• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2004

This study was conducted to increase the value of Aster glehni as a useful food resource. The Hunter L, a and b Values of Aster glehni leaves Were 34.23${\pm}$2.80, -10.59${\pm}$1.80 and 13.29${\pm}$2.51, respectively. The Shearing force and contents of tannin and dietary fiber were 4701.2g, 100.9ppm and 37.1％, respectively. The minerals identified in Aster glehni were Ca (6.93mg/kg), K (45.36mg/kg), Mg (1.70mg/kg), Fe (0.36mg/kg) and Na (1.26mg/kg). Aster glehni Kimchi was packed in polyethylene film (200g) and fermented at 20 and 4$^{\circ}C$. With regards to the color changes, the Aster glehni Kimchi fermented at 20$^{\circ}C$ showed greater increases in the Hunter L, a and b values than a 4$^{\circ}C$. The pH of the Kimchi decreased and acidity increased with storage time at both temperatures. The ascorbic acid contents decreased sharply with storage time and by about 85％ at 20$^{\circ}C$ after 5 days, and 73％ at 4$^{\circ}C$ after 30 days. The reducing sugar content also decreased with storage time at both 20 and 4$^{\circ}C$. The results of the sensory evaluation showed the optimum ripening times of the Aster glehni Kimchi to be 1∼3 days at 20$^{\circ}C$ and less than 20 days at 4$^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.129-134
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• 1983

Importance has been increased on farming mechanization in harvesting, handling and processing of forage in Korea. Small grasslands are most spread and popular in Korea in comparison with those of Europe and America. Therefore shearing characteristics of some major forage crops should be studied to be contributed to the basic data to develop a moderate size forage harvester being suitable to the small grassland. They were studied on six kinds of forage crops - reed canarygrass, alfalfa, red clover, orchardgrass, meadow fescue and birdsfoot trefoil-in regarding with moisture content levels and shearing angles. The results were as follows; 1. The increase rate of the linear density in relation to the diameter was greater in red clover than other kinds, and order of increase rate in greatness was reed canarygrass, alfalfa and meadow fescue. 2. The increase rates of the maximum shear forces were high in relation to their cross - sectional area in alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil with hard stems, and the shear energy were comparatively large in orchardgrass and meadow fescue with soft stems, also reed canarygrass and red clover had high values in both the maximum shear force and the shear energy. 3. The shear energy per unit area or shear strength in relation to moisture content showed concave curves with the minimum values at about 70%w. b. which was in the beginning stage of drying in meadow fescue and orchardgrass, nevertheless reed canarygrass and red clover had convex curves with the maximum values at about 40%w.b. 4. The shear force in relation to the shear angle decreased generally with decrease of shear angle from $90^{\circ}$ to $70^{\circ}$ or $50^{\circ}$.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 2000

The paper describes the vibration and stability of tapered beams on two-parameter elastic foundations. The two-parameter elastic foundations are constructed by distributed Winkler springs and a shearing layer as of ten used in soil models. The shear deformation and the rotatory inertia of a beam are taken into account. Governing equations are derived from energy expressions using Hamilton\`s principle. The associated eigenvalue problems are solved to obtain the free vibration frequencies or the buckling loads. Numerical results for the vibration of a beam with an axial force are presented and compared when other solutions are available. Vibration frequencies, mode shapes, and critical forces of a tapered Timoshenko beam on elastic foundations under an axial force are investigated for various thickness ratios, shear foundation parameters, Winkler foundation parameters and boundary conditions.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.81-85
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• 2009

As panfacial fractures are involved multiple fracture, there are possibility of many pre-operative & postoperative complications. It is necessary to do exact pre-operative evaluation, appropriate operation and care, for preventing and treating these complications, especially related to optic nerve injury. The complication occurs rarely after periorbital facial bone fracture, and indirect injuries may occur as a result of impact shearing force transmitted into the optic nerve axons or to the nutrient vessels of the optic nerve. Also indirect injuries may occur after the force of impact because of vasospasm and swelling of the optic nerve within the confines of the nonexpansile optic canal. It is necessary to active evaluation and treatments involving decompression of the orbit surgically and high dose steroid therapy in relation to panfacial fracture. But sometimes this treatments are limited due to severe swelling of the face and related multiple bone fractures in the body. This case showed the delayed neuropathy, at last visual loss, in spite of megadose methylprednisolone administration. The purpose of this article is to present indirect traumatic optic neuropathy that is one of many complications in panfacial bone fracture.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.177-185
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• 1990

