• 복식
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• 제30권
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• pp.211-225
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• 1996

In this paper we discuss the corelation be-tween feminism and fashion and examine its influnce on mordern fashion. And we also try to infer what the fashion design will be like in the future by understanding the value of modern fashion from a new viewpoint. The Early Feminism which advocated the similarity between man and women held the thought that women could be equal to men only when they behaved in the same way as men did, In 1970s when the pendulum of the Early Feminism movement reached its highest point a manish look began to flourish. The manish look introduced the items once employed only for men such as trench costs tidy tailored suits shirts and ties to women clothes. It has taken root deeply in women's life and is still employed in various ways by many designers. From the late 1970s the pendulum of feminism movement began to swing toward the Essentialist Feminism which emphasized the differences between men and women. It focused not on the negative image of women seen from male-oriented viewpoints but on their positive image and stressed women's sexual characteristic to make distinction between two genders. in fashion the Essentialist Feminism played a role in bringing about a sexy look which stressed the erotic silhouette of woman's body. The latest feminism is the socio-cultural one. It sees the distinction between men and women as sexual discrimination and introduces the androgynous human which carries the characteristic of two sexes. it leads to ambiguity of sex roles and at the same time serves to make androgynous social atmosphere by admitting the coexistence of two genders. The androgynous idea in fashion is expressed as a new trend which crosses men and women's own beauty while keeping their own identity intact. As we have briefly reviewed feminism in fashion has been presented in various ways with regard to expressing the nature of men and women. And it has continuously indicated the ultimate message of the salvation of mankind such as the respect for humanity and recovery of humanism.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2001

Objective : This study is designed to find out the effects of the Bee Venom-Acupuncture on knee joint with osteoarthritis. Methods : We are investigated that outpatients suffer from knee joint pain deciphered at the division of Acupuncture in Jaseng oriental medicine hospital from the 13, July 1999 to until 11, November 2000. We make an estimated of the score from both before or after its treatment about 70 cases of diagnostic patient with the osteoarthritis of knee joints by biochemical method and X-RAY analysis, we observed in the progress of symptoms. Results : These results found that sex distinction with a disease caused much more female than male at the ratio of 1 to 5.36 in the proportion of males to females, jobs is mainly ranked with a housewife and approximately 82.9% of cases before our hospital have ever treated at the other clinics or hospitals. On the hand, the distribution interval of a case history is mainly followed by disease in below 6 month, interval of the period-treatment is mainly gone within 3 month and frequency of treatment is examined into 11 to 15 times, more than 16 times and below 10 times, respectively. We are estimated with the score of functional barrier from both before or after its treatment aganist osteoarthritis' patients and produced in the usefulness from the totally point of fields except the aid-device after its treatment. In summary, these results demonstrated that Bee Venom, Acupuncture enhanced more than 82.9% to the improvement of treatment and P<0.05 considered to be statistically significant. Conclusion : These results suggest that Bee-venom Acupuncture may be play a role in the significant usefulness and have need of actively application for the clinical trials against osteoarthritis'patients.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.128-140
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• 1997

When women are removed with their matrix which is a emotionally significant organ of symbol in psychologically adapting themselves to mother and woman, that is threatened and injured with woman role decisively. This study tried to find the efficient nursing intervention method to maintain and promote their health, to cope with health problem, and to inquire into the loss experience of women with hysterectomy by using the phenomenological method. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi. The result of the study was as follows : The factors which have influence on the loss experience of the subjects are an offer of information, support system, age, occupation, economic situation, family history, character, season, the existence of ovary and religion. The loss experience of matrix was expressed in lingual, reactions to the loss of function, sex, body change and husband, in behavioral behaviors in emotion and body. The loss of matrix of the subjects was relived by religion. perineorrhapy, exercise, reading, watching video and diet. The subjects each showed ways of reaction of fatalism, giving-up, coping on the loss experience of matrix. In conclusion, since we ascertained that the nursing in the process of recovery decide the quality of life. though women with hysterectomy undergo various loss experience and adapt to it in the end, it is necessary to give them enough information and educate husband, having on important effect on the loss experience, to be a good supporter, And technically skilled nurses of consultant are thought to be able to contrive better qualitative life of women with hysterectomy as an important bridge between the subjects and their required information, since the nurses have their well-formed position of relationship of confidence through continuous contact with patients and their family.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2001

