• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2921-2927
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• 2011

Modal Shift from road to rail has been adapted in several countries as one of effective ways of reducing $CO_2$ emissions caused by transport. Generally, effect analysis of $CO_2$ reduction toward modal shift is calculated mainly from use stage and less consideration from other stages of life cycle, even though, in some case of modal shift needs that new line construction or new vehicle manufacturing. In this study, modal shift effect analysis is performed with considering construction, manufacturing vehicle and use stage. As a result we can get total $CO_2$ reduction effect using life cycle thinking and check the necessity of including other life cycle stage not only considering use stage. In conclusion, there is no $CO_2$ reduction effect if the reduction amount of $CO_2$ in use stage is not bigger than allocated annual amount of $CO_2$ in construction and manufacturing vehicle stage. According to this fact, analysing $CO_2$ reduction effect of Modal Shift should be considered not only the use stage.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Based on a literature review regarding shift work, it is recognized that it has an adverse effect on workers' health. Especially, the night shift rather than the day shift imposes severe disorders on workers, which are indicated to dyssomnia, maladaptation to social life, and health problems such as gastroenteric trouble, cardiovascular diseases and depression. As the shift work can be explainable by using workers' labor ability necessarily to maintain company business consistently, it does not consider biorhythm, active mass and health condition of workers Actually duration of shit work would deprive workers of fundamental life rights by causing physical and mental effects. As a result of reviewing previous case studies related to effect of work pattern (day shift and night shift) on workers' health, an incidence of physical diseases like dyssomnia, gastroenteric trouble, cardiovascular diseases and premature delivery was higher in shift workers than normal workers. Additionally the incidence of mental disorders such as busy brain, social isolation, depression and work stress was also higher in shift workers than normal workers. These adverse physical and mental problems were intensified to night shift workers compared to day shift workers. Considering current various reports and study results, it is recommended that the shift work, especially the night work pattern, should not apply to contemporary work situation for sustaining workers' health condition constantly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.321-330
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare vitamin D levels, sleep quality, and anxiety symptoms between shift workers and daytime workers and analyze the mediating effect of vitamin D and sleep quality between shift work and anxiety symptoms. Methods: The subjects of the study were 6744 people who received a medical examination while working for an electronics manufacturing company in 2016. We evaluated their shift work, vitamin D levels, sleep quality, and anxiety symptoms with blood samples and questionnaires. Chi-square test, t-test and path statistical analysis were performed. Results: The shift workers had significantly higher symptoms of anxiety than the day workers, significantly lower levels of vitamin D in the blood, and significantly poorer quality of sleep. The results of the pathway analysis confirmed that blood vitamin D and sleep quality had a mediating effect between shift work and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Shift workers should be constantly paying attention to mental health effects such as anxiety symptoms. Shift workers should also be alerted of the risk of vitamin D deficiency, encouraged about sun exposure and vitamin D intake, and required to undergo training and counseling on sleep hygiene.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.2292-2296
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• 2010

2020 Korea GHG reduction goal is decreasing 4% compared with that of 2005. Effective counterplan of GHG redection goal needs to set for inductrial allocation and various reduction GHG technologies and policies for transportation have been developed. Modal shifr is one of these main policy and it focused on shifting as much freight as economically meaningful under current market conditions. It improves energy efficiency, consequently reduces GHG effect. This study is proposed as a preliminary studay of analyzing Modal shift effect. modal shift of car travelers to train is concerned in Seoul-Busan section, This study is based on a scenario which can maximize passenger occupancy rate to get the GHG reduction effect and the effect of modal shift of car to train is identified. According to this result, we can get GHG reduction effect through dealing with maximizing passenger occupancy rate on train. Therefore, in order to enhance this modal shift effect, train using rate need to increased and also improvement of policies and cost system are need to be considered to promote increasing use of train.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2019

Background: Few studies have examined the effects of a forward rotating shift pattern on police employee performance and well-being. This study sought to compare sleep duration, cognitive performance, and vigilance at the start and end of each shift within a three-shift, forward rotating shift pattern, common in United Kingdom police forces. Methods: Twenty-three police employee participants were recruited from North Yorkshire Police (mean age, 43 years). The participants were all working the same, 10-day, forward rotating shift pattern. No other exclusion criteria were stipulated. Sleep data were gathered using both actigraphy and self-reported methods; cognitive performance and vigilance were assessed using a customized test battery, comprising five tests: motor praxis task, visual object learning task, NBACK, digital symbol substitution task, and psychomotor vigilance test. Statistical comparisons were conducted, taking into account the shift type, shift number, and the start and end of each shift worked. Results: Sleep duration was found to be significantly reduced after night shifts. Results showed a significant main effect of shift type in the visual object learning task and NBACK task and also a significant main effect of start/end in the digital symbol substitution task, along with a number of significant interactions. Conclusion: The results of the tests indicated that learning and practice effects may have an effect on results of some of the tests. However, it is also possible that due to the fast rotating nature of the shift pattern, participants did not adjust to any particular shift; hence, their performance in the cognitive and vigilance tests did not suffer significantly as a result of this particular shift pattern.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.206-214
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• 2023

