• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

Fifteen major naturally populated habitats around the Mt. Halla, Jeju province for wild Cornus kousa are mostly located on the southeast side of the mountains at 850-1,550m in altitude at sea level and are in half sunney areas. More than 40.0% of the naturally populated area of Cornus kousa are edge of forest areas and 53.3% populate on the steep slope of the mountain in 0-5℃. The direction of the slop for about 40.0% of total populated areas is southeast. In the naturally populated areas, total of 64 taxa dividing into 42 families, 59 genera 56 species and 8 varieties have been shown, mostly Hydrangea petiolaris, Rubus oldhamii, Ilex crenata, Sasa quelpaertensis, Ligustrum obtusifolium. It is suggested that these areas are secondary forest in a typical deciduous forest in Mt. Halla where the second transition had been progressed after forest damage or environmental stress. The index of species diversity of plant groups in these areas is 1.286-4.238 based on the Shannon-Wiener's method.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제102권4호
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• pp.560-565
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• 2013

국내의 느릅나무(Ulmus davidiana var. japonica) 집단에 대한 유전구조와 유전다양성을 분석하였다. 느릅나무 7개 자연집단, 171개체에 대하여 7개 ISSR 표지자를 이용하여 총45개의 다형적 증폭산물을 확인하였다. 유효대립인자와 다형적 유전자좌 비율의 평균값은 1.5개와 89%이었다. Shannon의 다양성 지수(I)가 0.435, 빈도주의 방법에 의한 이형접합도 기대치($H_e$)는 0.289, 베이즈 추정에 의한 이형접합도 기대치(hs)가 0.323으로 나타났다. AMOVA 분석에서 느릅나무 집단의 유전변이 중 4.2%가 집단간 차이(${\Phi}_{ST}=0.042$)에 기인하였으며, 95.8%를 집단내 개체들이 보유하고 있었다. 베이즈 추정에 의한 집단간 유전분화율(${\theta}^{II}$)은 0.043으로 나타났다. 국내 느릅나무 집단의 유전다양성은 다른 느릅나무속 수종과 유사한 수준에 해당하였으나, 집단간 유전분화 정도는 매우 낮았다. 베이즈 근사추정에서 집단별 고정지수(평균 $PS-F_{IS}=0.822$)나 집단 특이적 유전분화율(평균 $PS-F_{ST}=0.101$)에서 유의할 만한 차이를 보이는 집단은 없었다. 군집분석과 주성분분석에서 7개의 집단들을 3개 군집으로 나눌 수 있었으나, 두 방법의 군집 양상은 일치하지 않았다. 또한 베이즈 군집분석에서 집단간 유연관계와 지리적 분포의 상관성을 확인할 수 없었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2014

본 연구는 ISSR 표지자를 이용하여 국내 분포하는 황벽나무 7개 집단의 유전다양성과 유전구조를 분석하였다. 6개의 ISSR primer를 이용하여 분석한 결과 primer 당 평균 4.5개의 다형성 band를 확인하였고, 각 집단의 다형성 유전자좌의 비율은 평균 78.8%로 나타났다. Shannon의 유전다양성 지수(I)는 0.421로 나타났고, 이형접합체 기대치($H_e$)는 평균 0.285로 베이즈 방법을 이용한 평균 이형접합체 기대치(hs=0.287)와 유사하였다. AMOVA에서 전체 유전변이의 92.4%가 집단내 개체간 차이에 기인하며, 7.6%는 집단간 차이에 기인하였다. 베이즈 방법을 이용한 유전분화(${\theta}^{II}$)는 0.066으로 추정되었으며, 전체 집단의 근친교배율(f)은 0.479로 계산되었다. 유연관계 분석과 베이즈 군집분석결과 우리나라 황벽나무 집단은 가평, 화천, 봉평, 용평이 하나의 군집을 형성하였고, 산청 지역의 2개 집단(삼장 및 시천)이 다른 하나의 군집을 형성하였으며, 무주 집단이 산청지역의 집단과 지리적으로 근접함에도 불구하고 독립적인 군집을 나타내었다. Mantel's test 결과 집단간 유전적 유연관계와 지리적 분포의 상관성은 나타나지 않았다. 황벽나무의 유전자원보존을 위한 대상 집단 선정 시 생태적 및 생활사적 특징과 함께 본 연구결과에서 나타난 유전다양성과 군집구조 분석결과를 고려하는 것이 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1446-1457
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• 2016