Since the introduction of the concept of osseointegration, the success rate of dental implant has increased dramatically. So, the uses of dental implant in the treatment of partially or fully edentulous patients have played an important role in dental rehabilitation. Regardless of high success rate of dental implant, some amounts of fixtures cannot help failing. We can classify dental implant failure according to timing, causative factor, etc. This study is focused on dental implant fixture failure, occurring during preprosthetic stage. There are various reasons that cause implant failure on this periods, such as improper patient selection, poor bone quality, and periimplantitis, etc. We investigate the survival rate of 1058 fixtures, which installed in 306 patients in our clinic from January 1997 to December 1999, according to type, sex, location, fixture length and width, using Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and to compare each other with log-rank test. Overall survival rate was 96.80%, and 33 implants failed over the preprosthetic stage. Our survey data identified posterior location of mandible as being associated with implant failure(P<0.05).

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제18권3호통권47호
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• pp.129-146
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigation the variables that affected the generational transmission of household work form mothers to their married daughter. The subjects were 415 married daughters and their mothers living in Seoul and metropolitan areas. Statistical techniques used for this study included descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows : First, married daughters; value of household work was significantly affected by total periods of marriage of daughters, daughter's perceived similarity to their mothers' household work. Second, married daughters' preference for household work was significantly affected by mother's occupation (managerialㆍprofessional), mother's perceived similarity, daughter's experience of living with mother-in-law, daughter's sex-role attitude, and daughter's perceived similarity. Third, married daughters' ability to do household work was significantly affected by total periods of marriage for mothers, mother's perceived similarity, and daughter's perceived similarity. Fourth, married daughters' standard of household work was significantly affected by mother's perceived similarity, daughter's occupation (techniciansㆍclerk), daughter's monthly income, and daughter's perceived similarity. Fifth, married daughters' usage level of home equipments was significantly affected by mother's birth order, mother's education, mother's occupation (managerialㆍprofessional), daughter's birth order, daughter's education, and daughter's monthly income. Sixth, Mother related variables had greater power than daughter related ones in explaining daughters' values and preference for household work value and preferences and usage of home equipments. In conclusion, married daughter's consciousness and performance of household work were significantly influenced by their mothers. It was especially so in daughter's usage level of hoe equipments. Accordingly, the results of this study support the existence of generational transmission of household work from mothers to their married daughters with regard to its consciousness and performance. Findings of this study have implications for counsellors, practitioners and educators.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.45-64
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• 1987

In this study the phenomenon of commodity substitution of housework is approach in the contexts of economic system, patriachal family system and housework-related human resources. the objectives of this study are as follows: (1) To measure the level of commodity substitution of housework in large cities. (2)To investigate the factors influencing commodity substitution of housework. The samples were composed of 982 housewives dwelling in 6 large cities including Seoul. The statistics used for data analysis were frequency distribution, percetile. multiple regression analysis. The major findings are the following; (1) When the housework was divided into two subdomains , in the domain of food the purchase level was for below average while in the domain of clothes, the level was quite higher than average. This result hows that commodity substitution has become more common in the domain of clothes by mass production of clothes on a commercial scale. (2) the level of commodity substitution of housework was influenced by the family attribute variables such as housewife's age, family income. housewife's education, family types, housewife's brought-up regions, presence of sewing machine, employment status of housewife, by one patriarchal norm variable such as home-orientedness, and by tow human resource variables such as importance of housework and household tasks performance competnecy. Among variables house wife's age was the most influential one and such variables as family income, housewife's education, household task performance competency, importance of housework, and home-orientedness were also important. Considering that the influence of home-orientedness demonstrates the importance of patriarchy and that importance of housework and that performance competency also are determined by the patriarchal variables such as sex-role attitude and home-orientedness, we can conclude that Hartmann's theoretical approach with which the changes of housework were explained in the two contexts of economic system and family system is applied to the changes of housework in Korea.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2008

