• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.225-233
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was to assess the intention of undergoing Pap testing and to identify influencing factors of HPV knowledge and their attitude related to Pap test by sexual activity among unmarried nurses. Methods: A cross sectional survey design was employed, utilizing a self-administered questionnaire amongst 343 unmarried nurses. Descriptive statistics was utilized to analyze data and inferential statistics used an independent-t test and ${\chi}^2$ test for the differences in measurement variables, and odds ratios for factors on intention of Pap testing by sexual activity. Results: Nurses not sexually active were significantly higher in intention of Pap testing (${\chi}^2$=40.15, p<.001) and influencing factors of HPV knowledge (t=3.93, p=.048) than did nurses who were sexually active. Factors influencing intention were regularity of the breast self-examination (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]=4.20, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.93~9.17), HPV knowledge (AOR=2.49, 95% CI=1.36~4.56), and attitudes toward the Pap test(AOR=2.33, 95% CI=1.25~4.34) amongst nurses who never had sexual experience. Conclusion: It is necessary to minimize negative attitudes of Pap testing and to increase HPV knowledge in order to improve intention of Pap testing for women who were not sexually active. More focus would be given to sexually active women to get Pap tested as a preventive measure for cervical cancer.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2016

Kisspeptin (Kiss) and its cognate receptor, kisspeptin receptor (KissR; G protein coupled receptor 54, GPR54), have recently been recognized as potent regulators of reproduction in teleosts. Additionally, leptin plays an important role in energy homeostasis and reproductive function in teleosts. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the concentration of the hormones of the Kiss/KissR system and leptin and the expression of their underlying genes, all of which are involved in the sexual maturation of female goldfish, Carassius auratus, following treatment with Kiss. The expression levels of KissR increased after the Kiss injection. Furthermore, the peptide hormone leptin also increased after the injection (in vivo and in vitro). Additionally, the expression of GnRH and GTHs (GTHα, FSHβ, and LHβ) increased in the brain and pituitary (in vitro and in vitro). These results support the hypothesis that Kiss plays important roles in the direct regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and leptin in goldfish. Therefore, we suggest that Kiss system gene expression is correlated with energy balance and reproduction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.148-164
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• 1996

The effect of circumvaginal muscle(CVM) exercises to improve sexual function in married women has not been investigated by currently acceptable research methods, nor have appropriate instruments and techniques to carry out such investigation been available. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of CVM exercise on sexual function, and of measuring CVM function after CVM exercises. The research tools used were a modified Derogates Sexual Function Inventory questionnaire and a pressure sensitive intravaginal balloon device. This research was conducted in Kwangju-city and Chonnam province, Korea from July, 1994 to July, 1995. The research used a non-equivalent control pre-post test quasi-experimental design. Forty-five healthy married female volunteers, aged 30-58, and were randomly assigned by age using the matching fixed-length blocks to two groups. The experimental group consisted of 21 women who were assigned a 25-minute per day CVM home exercise program for six weeks. The control group of 24 women did not do the CVM home exercises. The CVM home exercise was developed by Dougherty(1989a) and adopted to Korea by Lee (1993). Data were analyzed by $x^{2-}$test, Paired t-test, Spearman product-moment correlation using SAS /P $C^+. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of the subjects between the experimental and control groups before the CVM home exercises. 2. Hypothesis 1 that married women who participated in CVM home exercises would have higher mean scores on the sexual function(SF) than in those who did not participate in home exercise was supported. 3. Hypothesis 2 that married women who participated in CVM home exercises would have higher vaginal pressure on SF than in those who did not participate in home exercises was supported (mean maximum pressure, t＝－7.338, P＜.0001, peak maximum pressure, t＝－11.164, P＜.0001). 4. Hypothesis 3 that the more often(number of days) and the more frequent (numbers of time per day) that married women do CVM home exercise, the higher their mean scores on SF and vaginal pressures was supported（r＝0.233, P＜.01 ; r＝0.352, P＜.05）. A six week CVM home exercise program using a tape recording showed that SF can be improved. Results of this study showed that married women who exercise on a regular basis for six weeks improve their sexual function and increase the mean vaginal pressure and peak maximum pressure (tested by electronic monitor). In conclusion, CVM exercise is effective in increasing SF.SF.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.535-542
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to prevent recidivism by recognizing the seriousness of recidivism against sexual offenders under the age of 13 and providing customized social adaptation services based on risk. Method: The study evaluate the efficiency of existing models and proposed model systems, and compare and review what features and operational differences exist from existing models. Result: The proposed model will collect data from related agencies on sexual violence offenders with a high risk of recidivism and classify them into three risk groups through risk algorithms to provide social adaptation services for each risk group. In addition, by monitoring primary social support matching data, storing and re-analyzing the results data to rematch social support services, the model differs from the existing model in preventing recidivism of sexual violence offenders from a long-term perspective. Conclusion: The proposed model of this study is meaningful in that it proposed the basic data of a response system to prevent recidivism from a long-term perspective of sexual offenders with the highest risk of recidivism by collecting and analyzing data on sexual offenders.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 2007

Most previous research on safer sex and condom use has been mainly focused on individual's dispositional factors such as attitudes, perceived control, intention, and etc. However, a few researchers recently started to propose that condom use is not a matter of individual behavioral decision but a product of serious interactive negotiation processes and condom negotiation would be the proximal key-determinant of condom use behaviors. The present research categorized condom-negotiation strategies and preferences of Korean college students and examined relationship between the strategies and other sex-related concepts. 186 participants' strategies on a free-response questions of condom negotiation revealed 7 types of persuasion strategies for condom use; Pregnancy risk, responsibility, care for partner, withholding sex, sexual disease, direct request, and sexual satisfaction (in order of preference). 6 types of persuasion strategies for condom avoid were abstracted: Pregnancy free, Sexual satisfaction, responsibility, direct request, unfaith toward condom, and withholding sex (in order of preference). The effects of gender, sexual experience, and culture were found and discussed in their implications for sexual education,