이 논문은 무제치늪에서 채집한 기장대풀(Isachne globosa Kuntze), 솔방울고랭이(Scirpus karuisawensis Makino), 이삭귀개(Utricularia racemosa Wall.), 좀개수염(Eriocaulon decemflorum Maxim.)등 4종의 식물 뿌리에서 서식하는 내생곰팡이의 분포 및 다양성을 확인하기 위해 조사하였다. 총 226 균주가 분리되었고, 3문(Phyla), 7강(Class), 10목(Order), 22과(Family), 31(genera)속으로 분리되었다. 내생진균에서 가장 많이 분리된 속은 Acephala (19.9%), Tolypocladium (16.3%), Neopestalotiopsis (11.5%), Perenniporia (7.1%) 순으로 확인하였다. 다양성지수 분석에 있어서, 이삭귀개(Ur)가 다른 식물 종에 비해 종 풍부도 (Menhinick's index = 2.37), (Margalef's index = 4.46)와, 종 균등도 (Simpson's index diversity = 0.91), 그리고 종 다양성(Shannon's indx = 2.57)로 높게 나왔다. 이러한 분석 결과를 봤을 때, 이삭귀개(Ur)에서 내생진균이 가장 다양하게 서식할 수 있는 것으로 보여진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

This study aimed to investigate the diversity of the Butyrivibrio group bacteria in goat rumen and its response to garlic oil (GO) supplementation as revealed by molecular analysis of cloned 16S rRNA genes. Six wethers fitted with ruminal fistulas were assigned to two groups for a cross-over design with 28-d experimental period and 14-d interval. Goats were fed a basal diet without (control) or with GO ruminal infusion (0.8 g/d). Ruminal contents were used for DNA extraction collected before morning feeding on d 28. A total bacterial clone library was firstly constructed by nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene cloned sequences using universal primers. The resulting plasmids selected by Butyrivibrio-specific primers were used to construct a Butyrivibrio group-specific bacterial clone library. Butyrivibrio group represented 12.98% and 10.95% of total bacteria in control and GO group, respectively. In libraries, clones were classified to the genus Pseudobutyrivibrio, Butyrivibrio and others within the family Lachnospiraceae. Additionally, some specific clones were observed in GO group, being classified to the genus Ruminococcus and others within the family Ruminococcaceae. Based on the criterion that the similarity was 97% or greater with database sequences, there were 29.73% and 18.42% of clones identified as known isolates (i.e. B. proteoclasticus and Ps. ruminis) in control and GO groups, respectively. Further clones identified as B. fibrisolvens (5.41%) and R. flavefaciens (7.89%) were specifically found in control and GO groups, respectively. The majority of clones resembled Ps. ruminis (98% to 99% similarity), except for Lachnospiraceae bacteria (87% to 92% similarity) in the two libraries. The two clone libraries also appeared different in Shannon diversity index (control 2.47 and GO group 2.91). Our results indicated that the Butyrivibrio group bacteria had a complex community with considerable unknown species in the goat rumen.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the ecological attributes of forest types which were classified by cluster analysis in the natural forest of Mt. Odae on the basis of the vegetation data (232 sampling points) from the point-quarter sampling methods. For the classified types, the species composition was expressed by importance value to describe the stand structure and the species diversity was quantified using the Shannon's diversity index. Recognized forest types were 1) Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora-Betula ermanii forest type, 2) Mixed mesophytic forest type, 3) Q. mongolica forest type, 4) B. ermanii forest type. Species diversity indices of total and overstory were highest in the Mixed mesophytic forest type (3.465 and 2.942), and lowest in the B. ermanii forest type (0.118 and 0.832). In addition to that, Q. mongolica-P. densiflora-B. ermanii forest type was calculated as 3.226 and 2.565, and Q. mongolica forest type was calculated as 2.776 and 1.218 in total and overstory, respectively. It was considered that after the P. densiflora and B. ermanii first invaded and site condition became good, Q. mongolica-P. densiflora-B. ermanii forest type was dominated by Q. mongolica. Mixed mesophytic forest type showed the most stable stand structure with various species distributed uniformly. Q. mongolica forest type would preserve the present stand status for a while, and the B. ermanii in B. ermanii forest type would be pressed by other species over time.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2018