The break of rotary blade is occured from a stress concentration of the inside of blade by the outside impulsive load. In order to examine its inside stress and stress concentration of rotary blade, a epoxy plate which is suitable to applicate by photoelastic system is used to experiment. These results are summarized as follow. 1. Refer to the existence of bolt hole and a size of its of rotary blade, a stress concentration which cause the break of rotary blade is not exposed. 2. It is expected to be break to section of hold of rotary blade and the break of this is due to that there are concentrated by shearing force, bending moment and bending stress. 3. When the crack which caused from processing are set up to any location, the stress concentration taken to the creak point. 4. Without regard to the location of the reaction points of rotary blade, the bending stress which is greated than the bending moment is occured within about 6 em toward the center line of bolt hole and it was possible to break that section.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.723-740
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• 2016

Reinforced concrete corbels are generally used to transfer loads within a structural system, such as buildings, bridges, and facilities in general. They commonly present low aspect ratio, requiring an accurate model for shear strength prediction in order to promote flexural behavior. The model described here, originally developed for walls, was adapted for corbels. The model is based on a reinforced concrete panel, described by constitutive laws for concrete and steel and applied in a fixed direction. Equilibrium in the orthogonal direction to the shearing force allows for the estimation of the shear stress versus strain response. The original model yielded conservative results with important scatter, thus various modifications were implemented in order to improve strength predictions: 1) recalibration of the strut (crack) direction, capturing the absence of transverse reinforcement and axial load in most corbels, 2) inclusion of main (boundary) reinforcement in the equilibrium equation, capturing its participation in the mechanism, and 3) decrease in aspect ratio by considering the width of the loading plate in the formulation. To analyze the behavior of the theoretical model, a database of 109 specimens available in the literature was collected. The model yielded an average model-to-test shear strength ratio of 0.98 and a coefficient of variation of 0.16, showing also that most test variables are well captured with the model, and providing better results than the original model. The model strength prediction is compared with other models in the literature, resulting in one of the most accurate estimates.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2011

Traumatic intracranial aneurysms are rare, comprising 1% or less of all cerebral aneurysms. The majority of these aneurysms arise at the skull base or in the distal anterior and middle cerebral arteries or their branches following direct mural injury or acceleration-induced shearing force. We present a 50-year-old patient in whom subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was developed as a result of traumatic aneurysm rupture after a closed craniofacial injury. Through careful evaluation of the three-dimensional computed tomography and conventional angiographies, the possible mechanism of the traumatic internal carotid artery trunk aneurysm is correlated with a hit injury by the bony protuberances on the anterior and posterior clinoid processes. This traumatic aneurysm was successfully obliterated with clipping and wrapping technique. The possibility of a traumatic intracranial aneurysm should be considered when patient with SAH demonstrates bony protuberances on the clinoid process as a traumatic aneurysm may result from mechanical injury by the sharp bony edges.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.607-614
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• 2010

Shear behavior of granular soils largely affects the safety and stability of underground and earth structures. This study presents the characteristics of shear zone in a direct shear test using shear wave and electrical resistivity measurements. An innovative direct shear box made of transparent acrylic material has been developed to prevent direct electric current. Bender elements and electrical resistivity probe are embedded in the wall of direct shear box to estimate the shear wave velocities and the electrical resistivity at the shear and non-shear zones. Experimental results show that the void ratio and shear wave velocity at shear zone increase during shearing while the values remain constant at non-shear zone. The results demonstrate correlation among the contact force, small strain shear modulus, and void ratio at shear zone. This study suggests that the application of the modified direct shear box including shear wave and electrical resistivity measurements may become an effective tool for analyzing soil behavior at shear zone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2004.03b
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• pp.698-705
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• 2004

Application of structural load on soft ground can cause lateral movement as well as ground break due to pressing and shearing of ground. Especially, abutment supported by pile foundation can make pile deformed due to lateral movement of ground in order to have harmful effect on structure. According to the result of this study, it is required to consider disturbance of weak soil layer when using lateral movement countermeasure method by EPS construction method as a result of performing study on safety review and EPS construction method with respect to this based on site where lateral movement occurs due to backside soil filling load at bridge abutment installed on weak ground, and it is required to sufficiently consider soil reduction during design of EPS construction method due to lateral movement deformation of soft clay layer by losing ground horizontal resistance force due to plasticity of ground around pile as well as combination part damage with pile head and expansion foundation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2016

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as a scaffold for cell culture. Because both the stress and strain acting on the substrate and the hemodynamic environment are important for studying mechano-transduction of cellular function, the traction force of the surface of a substrate has been measured using fluorescence images of particle distribution. In this study, deformation of the cross-sectional plane of a PDMS block was measured by correlating particle image distributions to validate the particle image strain measurement technique. Deformation was induced by a cone indentor and a shearing parallel plate. Measured deformations from particle image distributions were in agreement with the results of a computational structure analysis using the finite-element method. This study demonstrates that the particle image correlation method facilitates measurement of deformation of a polymer scaffold in the cross-sectional plane.