• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2007년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.92-96
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• 2007

Microphone array beamforming method has been recognized as an important aeroacoustic research field and become a standard technique in localizing sound sources. This method also used in flight acoustic measurement, and especially, it is very useful when measure sounds inside the wind tunnel. In measuring sound which is inside the wind tunnel by traditional beamforming method, there are some errors caused by airstream. The speed and the propagation path of the sound changes as it travel through the airstream. This makes the error which the position of sound is changed a little bit to the down stream direction. In this paper, validation test has made about the correction equation for this wind effects of previous researches. And beamforming including shear layer correction was performed about a sound source in the anechoic open-jet windtunnel.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.612-618
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• 2008

Microphone array beamforming method has been recognized as an important aeroacoustic research field and become a standard technique in localizing sound sources. This method also used in flight acoustic measurement, and especially, it is very useful when measure sounds inside the wind tunnel. In measuring sound which is inside the wind tunnel by traditional beamforming method, there are some errors caused by airstream. The speed and the propagation path of the sound changes as it travel through the airstream. This makes the error which the position of sound is changed a little bit to the down stream direction. In this paper, validation test has made about the correction equation for this wind effects of previous researches. And beamforming including shear layer correction was performed about a sound source in the anechoic open-jet wind tunnel.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.309-324
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• 2005

This paper presents an efficient and accurate coupled beam model for piezoelectric bimorphs based on improved first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The model combines the equivalent single layer approach for the mechanical displacements and a layerwise modeling for the electric potential. General electric field function is proposed to reasonably approximate the through-the-thickness distribution of the applied and induced electric potentials. Layerwise defined shear correction factor (k) accounting for nonlinear shear strain distribution is introduced into both the shear stress resultant and the electric displacement integration. Analytical solutions for free vibrations and forced response under electromechanical loads are obtained for the simply supported piezoelectric bimorphs with series or parallel arrangement, and the numerical results for various length-to-thickness ratios are compared with the exact two-dimensional piezoelasticity solution. Excellent predictions with low error estimates of local and global responses as well as the modal frequencies are observed.

• International Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2016

A trigonometric Layerwise higher order shear deformation theory (TLHSDT) is developed and implemented for free vibration and buckling analysis of laminated composite and sandwich plates by analytical and finite element formulation. The present model assumes parabolic variation of out-plane stresses through the depth of the plate and also accomplish the zero transverse shear stresses over the surface of the plate. Thus a need of shear correction factor is obviated. The present zigzag model able to meet the transverse shear stress continuity and zigzag form of in-plane displacement continuity at the plate interfaces. Hence, botheration of shear correction coefficient is neglected. In the case of analytical method, the governing differential equation and boundary conditions are obtained from the principle of virtual work. For the finite element formulation, an efficient eight noded $C^0$ continuous isoparametric serendipity element is established and employed to examine the dynamic analysis. Like FSDT, the considered mathematical model possesses similar number of variables and which decides the present models computationally more effective. Several numerical predictions are carried out and results are compared with those of other existing numerical approaches.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.14-26
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• 2004

For reliable determination of mechanical characteristics of adhesively bonded joints used e.g. as input data for computer-aided design of complex components, the thick-adherend tensile-shear test according to ISO 11003-2 is the most important material testing method. Although the total displacement of the joint is measured across the polymer layer directly in the overlap zone in order to minimize the influence of the stepped adherends, the substrate deformation must be taken into account within the framework of the evaluation of the shear modulus and the maximum shear strain, at least when high-strength adhesives are applied. In the standard ISO 11003-2 version of 1993, it was prescribed to perform the substrate deformation correction by means of testing a one-piece reference specimen. The authors, however, pointed to the excessive demands on the measuring accuracy of the extensometers connected with this technique in industrial practice and alternatively proposed a numerical deformation analysis of a dummy specimen. This idea of a mathematical correction was included in the revised ISO 11003-2 version of 2001 but in the simplified form of an analytical method based on Hooke's law of elasticity for small strains. In the present work, it is shown that both calculation techniques yield considerably discordant results. As experimental assessment would require high-precision distance determination (e.g. laser extensometer), finite element analyses of the deformation behavior of the bonded joint are performed in order to estimate the accuracy of the obtained substrate deformation corrections. These simulations reveal that the numerical correction technique based on the finite element deformation modeling of the reference specimen leads to considerably more realistic results.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호통권30호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1997