Endophytic fungi strains (n = 81) were isolated from the leaves, barks, and fruits of Camellia oleifera from Hunan province (China) to delineate their species composition and potential as biological control agents of C. oleifera anthracnose. The fungi were identified by morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Fungal colonization rates of the leaves, barks, and fruits were 58.02, 27.16, and 14.81%, respectively. The isolates were identified as 14 genera, belonging to two subdivisions, Deuteromycotina and Ascomycotina; 87.65% of all isolates belonged to Deuteromycotina. The dominant species, occurring with a high relative frequency, were Pestalotiopsis sp. (14.81%), Penicillium sp. (14.81%), and Fusarium sp. (12.35%). The Simpson's and Shannon's diversity indices revealed the highest species diversity in the leaves, followed by the barks and fruits. The similarity index for the leaves versus barks comparison was the highest, indicating that the number of endophytic fungal species shared by the leaves and barks was higher than barks and fruits or leaves and fruits. Based on the results of dual culture experiments, only five strains exhibited antifungal activity against C. oleifera anthracnose pathogen, with isolate ty-64 (Oidium sp.) generating the broadest inhibition zones. Our results indicate that the endophytes associated with C. oleifera could be employed as natural agents controlling C. oleifera anthracnose.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.660-670
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• 2014

The Korean plum yew (Cephalotaxus koreana Nakai) is a shade-tolerant, coniferous shrub. The seeds have been used as a folk medicine in Korea, and an alkaloid extract (HTT) is known to have anticancer properties. We estimated the genetic diversity of 429 trees in 16 populations in South Korea using 194 polymorphic amplicons from seven combinations of AFLP primer-restriction enzymes. The average number of effective alleles and the percentage of polymorphic loci were 1.37 and 79.4%, respectively. Shannon's diversity index and the expected heterozygosity were 0.344 and 0.244, respectively. We divided 16 populations into four groups on the UPGMA dendrogram and the PCA biplot. The first two principal components explained 84% of the total genetic variation. Genetic differentiation between populations explained 14% of total genetic variation, and the remaining 86% came from difference between individuals within populations, as determined by an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). However, the genetic differentiation did not correlate with the geographic distance between populations from the Mantel test. The Bayesian statistics, which are comparable to Wright's $F_{ST}$ and Nei's $G_{ST}$, were ${\theta}^I=0.406$ and ${\theta}^{II}=0.172$, respectively. The population genetic diversity was slightly lower, and the strength of genetic differentiation was much weaker, than the average of those plants having similar life histories, as assessed using arbitrary marker systems. We discuss strategies for the genetic conservation of the plum yew in Korea.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2005

대청호에서 수화 발생이 빈번한 추소리 수역에서 2005년 3월 15일에 채취한 시료를 대상으로 유전자 분식에 의한 cyanobacteria의 다양성을 조사하였다. rpcBA-Intergenic Spacer (IGS)는 cyanobacteria에 특징적 색소인 phycocyanin을 합성하는 유전자와 유전자 사이의 부분으로, 환경시료에서 cyanobacteria의 다양성을 조사하기에 매우 유용한 기능 유전자이다. cpcBA-IGS를 이용하여 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP)으로 cyanobacteria의 다양성을 분석한 결과 Phomidium 속은 58 clones, Anabaena 속은 14 clones, Microcyxtis 속은 4 clones, Spirulina 속은 1 clone 그리고 uncultured cyanobacteria 2 clones가 존재하였다. 전반적으로 Phormidium 속이 우점하였으며, 여름철에 수화를 일으키는 Anabaena 속과 Microcystis 속도 많이 분포하였다. 따라서 cyanobacteria는 cpcBA-IGS와 같은 기능 유전자에 의한 종 동정 및 군집분석이 가능함을 보였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.120-129
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• 2007

Rapid urbanization has transformed the spatial pattern of urban land use or cover. This paper concentrates that changed characteristics of landscape structure in the Tancheon Watershed, from 1995 to 2003 were investigated using land cover map. We used FRAGSTATS software to calculate landscape indices to characterize the landscape structure. We found that built up area has been increased rapidly during the study period, while cultivated area and forest area have been decreased rapidly in the same period. From 1995 to 2003, built up area was increased from 19.73% to 39.62% and cultivated area and forest area was decreased 17.60% to 5.97% and 58.31% to 49.41%. Number of patches, mean euclidean nearest-neighbor distance, contagion index, Shannon's diversity index increased considerably from 1995 to 2003, also suggesting the landscape in the study area became more fragmented and heterogeneous. but because of continuously fragmentation, landscape became homogeneity. The study demonstrates that landscape metrics can be a useful indicator in landscape monitoring and landscape assessment.