• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.18 no.12
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Indonesia's maritime logistics and distribution system is currently faced with several challenges, some of which include prolonged export and import time for goods handling as well as the high logistics cost. This study further analyzes the existing business processes in maritime logistics in East Java Province in order to provide solutions to the challenges. Research design, data and methodology: This research was carried out in East Java Province, Indonesia, with data collected through field observations, documentation, and in-depth interviews with all the stakeholders involved. Results: The study showed that the number of stakeholders and activities involved in the flow of goods movement ultimately impacted the length of time. These factors can be classified into the following five: 1) export and import regulations, 2) third party logistics competencies, 3) transportation infrastructure and facilities, 4) adoption of information systems and technology, and 5) maritime line connectivity. Conclusion: Analyzing the three supply chain flows in the maritime logistics and distribution industry called for the need for improvement to increase coordination among related institutions, improve the flexibility of dwelling time to the conditions of each port, enhance service levels, improve transportation infrastructure and facilities, implement information system and technology, and develop shipping routes and networks. Therefore, a collaborative supply chain management system can be realized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.376-384
• /
• 2017

Ship's Bunkering Business is one of the essential businesses creating added values of the port as a hub for a stream of the international logistics. Regulatory considerations of ship's bunkering business should be made to create a more relevant system and stabilize the bunkering industry so that the ports may produce more substantial added values. This paper suggests revisions the Harbor Transport Business Act, the Marine Transport Act, putting forward an idea of unifying safety management systems, establishing a guideline for bunker quality managements, and changing the laws regarding any wrongdoings of bunker suppliers. In conclusion, in order to increase the managerial integrity of the bunkering operators, reasonable burdens should be distributed across the government, refinery companies and ship-owners to achieve a more balanced state and enable long-term development to advance the business at issue, following a step-by-step approach to amend the contract practice, the laws and the systems.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.57-75
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we conducted a study focusing on the innovation direction of the documentary model on the Internet of Things industry, which is the most actively industrialized among the core technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Policy, economic, social, and technical issues were derived using PEST analysis for global trend analysis. It also presented future prospects for the Internet of Things industry of ICT-related global research institutes such as Gartner and International Data Corporation. Global research institutes predicted that competition in network technologies will be an issue for industrial Internet (IIoST) and IoT (Internet of Things) based on infrastructure and platforms. As a result of the PEST analysis, developed countries are pushing policies to respond to the fourth industrial revolution through cooperation of private (business/ research institutes) led by the government. It was also in the process of expanding related R&D budgets and establishing related policies in South Korea. On the economic side, the growth tax of the related industries (based on the aggregate value of the market) and the performance of the entity were reviewed. The growth of industries related to the fourth industrial revolution in advanced countries overseas was found to be faster than other industries, while in Korea, the growth of the "technical hardware and equipment" and "communication service" sectors was relatively low among industries related to the fourth industrial revolution. On the social side, it is expected to cause enormous ripple effects across society, largely due to changes in technology and industrial structure, changes in employment structure, changes in job volume, etc. On the technical side, changes were taking place in each industry, representing the health and medical sectors and manufacturing sectors, which were rapidly changing as they merged with the technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this paper, various management methodologies for innovation of existing business model were reviewed to cope with rapidly changing industrial environment due to the fourth industrial revolution. In addition, four criteria were established to select a management model to cope with the new business environment: 'Applicability', 'Agility', 'Diversity' and 'Connectivity'. The expert survey results in an AHP analysis showing that Business Model Canvas is best suited for business model innovation methodology. The results showed very high importance, 42.5 percent in terms of "Applicability", 48.1 percent in terms of "Agility", 47.6 percent in terms of "diversity" and 42.9 percent in terms of "connectivity." Thus, it was selected as a model that could be diversely applied according to the industrial ecology and paradigm shift. Business Model Canvas is a relatively recent management strategy that identifies the value of a business model through a nine-block approach as a methodology for business model innovation. It identifies the value of a business model through nine block approaches and covers the four key areas of business: customer, order, infrastructure, and business feasibility analysis. In the paper, the expansion and application direction of the nine blocks were presented from the perspective of the IoT company (ICT). In conclusion, the discussion of which Business Model Canvas models will be applied in the ICT convergence industry is described. Based on the nine blocks, if appropriate applications are carried out to suit the characteristics of the target company, various applications are possible, such as integration and removal of five blocks, seven blocks and so on, and segmentation of blocks that fit the characteristics. Future research needs to develop customized business innovation methodologies for Internet of Things companies, or those that are performing Internet-based services. In addition, in this study, the Business Model Canvas model was derived from expert opinion as a useful tool for innovation. For the expansion and demonstration of the research, a study on the usability of presenting detailed implementation strategies, such as various model application cases and application models for actual companies, is needed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.158-175
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to understand and improve the clothing habits and the apparel industry of North Korea in preparation for the reunification of South and North Korea. For this study, literary data, reports, periodicals, interviews and internet data of the two Koreas were reviewed. North Korean clothing habits used to be monotonous and uniform but nowadays people's clothes have become somewhat brighter in color and more diverse in design than before. In particular, liberal and individual dressing habits appeared among the privileged classes. When taking part in national events, women have to wear the traditional Korean costume, Hanbok, while men wear business suits for formal wear. In general, men don't wear Hanbok. Students have to be in uniforms but blue jeans, T-shirts with English logos were popular among them reflecting their sensitivity and openness towards western cultures. The brides usually wear pink Hanboks and the bridegrooms wear black business suits for their wedding. North Koreans also wear Hanbok on national holidays like South Koreans. Clothing is the most important item in the trade of process commission between North and South Korea. Trading items are mid to low end men's clothing for the most part due to less emphasis on fashion in the North. The processing is indirect trade and composed of sample making and contracting, sending out materials and production, carrying in goods and setting accounts. To activate South-North trade, establishment of infrastructure, stabilization of shipping, reducing high costs of distribution, building direct communication system by setting up office in a neutral zone and simplifying procedures in applying for the South and North Korea Economic Cooperation Fund. On the other hand, clothing and textiles education is carried on at art colleges, light industries colleges and commercial colleges in Pyongyang. Clothing institutes which study Hanbok and Western clothes, are installed in each city and province. Graduates who majored in clothing and textiles are posted in institutes or apparel factories. Their job is designing, patternmaking and sewing for their customers. Most of them are women and in good state of economic conditions. The North Korean clothing industry has been the core national industry that has developed based on overseas demand form the mid 1980s. The standard is that of South Korea in the early 1980s. In 1999, trade of North Korean textile products with trade counterparts such as Japan and China was $1.3 million in exports and $1.27 in imports. Of this amount the export takes up 25.4% of the total exports in North Korea. However, fundamentally even in sectors that are irrelevant to politics such as the fashion clothing industry, trust between the South and North should be a prerequisite. Only through this can exchange between North and South and economic cooperation contribute towards the reunification.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2015

