average voyage time by 12.38%-25.28% but reduced air-pollutant emissions by 29.02%-43.54%. Additionally, the increase in average voyage times reduces the anchorage time of ships outside ports, providing an incentive for ship operators to voluntarily participate in compliance with regulations, thereby contributing to the establishment of a virtuous cycle of air-environmental policies related to ships. Originality/value - This study aims to verify the policy effectiveness by designing an ECR scope for liner trade routes between Korea and China. Therefore, originality and the value of this study includes conceptualizing the ECR system, analyzing its environmental performance, and exploring new policies that can be implemented while complementing existing policies.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2010

Recently IMO and IALA have developed the strategy of e-Navigation and the concepts of VTM to enhance the safety, efficiency and security of vessel traffic and protection of the marine environment. And current technical and functional trends require vessel traffic management systems to be improved so as to control vessel traffic not only in waters of harbour area, but also within EEZ waters. Under the consideration of these circumstances, a three-layered vessel traffic management system was proposed in this paper. The proposed system consists of three sub-systems, called Local VTS, Regional VTS and National VTS, and those sub-systems are designed respectively to be suitable for managing vessel traffic within their own jurisdiction waters.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

On May 12th, 2007 a merchant vessel of Golden Rose (South Korea) sank into near 38 mile from Yentai in China after the vessel collided with a container vessel of Jinsung (China), leaving all 16 sailors, including seven South Koreans, missing. According to the official report. The Chinese vessel, authorities, and South Korean government did not coordination q rescue and salvage for the sailors and vessel properly as follows: 1) The Chinese vessel left the scene without rescue and salvage of the sailors, 2) Chinese authorities failed to comply with law of the sea that required them to report the collision to South Korea immediately after confirming the accident, and 3) The South Korean government is also being criticized for its slow response to the incident since the government did not set up a response team until 21 hours after the incident. In order to reduce this number of sailor missing in future incidents, this research is studied regarding assembling conferences, assigning SRR in ASEAN+3, simplicity to enter other territory waters and cooperative training and education for the SAR.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.567-575
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• 2014

In recent times, an obvious strategy in liner shipping markets that has come to the fore is slow steaming. Nowadays, most liner shipping companies have decelerated the voyage speed to 15-18 knots on major routes, and some leading liner shipping companies have a plan to reduce it to below 15 knots. Slow steaming is helpful in reducing the operating cost and the amount of greenhouse-gas emissions on a single vessel with lower fuel consumption. However, it also creates various negative effects such as the opportunity cost, additional fixed costs and an in-transit inventory cost on a loop. Hence, the net operating cost on a loop is changing dynamically due to the changes of voyage speed based on various slow steaming effects. The aim of this study is to analyze the slow steaming effects in the liner shipping, and to find the best voyage speed that minimizes the operating cost on a loop. Moreover, this study suggests the recommendable strategy for liner shipping companies. To achieve the aim of this study, a simulation model has been designed using System Dynamics.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-21
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• 2005

It has been more recent trends in container trade to make bogger ship from shipowners that many more parties concerned are getting involved. Well, it is natural to swift these situations if we have looked into container trade market in present time, which a lot of trade volumes has increased in world economy. Thus, supply side of shipping service needs to employ more capacity in the shipping market, then newbuilding may be compulsory options, that is deployment of larger ships. To cope with market situations as able shipowner, some alternatives can be also adopted, such as newbuilding, chartering and securing the space by strategic alliance. But whatever he does, shipowner has to keep in mind to prepare for the future. This is much more important factor considered to make investment decision in case of newbuilding and then he can make more efficient decision as well. However, there has been a little problems arisen due to larger ship employed on the trade route, which is linked with seaport, shipping companies and freight rates as well. Although shipowner decides to build new larger vessel as one of corporate strategic decision, there are many questions to be considered in advance. Therefore, in order to take more efficient decision, shipowner has to take into an account various situations surrounded, and then it can lead truly thoughtful decision making process.