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.430-442
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• 1997

Due to the lowering of biological functions resulted from old age, the elderly is known to have many different clinical laboratory data compared with the young adults. But, in korea, such study is lacking. This research is to find the differences between the elderly and the young adults, and also to know the sexual differences, by comparing the outcomes of the clinical. laboratory data. Along with that, it is to help clinical usage of the data in the future. The age of the elderly was between 60 and 83(average age 63.8), and that of the young. controls was between 20 and 35. In both sexes, MCV, MCH, ESR, CRP, AST, ALT, ${\gamma}$GTP, ALP, BUN, total cholesterol were significantly higher in the elderly than in the controls. And lymphocyte count(%), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, $T_3$ were significantly lower in the elderly than in the controls(P<0.05). Hemoglobin, Hct, platelet count, $T_4$ were significantly lower only in the male elderly, and eosinophil count(%), creatinine were significantly higher only in the female elderly(P<0.05). HDL cholesterol was significantly higher only in the male elderly(P<0.01). There were no significant difference between two groups regarding WBC count, segment neutrophil count(%), monocyte count(%), TSH. Many clinical laboratory data are different between the elderly and the young adults, and some clinical laboratory data also have sexual differences.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.27-42
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dating violence and to determine what variables served as predicting indicators among unmarried cortege students. The major findings were as follows; 1. Those who inflicted psychological aggression of the sample were 69%, physical violence 40%, and sexual violence 23%. As the sample indicates, dating violence among college students is a distribingly common phenomenon. 2. Both sexes reciprocally inflicted psychological aggression and physical violence. But males were more likely to inflict sexual violence and injury to their parkers. 3. Significant predictors of dating violence for both males and females were conflicts in the dating relationship, and a need to control one's partner. Despite the overlap of predictors for males and females, enough differences were found to warrant gender-specific models of dating violence. For males, violence experienced during childhood from their father was an important factor, while for females, school violence was an important factor.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.97-111
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• 2004

This study examines the different degrees of sexual awareness shown among high school girls in urban and rural areas. The analysis was carried out by dividing these students into urban and rural groups. A questionnaire of 51 questions based on previous studies and a review of the literature was prepared for students in the two groups after two preliminary surveys, a reliability test, and correlation. There were 721 copies of the questionnaire in total which were distributed to students of 2 urban and 4 rural girls' high schools. The analysis of the results was carried out using by means of SPSS 10.0, and it became clear that girl's students' viewpoints toward sex, the actual circumstances of their acquaintance of the opposite sex, the access to information about sex, the content of current sex education at school and the ideal type of sex education, tended to show differences between the two groups. This study showed that the standardized and uniform content and methods of current sex education in public schools does not work properly. Sex education at schools in South Korea has reached a limit of their effectiveness to a point where research into more effective sex education is required.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-61
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• 1978

A study was made to investigate a relationship existing in the dentoskeletal framework and the soft tissue profile around the face, and compare the sexual differences between boys and girls having the normal occlusion in the mixed dentition. The lateral cephalograms were composed of 67 boys aged 10.3 years and 68 girls aged 10.4 years, respectively. By means of the lateral cephalograms, both the hard-and soft tissue structures were simultaneously analyzed, measured and evaluated by introducing the several reference items: S-N plane, palatal plane, mandibular plane, N-A line and A-P line for the dentoskeletal structures and N’-P’line for the soft tissue, and the 21 measuring points for the both structures. The significant findings were as follows: 1. In general the boys showed the larger nasal component dimension than did the girls, but the length and height of nose(N’-Prn and NA-Prn) showed the significant sexual difference among those when evaluated statistically. 2. The lip-thickness was found to be minimal in the region of nasion, greater in the region of pogonion, and much greater in the region of point A in the both sexes, but the only thickness over point A(A-A’) showed the significant sexual difference statistically. 3. The upper and lower lip position were found to be located anteriorly to the esthetic line in the both sexes, but upper lip position showed the significant sexual difference when evaluated statistically. 4. The regions of nose and upper lip had a tendency not to be following the underlying skeletal profile.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.185-199
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamics of psychological and sexual violence in dating among high school students. Subjects consisted of 1,205 male and female adolescents from all parts of the country. 1,092 respondents were included in the final analysis(90.6%). For psychological violence, 13.3%(n=145) reported to have such experiences with a dating partner at least once or more. The most frequently used forms of violence were shouting, insulting language and behaviors, and blaming for a physical appearance. There were no sex differences in frequency of psychological violence between males and females, as an aggressor or a victim. Responses of victims were mostly negotiation and communication, and trying to forget it. For sexual violence, 27.8%(n=303) was found to have such experiences in a dating scence at least once or more. Hugging and kissing, close contact of parts of body, and gazing at parts of body were most frequently used forms. Responses of victims were pretending not to notice it and responding in the same way. There were significantly more male aggressors of sexual violence than females, but no sex difference in the number of victims. Those who reported to have experiences of violence were compared to the counterparts who had no experience in attitudes toward violence between dating partners and married couples, experiences of violence in childhood, school violence, and observations of violence between parents. Those with experience of dating violence reported to have significantly more experiences of violence in childhood and school, and parental violence. Based on the findings of this study, suggestion were made in regard to the need for development of dating violence prevention program for adolescents, and for welfare programs for adolescents in community.