Purpose - This study aims to disclose the problems of both the government and the logistics industry regarding fourth-party logistics, and to provide various solutions at the level of enterprises as well as the government for the introduction of fourth-party logistics in China. Research design, data, and methodology - This study aims to reveal how a shipping company recognizes the creation of partnerships with fourth-party logistics providers, and it reveals several related implications. Results - Fourth-party logistics organizations can be used to achieve maximum business performance as professional logistics companies by incorporating the benefits of outsourcing and insourcing. Outsourcing logistics services through focusing on core competencies and improving customer service can have financial effects and advantages such as the simplification of labor issues. Conclusions - This study did not investigate Korean enterprises through an empirical analysis and provided fourth-party logistics concepts and promotional plans according to domestic and foreign literature. Further studies shall investigate not only the Korean fourth-party logistics model but also the training of logistics professionals to generate profits for both shippers as well as logistics enterprises.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.137-150
• /
• 2014

In the marine industry although there has been significant growth towards safety, security and risk assessments or risk-based strategies such as marine insurance and regulations to avoid the risks of damage to properties and the environment or the prospect of premature death caused by accidents etc, the moves toward managing the risks which are linked directly to the business functions and decision making processes have been very slow. Furthermore in the marine industry most perceptions, methodologies and frameworks of dealing with hazards, risks, safety and security issues are for their assessment rather than their management. This trend reveals the fact that in different marine industry sectors such as logistics and shipping there is a lack of coherent risk management framework or methodology from which to understand the risk-based decisions especially for the purpose of design, construction, operation, management and even decommissioning of the marine related applications. On the other hand risk management is not yet viewed holistically in the marine industry in order to, for example, assign a right person, i.e. risk manager, who can act as a coordinator and advisor with responsibilities that are only specific to risk management. As a result this paper, by examining the present physical borders and risk-based activities in the marine industry, aims to propose an appropriate risk management methodology in addition to the emergent role of risk managers which will enable the industry users initially to become familiar with the concept of risk management at its holistic level. In the later stages this eventually can lead to development of risk management capabilities at an exclusive level and its integration into the marine industry functions in future.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.19 no.8
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2021

