• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.2 s.53
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• pp.371-384
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate attitude factor related to hearing conservation and to find attitude affecting the preventive behavior for hearing conservation. The research method used in this study was self-administered questionnaire. Samples of the study were composed of 353 workers exposed noise selected randomly in 10 ship-building manufacturing companies. Authors extracted following 9 factors related hearing conservation from 26 attitude propositions prepared from previous study results and health belief model; (1) general perceived susceptibility, (2) relative perceived susceptibility compared with colleagues, (3) concern to the personal protective devices, (4) perceived severity and concern to the hearing capacity, (5) concern to the hearing and noise assessment, (6) concern to the control noise and hearing conservation, (7) group pressure and reason of wearing protective devices, (8) apathy of hearing loss from noise, (9) knowledge about hearing conservation. Attitude factors affecting the preventive health behavior were general perceived susceptibility, concern to the noise control and hearing conservation, and concern to the personal protective devices in the case of wearing personal protective devices. But in the case of avoiding noise exposure as preventive health behavior, perceived severity and concern to the hearing capacity was a significant attitude factor with knowledge about hearing conservation.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.533-542
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• 2010

For a long times it has been believed that the Magnus effect of the rotating cylinder could be utilized for the lifting devices applicable to marine practices. It has been reported that the rotating cylinder installed on upper deck of commercial vessel could play a energy saving role however the idea might be applicable in a very rare case in ship building practices. In this study special high lift rudder system equipped with the trailing edge rotor has been suggested in correspondence with the increasing requirement of greater rudder force. Through the numerical simulation it is cleared that the trailing edge rotor could play a role in enhancement of circulation and refinement of boundary layer of the rudder system. At the same time it is found out that the lift force of the rudder system without rotation of trailing edge rotor could be doubled when the circumferential velocity of the trailing edge rotor is equal to twice of the inflow velocity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.34-40
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• 1994

Industrial Complex in Ulsan is one of the most important areas in the nation. It includes ship building, automobile production, petroleum industry, non-metalic industry, and related industries. However, water for drinking and industry use has been and will be short seriously. Thus available drinking water sources were searched. By rebuilding the two existing dams 20m higher than the present levels, $500,000m^3/day$(for 200days) of water sources may be produced. Additional volume of $13,000m^3/day$(for 200days) can be obtained by a number of small dam construction in the vincity area. Underground water of about $50,000m^3/day$ may also be available. The total of $680,000m^3/day$ could be produced in Ulsan area, which is enough for the population of 1,200,000 in Ulsan area even after year 2011. This newly searched volume of water may be free from pollution. Raising the dam levels may also prevent Ulsan city from chronic flooding problems. Additional advantage is that as much as the newly developed water resources can be supplied to the industrial complexes.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The effect of rotation on the unsteady laminar flaw past a circular cylinder is numerically investigated in the present study. The numerical solutions for the 2D Navier-Stokes equation obtained, using two different numerical methods. One is an accurate spectral method and the other is a finite volume method(FVM). First, the flaw around a stationary circular cylinder is investigated to understand the basic phenomenon of flaw separation and bluff body wake. Next, the flow characteristics of the laminar flow, past a rotating circular cylinder, are investigated, using a FVM developed in this study. By the effect of rotation, it is seen that values of lift increase, while the values of mean drag decrease. Further, the criteria of angular velocity, at which the Karman vorteces disappear, is also determined.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 2009

This paper reports on experimental investigations of self propulsion performance with synthetic (model) ice and refrigerated ice, which were conducted in a typical towing tank and ice tank, respectively. The main purpose of this research was to find the correlation between the selfpropulsion performance with synthetic ice in a typical towing tank and that with refrigerated ice in an ice tank. The different stresses between the synthetic ice and refrigerated ice influenced the self propulsion performance due to different ice and propeller interactions. A further study on the ice property variation for a self propulsion performance comparison is to be conducted in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.59-64
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• 2009

This study was conducted in order to investigate prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs) for farmers. The study was based on self-reporting questionnaire. The MSDs prevalence was ascertained by using three criteria, which are known as NIOSH criteria 1, 2 and 3. The results showed that the prevalences of MSDs in at least one body site by criteria 1, 2 and 3 were 96.4%, 66.7% and 26.2%, respectively. The MSDs prevalences for the shoulder by criterion 1 was the highest, followed by the lower back, neck, while the rates for the hip, feet and fingers were relatively low. Farmers' age, types of corps, working hours/day, length of service and length of service in current corps were not significant on the MSDs prevalences, except that types of corps and length of service in current corps were significant on the MSDs prevalences by criterion 2(p