Objectives: To determine the effect of the various type and number of shift work on sociopsychological stress in the university hospital nurses in Seoul, South Korea. Methods: Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire that included general characteristics, the type and number of shift work in the past 4 weeks and the an sociopsychological stress based on PWI-SF. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of shift work by types on sociopsychological stress of university hospital nurses using SAS 9.4 and it adjusted general characteristics by the additional models. Results: When the number of night shift work 3 or 4 compared to 0, sociopsychological stress was significantly high(OR=2.16, 95% CI=1.29-3.65). When 5 or more, it was higher(OR=2.39, 95% CI=1.55-3.72). Two continuous night shift work compared to 0 increased sociopsychological stress(OR=2.37, 95% CI=1.49-3.81) and 3 or more even more(OR=2.70, 95% CI=1.72-4.27). If the shift work type changes 14 or 15 times compare to below 11, sociopsychological stress is increased and even higher when 15 or more times but it's not significant after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions: It suggests that workplace with nurse expose to shift work should be on lookout for more than three night shift work, more than two continuous night shift work and more than 14 shift work change which can lead to burnout, absenteeism, depression and decreased productivity.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shift work on occupational safety in various industrial sectors. The study analyzes the effects of shift work on the health of workers by considering factors such as the workplace environment and welfare. Methods: Focusing on the $4^{th}$ Korean Working Conditions Survey, this study used an ordinary least-square multiple regression analysis. The dependent variable was the annual frequency of injuries reported by workers. Independent variables were categorized as demographic, shift work, workplace environment, and welfare variables. The analysis was conducted on two levels: 1) Shift work and nonshift work groups were compared, and 2) Shift work was compared with fixed and rotating shifts. Results: For the entire group, age, a low level of education, work hours, and daily and dispatch work negatively impacted the frequency of injuries. Shift work was negatively affected by workplace environment and welfare factors. In the shift group, the frequency of injuries was lower than that of regular workers, and the higher the autonomy in the choice of work hours, the lower the frequency of injuries. Furthermore, shift workers in Korea have more extended work hours (49.25 h/week) than other workers (46.34 h/week). Conclusion: Overall, welfare factors such as workplace satisfaction and worke-life balance reduced the frequency of injuries. The effect of shift work was limited, but it was confirmed that shift worker autonomy could reduce the frequency of injuries.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.405-418
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• 2017

SHIFT is public rental housing policy introduced by Seoul Metropolitan in 2007, which works as Chonsei(korean unique deposit rental system). This paper examines the effect of SHIFT on Chonsei prices of neighborhood apartments. To estimate the change in prices of Chonsei after the provision of SHIFT, I collect data on Chonsei prices of apartments within a 5km radius from the SHIFT housings. Summary of main results are following. Chonsei prices of the apartments within a 2-3km radius decreased by 4.4% after the provision of SHIFT housings. In contrast, when it comes to apartments within a 1-2km radius, I can't find the stochastic relationship between the provision of SHIFT hosing and price changes. This results can be explained by "Offset effects" caused by real estate development. Provision of SHIFT can sequentially induce nearby area's development, which plays a factor in the effect of price increases. And this offset effects varies in each apartment complex depending on demand for Chonsei and supply of the SHIFT.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 2014

Predicting secondary structure of protein through assigned backbone chemical shifts has been used widely because of its convenience and flexibility. In spite of its usefulness, chemical shift based analysis has some defects including isotopic shifts and solvent interaction. Here, it is shown that corrected chemical shift analysis for secondary structure of protein. It is included chemical shift correction through consideration of deuterium isotopic effect and calculate chemical shift index using probability-based methods. Enhanced method was applied successfully to one of the proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is suggested that correction of chemical shift analysis could increase accuracy of secondary structure prediction of protein and small molecule in solution.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.619-627
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• 2020

This study measures the relationship between labor productivity and national competitiveness. Through the shift- share analysis method, the paper has separated labor productivity into three factors: static shift effect, dynamic shift effect and endogeneous effect. Next, in combination with the Granger causality test, the paper examines the relationship between the factors constituting labor productivity and competitiveness during the period from 2005 to 2017. Research data is collected from General Statistics Office and annual global competitiveness reports. The results show that the interaction between labor productivity with global competitiveness index (GCI) in Vietnam has similar variation. Nevertheless, when separating labor productivity into three effects, this relationship shows more clearly that the impact of labor productivity on GCI scores is mainly caused by endogeneous effect, not by static shift effect or dynamic shift effect. Therefore, in order to improve its competitiveness, Vietnam should focus on a number of solutions: reforming the education system towards developing thinking capacity and creative capacity; fostering industrial manners to create dynamic and flexible workers; building the State with sufficient capacity to implement consistent and transparent policies; formulating policies to attract all economic sectors so that they actively participate in the field of human resource training for the country.