• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-61
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• 2007

Most previous research on safer sex and condom use has been mainly focused on individual's dispositional factors such as attitudes, perceived control, intention, and etc. However, a few researchers recently started to propose that condom use is not a matter of individual behavioral decision but a product of serious interactive negotiation processes and condom negotiation would be the proximal key-determinant of condom use behaviors. The present research categorized condom-negotiation strategies and preferences of Korean college students and examined relationship between the strategies and other sex-related concepts. 186 participants' strategies on a free-response questions of condom negotiation revealed 7 types of persuasion strategies for condom use; Pregnancy risk, responsibility, care for partner, withholding sex, sexual disease, direct request, and sexual satisfaction (in order of preference). 6 types of persuasion strategies for condom avoid were abstracted: Pregnancy free, Sexual satisfaction, responsibility, direct request, unfaith toward condom, and withholding sex (in order of preference). The effects of gender, sexual experience, and culture were found and discussed in their implications for sexual education,

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.487-498
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to classify the lifestyles of 20's and 30's male consumers, identify the differences among the lifestyle groups, and analyze clothing values and buying behaviors according to the lifestyle types. The results of the study were as follows. First, as a result of cluster analysis to classify the lifestyles of 20's and 30's male consumers, 4 groups were identified as "adventurous and self-accomplishing type", "positive and socially active type", "active and trend seeking type", and "practical and information-oriented type". Second, 4 factors of Utilitarian Value were classified as "symbolism", "diversity of wearing purpose", "convenience of management", and "physical activeness". Third, 4 factors of Hedonic Value were extracted as "pursuit for confidence", "pursuit for sexual sensitivity", "pursuit for trend", and "pursuit for personality". Fourth, upon analyzing the differences of clothing values based on lifestyles, 4 groups considered the most important value as the pursuit of sexual sensibility. Fifth, the male consumers in 20's and 30's purchased to express individuality and made their own decision on buying the casual wear. Based on these results, adventurous and self-actualizing type and active and trend seeking type were 518 of 684 and represented male consumer in 20's and 30's.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.537-567
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• 2023

This study compared the nature of disgust caused by the crime scene with that by the stereotype of the sexual-minority defendant, and compared the effect of each type of disgust on evidence evaluation and legal judgment. A total of 600 participants (300 men, average age of 44.40) were randomly assigned to sources of disgust (crime scene, sexual minorities defendant, control condition), the existence of additional evidence of innocence (o/x), and the existence of judicial directives (o/x). As a result of the study, disgust under the condition of a cruel crime scene with strong physical disgust was significantly higher than that of the sexual minority defendant, interpreted the evidence in a more guilty direction, and was more prone to_evaluate that the defendant was guilty. It is noteworthy that evidence evaluation was a significant moderating variable between disgust and probability of guilt under conditions where the source of disgust was a sexual minority, but not under control conditions and crime scene condition. It means that the effect of disgust on legal judgment may not be direct when the defendant is a sexual minority. In addition, the existence of the judicial instruction had a significant inverse effect on the sentence. And simple effect analysis found that presenting judicial instruction lowered probability of guilt only under the control condition. This makes it reasonable to infer that disgust derived from the characteristics of the crime scene and the defendant can be recognized as integral emotions that are difficult to correct with instructions. Finally, pity for the defendant was significantly higher under the conditions of sexual minority which shows that an emotional response of sympathy may occur in addition to disgust for sexual minorities. After examining the nature of disgust (physical & moral), legal judgment according to the source and degree of disgust was reviewed. In addition, the meaning of disgust and sympathy for the sexual minority defendant was discussed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.310-319
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• 2007