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.14
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• pp.51-72
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• 2000

The International Chamber of Commerce introduced in September 1999 its new publication Incoterms 2000(ICC Publication No 560). The ICC was building on the past experiences in its revision works. I have discussed and commented constructively some main features and problems of the new set of terms. Incoterms 2000 takes into account, like already its predecessor did, the possibility that the parties may decide to communicate electronically and replace a paper transport document by an equivalent electronic data interchange message. This possibility will certainly be much more used under the present set of terms. Incoterms 2000 is well recognised by the international legal community, taking into account also the endorsements by UNCITRAL to its predecessor in the early 90's. Incoterms 2000 does not have major competitors remaining. However, the ICC still faces a battle to convince more traders to refer to its terms and to teach traders to understand and to apply them correctly. Incoterms 2000 is a tool for international trade created by a global business organisation. Its members decide every day if and to what extent they make use of this tool. The members of the ICC have participated actively in the drafting and commenting of Incoterms 2000 and thereby shown again a great deal of dynamism in creating rules for their own everyday use. Under these circumstances, "ship's rail approach" related to delivery point, risks and costs should be replaced by "on board approach" under FOB, CFR and CIF terms.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.707-714
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• 2012

Recently, tug boats are widely used for towing a barge which transports building materials, a large block of a ship, offshore crane, and so on. In order to simulate the dynamics of the coupled towing system correctly, the dynamics of the towline should be well modeled. In this paper, the towline was modeled as the multiple finite elements, and each element was assumed as a rigid cylinder which moves in five degrees of freedom except roll. The external tension and its moment acting on each element of the towline were modeled depending on the position vector's direction. Tugboat's motion was simulated in six degrees of freedom where wave and current effects were included, and towed barge was assumed to move in the horizontal plane only. In order to confirm the mathematical models of the coupled towing systems, standard maneuvering trials such as course changing maneuver, turning circle test and zig-zag test were simulated. In addition, the same trials were simulated when the external disturbances like wave and current exist. As the result, it is supposed that the results might be qualitatively reasonable.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.59-64
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• 1999

This study is about gaining orientation through anchorage act of a group of ferryman. In addition, a point acquisition and character of landmark that is closely realated to a point acquisition would be clarified by studying the form of configuration of the earth and object which is used landmark for anchorage. There are 13 anchorage points in the north part of Pusan harbor. 12 anchorage points are used to anchor. A ferryman let a ship which is temporarily anchoring move safely and speedily at the anchorage point. At that time, he uses landmarks by a technique of Overlay View. Between landmarks and viewer would be formed exquisite location combination. A mountain peak, a peak of island, nature configuration of land such as intermitent rock and location, size and form of buildings or structures of a city were variously appeared as landscape elements which were used landmarks. Looking at conditions to be easily captured as a target object, 1. A particular point of a mountain ridge line which was not shield by buildings. 2. In case objects have similar form, the building which was located in the front or the highest. 3. In case of a singular object, whatever there is physical elements, that would be a target object. Through this study a configuration of the ground such as a mountain peak which is become the background of harbor landscape is very important element to find anchorage point in configuration of the ground and object. So, the continuous preservation of the contour line of mountain is needed to do safe and effective anchorage act.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.156-162
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• 2008

Small FRP(fiber-reinforced polymer) fishing ships have numerous problems with the point of the environmental and recycling perspectives. In light of these aspects, aluminum can be used as a material for ship building. It is environmental friendly, easy to recycle, and provides a high added value to fishing boats. In this paper, we report on mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of welding parts for friction stir welded 5456-H116 Al alloy. In friction stir welded at various traveling speeds under the rotation speed of 500 RPM, the best characteristics presented in traveling speed of 15mm/min. The anodic polarizations of base metal and welding metal were observed tendency which current density from the open circuit potential suddenly increase. The cathodic polarization presented concentrated polarization caused by the dissolved oxygen reduction reaction and activation polarization caused by hydrogen generation. From result of Tafel analysis, the corrosion potential of 5456 alloy(Base metal) was lower than that of friction stir welded part, as were its corrosion current densities.