Purpose: Maritime sector is fundamental to international trade; there is no doubt that seafarers have played an essential role in maritime shipping and distribution science industry. Thus, this study uses Grey models to predict the number of seafarers in Vietnam expecting to provide a range of future seafarers. Research design, data and methodology: Statistics data are adopted for numbers of seafarers by Vietnam Maritime Administration categorizing into three types: Officers at Management level, Officers at Operational level and Navigation - Engine officer cadet. Results: The results have showed that a lack of qualified seafarers in the distribution industry, which has become a global issue and Vietnam is facing challenges of providing enough supply of seafarers in the next few years. Since there has been a concern of the unbalance between demand and supply of seafarers, researches in maritime sector needs a high accuracy in forecasting the number of available qualified seafarers in Vietnam. Conclusion: This method can be applied to predict numbers of other human resources in transportation, distribution and/or logistics industries when the information is poor and insufficient. The next few years are predicted to witness a downtrend in sailors - oilers which leads to the fact that the total number of available seafarers is decreased.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.519-526
• /
• 2013

In managing shipping business, the concept of seaworthiness of the vessel has developed in accordance with the development of the shipping industry. However, despite of the development of the vessel's seaworthiness, marine accident has continuously occurred at sea. International Maritime Organization(IMO) has paid attention to the research and investigation of Human Error in shipping operations in addition to physical seaworthiness of the vessel. In 1994, IMO adopted the "International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention(ISM code)" of "SOLAS 1974" Annex, to take countermeasure against this human error. In 1999, Korea adopted the 'ISM Code' and then enacted the Maritime Safety Act (previously Maritime Traffic Safety Act). The Maritime Safety Act regulates necessary qualifications of the Human Resources of shipping companies for establishment and implementation of the safety management system. However, there has been a discrepancy between shipowners and ship management companies in interpreting the legislative texts, finally causing confusion. In this paper, I would like to examine the deficiencies in the regulation on the standard of qualifications of the Designated Person under the Maritime Safety Act and thereby suggest any possible improvements in it.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2006.11a
• /
• pp.333-336
• /
• 2006

E-marketplace is a kind of B2B e-Business system that supports business transactions among companies. If e-marketplace is revitalized, we expect not only the development of related industry but also decrease of transaction cost among companies. It is necessary for the introduction and revitalization of e-marketplace in tourist industry from this point of view. Participants of tour e-marketplace are tour-related companies(travel agencies, lodging enterprises, shipping enterprises, etc.). Also tourists want to search a variety of tour products or contents. So tour e-marketplace has characteristics of B2C e-Business systems as well as B2B e-Business systems at once. The purpose of this study is to classify success factors that determine characteristics of tour e-marketplace through statistics survey from e-marketplace factors related tourism websites. First of all, we analyze success factors of B2B and B2C e-marketplace. Then we will set up influence factors of tour e-marketplace and conduct a survey about success factors of tour e-marketplace. Therefore, we could expect to find these good attributes in tour e-marketplace success through logistic regression and decision tree analysis from source data.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.183-199
• /
• 2015

This study aimed to systematize the apparel vendor work processes and provide useful information to future employees of clothing export units by analyzing the processes of vendors' manufacturing tasks. A survey of 20 apparel vendors servicing mainly U.S. buyers was conducted on employees of overseas business departments working for more than five years. buyers. Based on the results, vendors mainly manufactured cut-and-sew knit products. Regarding the production method, OEM was used more frequently than ODM. Fourteen (70%) companies used the ODM method. This suggests that vendors are expanding their production method from OEM to ODM. In order to summarize the work of each business based on the clothing production process research results, buyers were in charge of planning products and the vendors were in charge of sampling. Production of materials and the approval of material tests were out sourced. Overseas factories of vendors were in charge of bulk (mass) production and garment finishing, as well as packaging and shipping the completed products. Even though the vendors' head offices do not directly produce clothes, they play a pivotal role in ensuring planning and management progress in clothing production. As buyers prefer direct contracts for cost reduction, the vendor additionally performs the role of an agent. Also, with the increase in ODM production ratio, the work area of the vendor is expanding. If Korean clothing exporters improve their global competitiveness by investing in the R&D of materials and design to enhance the ODM method, the development of Korea's clothing and export industry will benefit significantly.