Purpose: This study intends to investigate gender role identity and egalitarianism consciousness among adolescents and to determine the relationship between the two factors. Method: Data were collected from 376 middle and high school students in U City. Tools used were the Korean Sexual Role Identity (Kim, J. H., 2005) and the Gender Egalitarianism Consciousness among Adolescents (Kim, 2002). Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: There was no significant difference between boys and girls in sender role identity. Boys' gender role identity was different according to school grade (t=-3.19, p= .00), frequency of mother's hugging (t=-2.28, p= .02) and girls' according to religion (t=-2.24, p= .03) mother's job (F=3.59, p= .02), father's education level (F=3.20, p= .04), mother's education level (F=3.24, p= .04), family harmony (F=7.28, p= .00), and frequency of mother's hugging (t=-2.41. p= .02). There was significant difference in egalitarianism consciousness according to sender (t=-12.70. p= .00) Boys' egalitarianism consciousness was different according to school type (t= .02, p= .00) and father's education level (F=4.97, p= .02), and girls' according to school grade (t=-4.21 p= .00), school type (t=-3.12, p= .00), father's level of education (F=3.78. p= .02), decision maker of important domestic matter (F=4.95, p= .00) and frequency of mother's hugging (t=2.53, p= .01). In Girls, sexual role identity and sender egalitarianism consciousness were significantly correlated with each other (r= .01, p= .04). Conclusion: Through the study, it was found that boys' concern for sexual equality of was remarkably lower than girls. Therefore, it is necessary to offer curriculums for boys and to start social education for parents.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.223-236
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• 1997

One faces four major developmental tasks to achieve in young adulthood, ages between 20 and 40 : intimacy, vocation, marriage and child-rearing. Intimacy is the capacity to commit oneself to concrete affiliations and partnerships and to develop the ethical strength to abide by such commitments, even though they call for significant sacrifices and compromises. Through vocation and marriage young adults become united to networks of persons, find tasks that demand involvement, and gain roles into which they fit and are fitted and which help define their identities. An occupation represents much more than a set of skills and functions : it means a way of life. The extent of vocational choice increases with educational level, and the unconscious factors are frequency the decisive element. The vocational choice stare with fantasy choices in childhood, passes through tentative choices in adolescence, realistic choices in college days, and crystallized choices in post-college days, and finally ends up to the choice of specification. Along with the hazards and the need for realignment of personality functioning, the marriage brings with it new opportunities for self-fulfillment and completion. Motives other than a romantic love gain more importance in the decision to marry and in the choice of a partner. The impulsions to marry are sexual gratification, the desire to propagate, narcissistic gratification, and a need of interdependence. Many factors such as oedipal wishes, sexuality and sexual attractions, socio-economic classes, and geography involve in selection of marriage partner. There are also various motivations to marry a romantic love, the desire for a home of one's own, sexual attractions, the wish for security and a shelter, and the wish for children. The hostile marriage, the marriage on the rebound, the marriage rooted in rescue fantasies, and sado-masochistic marriage are the examples of pathological marriages. A successful marriage will usually both Lead to and require a marked reorganization of the personality structure of each partner that will influence the lurker personality development of each. Many marital problems are largely dependent upon the personality characteristics of one partner which might well create difficulties no manor who was the spouse.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.8-16
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• 2013

A GAL4 type transcription factor gene (formally annotated as AN3912) locating downstream of sndA (AN3911) was characterized. The putative transcription factor carries both Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster DNA-binding domain and transcription activator domain. The gene named gtfA (gal4 type transcription factor) had an open reading frame which consisted of 762 amino acids and was disrupted by three introns. The deletion mutant produced reduced amount of conidia but increased amount of fruiting bodies, suggesting that the GtfA make function in decision of asexual preferential to sexual development. The forced over expression of gtfA caused the retardation of fruiting body formation on high glucose concentration. The transcript level of gtfA was kept constant through the life cycle except late vegetative stage and early sexual development stage during which slight increase was found. The expression of gtfA was not significantly affected by sexual or asexual development regulators, such as VeA, NsdD or FluG, FadA, and SfaD. The GtfA repressed the nsdC transcription, which suggested that GftA control sexual development negatively via negative regulation of nsdC expression.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