Laminated composite shells exhibit properties comsiderably different from those of the single-layer shell. Thus, to obtain the more accurate solutions to laminated composite shells ptoblems, effects of shear strain should be condidered in analysis of them. A higher-order shear deformation theory requires no shear correction coefficients. This theory is used to determine the buckling loads of elastic shells. The theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear through the thickness of the shell and rotary inertia. Exact solutions of simply-supported shells are obtained and the results are compared with the exact solutions of the first-order shear deformation theory, and the classical theory. The present theory predicts the buckling loads more accurately when compared to the first -order and classical theory.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.2292-2301
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• 2000

We propose an accurate and efficient estimation method of transverse shear stresses for analysis and design of laminated composite structures by 4-node quadrilateral degenerated shell elements. To get proper distributions of transverse shear stresses in each layer, we use 3-dimensional equilibrium equations instead of constitutive equations with shear correction factors which vary diversely according to the shapes of shell sections. Three dimensional equilibrium equations are integrated through the thickness direction with complete polynomial membrane stress fields, which are recovered by REP (Recovery by Equilibrium in Patches) recovery method. The 4-node quadrilateral degenerated shell element used in this paper has drilling degrees of freedom and shear stresses derived from assumed strain fields that are set up at natural coordinate systems. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed estimation method attains reasonable accuracy and efficiency compared with other methods and FE analysis using 4-node degenerated shell elements.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1353-1368
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• 2015

A finite element model is presented for the analysis of composite steel-concrete beams based on a refined high-order theory. The employed theory satisfies all the kinematic and stress continuity conditions at the layer interfaces and considers effects of the transverse normal stress and transverse flexibility. The global displacement components, described by polynomial or combinations of polynomial and exponential expressions, are superposed on local ones chosen based on the layerwise or discrete-layer concepts. The present finite model does not need the incorporating any shear correction factor. Moreover, in the present $C^1$-continuous finite element model, the number of unknowns is independent of the number of layers. The proposed finite element model is validated by comparing the present results with those obtained from the three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. In addition to correctly predicting the distribution of all stress components of the composite steel-concrete beams, the proposed finite element model is computationally economic.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2018

In this article, buckling and free vibration of functionally graded (FG) nanobeams resting on elastic foundation are investigated by developing various higher order beam theories which capture shear deformation influences through the thickness of the beam without the need for shear correction factors. The elastic foundation is modeled as linear Winkler springs as well as Pasternak shear layer. The material properties of FG nanobeam are supposed to change gradually along the thickness through the Mori-Tanaka model. The small scale effect is taken into consideration based on nonlocal elasticity theory of Eringen. From Hamilton's principle, the nonlocal governing equations of motion are derived and then solved applying analytical solution. To verify the validity of the developed theories, the results of the present work are compared with those available in literature. The effects of shear deformation, elastic foundation, gradient index, nonlocal parameter and slenderness ratio on the buckling and free vibration behavior of FG nanobeams are studied.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1493-1515
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• 2015

A new refined hyperbolic shear deformation theory (RHSDT), which involves only four unknown functions as against five in case of other shear deformation theories, is presented for the thermoelastic bending analysis of functionally graded sandwich plates. Unlike any other theory, the number of unknown functions involved is only four, as against five in case of other shear deformation theories. The theory presented is variationally consistent, does not require shear correction factor, and gives rise to transverse shear stress variation such that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness satisfying shear stress free surface conditions. The sandwich plate faces are assumed to have isotropic, two-constituent material distribution through the thickness, and the modulus of elasticity, Poisson's ratio of the faces, and thermal expansion coefficients are assumed to vary according to a power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. The core layer is still homogeneous and made of an isotropic ceramic material. Several kinds of sandwich plates are used taking into account the symmetry of the plate and the thickness of each layer. The influences played by the transverse shear deformation, thermal load, plate aspect ratio and volume fraction distribution are studied. Numerical results for deflections and stresses of functionally graded metal-ceramic plates are investigated. It can be concluded that the proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the thermoelastic bending behavior of functionally graded plates.