The anchoring effect can be found when a decision shows cognitive prejudice towards the initial information given. Several studies have argued that such an effect is present even for judges in the courtroom. This paper seeks to find a relationship between judges' decisions on penalty sentences and the sentences recommended by prosecutors. In this study, 2,773 actual court cases are considered in the analysis, and quantile regression is used to show that the sentencing decisions judges make are anchored by the recommendations of prosecutors. However, this reliance on recommendations differs according to the seriousness of the crime committed. Specifically, at the lowest penalty levels, a one-month increase in the prosecutors' sentencing recommendation results in a 0.25-month increase in the judges' sentence, while at the highest sentence level, the judges' sentences increase by 0.78 months under an identical condition. The results of this research indicate the need to create more objective and clear sentencing guidelines in the future in an effort to mitigate the psychological pressure experienced by judges with regard to serious offences or heinous crimes.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.4 s.218
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• pp.87-99
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• 2006

This study focused on the validity of Imago couple therapy's contents and the effects of application of the Imago couple therapy model. The participated subjects were 38 graduate students and their spouses. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, the types of couple relations that formed and sustained marital relations after growth could be predicted by the early childhood relationships between the subjects when they were children and their parents. Second, the marital conflicts and frustrations could be healed by the 'parent-child dialogue' and 'guided imagery'. Third, Imago couple therapy was effective for couple counseling to improve the areas of marital relationships, especially marital intimacy, marital communication, communication skills for marital conflicts, mutual respect, gender role, sexual satisfaction, time together, and decision-making. Fourth, Couple's Dialogue was a powerful tool for couple and parent-child relationships as well as general counseling practices.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2012

A female preference is a potentially complex function relating variation in multiple male traits with her probability of accepting the most optimal individuals as a mate. If mate preference is dominantly driven by additive fitness benefits, different females tend to be congruent in the decision of choice, whereas females will not necessarily share their mate preferences if non-additive benefits more strongly operate. Here, a sequential blocked design ($4{\times}4$) was applied to experimentally assess the relative contribution of additive and non-additive components to the female mate preference with Korean rosy bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii. In a total of 48 single stimulus presentations, behavioral elements of courtship activities were analyzed to derive the 'index of female preference'. Females showed a clear preference for males with more elaborate carotenoid colors, but mated randomly with respect to male body size and other color patterns. However, they were not individually consistent in their choice of mates, suggesting that non-additive components probably contribute to the evolution of female preference.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.72-86
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to find out the menopausal symptom of middle-aged women and their self-care on it. This study also intended to awaken the relationship of the menopausal symptom and self-care and to provide basic data on the health education of middle-aged women. For this purpose, the study (1) identified respondents background variables, (2) found menopausal symptom and the state of self-care, (3) analyzed relationship between general character, menopausal symptom, and self-care, (4) analyzed the relationship of menopausal symptom and self-care for 543 random sampled women in City of Incheon. The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions on the menopausal symptom interview by Neugarton translated by Jung Hae Ran(1985) and questions of the self-care inventory by Orem reconstructed by Sung Moon Hee(1988). The data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, t-test, X²-test, pearson's correlation coefficient with SPSS statistical package. The results of this study could be summed up as follows ; 1. The Degree of menopausal symptom were graded from 25 to 75. (x 40.85, s. d. 8. 6.) 2. The test of relationship between the individual background and the menopausal symptom revealed that there seemed to be statistically significant correlation between the sexual life, life-content, the level of education, menstruation(p<0.000). 3. In the test of relationship between the individual background and the self-care process, (1) in case of insight of symptom, there seemed to be statistically significant correlation between the self-content(r=0.1463), sexual life(r= -0.1376), menstruation(r=0.1561), and artificial abortion(r=0.1577), (p<0.001), (2) In case of self-health control, there seemed to be statistical correlation between the states of menstruation and the number of induced abortion. (3) In case of self-health decision, there seemed to be statistically significant correlation between the number of visiting hospitals or clinics and the level of education(r=0.106), the self-content(r=0.1235), induced abortion(r=0.1343) (p<0.0000). And also individual background can show the 40.21 percent of self-health maintenance. 4. The relationship between menopausal symptom and self-care has a significant meaning to the insight of symptom, self-health decision according to the groups of menopausal symptom(p<0.000), but it doesn't have any meaning to self-health control. And self-health maintenance can manifest the 19.88 percent of menopausal symptom.