The study analyzes divorce rates in Korea and makes suggestions for the future research of divorce rates. Based on the data from Korea Statistical Information System (KOSIS) of the National Statistics Organization, trends for divorce rates change and the relations between divorce rates and macro environmental factors are analyzed. Macro environmental factors include socioeconomic factors such as, Korean War, Vietnam War, oil shock, IMP economic crisis and gross national income (GNI), whereas demographical factors include population structure, rates of female labor participation, and geographical location. The principle characteristics of divorce rates are as follows: 1) the Crude divorce rates (CDR) and the number of divorced had been increased from 1970 to 2004, then the trend changed to a decrease; 2) the slope of the change were the highest during 1998 to 2004 after the IMP economic crisis. The relations between socioeconomic factors are as follows: 1) during the war there was a small increase of CDR for a short period of time; 2) the economic crisis of the nation tend to increase the CDR, while the IMP economic crisis had a strong impact on an increase of CDR because of the interaction effect among the population structure, women's sex role changes as well as the level of standard of living. The increase in CDR from 1990 to 2000 can be explained partly by the population of baby Boomers passing through their marriage and divorce process. The number of population residing in the rural area and the middle class households, and the mobility of population also had an impact on the divorce rates changes. The recommendations for the future research were as follows: 1) the need to develop new divorce statistics that are based on a marriage cohort or a birth cohort because family behavior is a mixture of personal, social and political responses, and because CDR is not an accurate measure of divorce rate since it was influenced by population structure; 2) the need to include micro personal factors as well as macro social factors in a model to find an interaction effect between those variables.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.466-478
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• 1999

A significant gap can exist between what customers expect in foodservice and what service providers deliver to customers. Reducing the gap and enhancing service quality plays a key role in increasing customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the personal and operational characteristics that affect the customer perceptions of service quality, to analyze the overall satisfaction and repurchase intention of customers, and to study the service quality gap between customer and foodservice provides. 427 customers and 278 foodservice providers in 82 fast food and family restaurants were surveyed. T-test, ANOVA, Correlation Analysis, and Multiple Regression were used for statistical analysis, The results of this study were as follows: 1) Among the personal characteristics of customers, sex affected the preception of 'General Management' and 'Reputation', and the expense per person showed a correlation with service quality. 2) Among the operational characteristics, the type of restaurant, months since opening, and the number of seats had a significant impact on service quality, while the seat turnover rate showed a negative correlation with service quality. 3) Among the human resource characteristics, the proportion of part-time employees had a negative correlation with service quality, and in general, the training program for full-time employees led to a higher degree of customer perception of service quality. 4) Six dimensions of service quality accounted for 38.39% of customer satisfaction in Multiple Regression. 5) The overall satisfaction of customers willing to repurchase was significantly higher than that of the non-repurchase customers. 6) The operational characteristics explained over 35% for the service quality gap among the customers and the service providers in Multiple Regression.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2019

성별(性別)은 사회 및 문화적 배경에 따라 그 역할과 의미가 다르게 해석될 수 있다. 성별에 대한 이해는 수학 교육 연구 방향을 변화시킬 수 있다는 전제를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 문헌연구방법을 적용하여 국내 수학 교육 선행 연구에 있어 성별이 어떻게 해석되고 있는지를 확인하였다. 특히 본 연구에서는 실증주의적 관점을 바탕으로 한 예측 모델, 구성주의적 관점을 바탕으로 한 성별 스키마 모델, 역사적 관점을 바탕으로 한 문화 역사적 구성 모델, 포스트모더니즘 관점을 바탕으로 한 포스트모더니즘 모델에서의 성별 연구 방법에 대한 분석을 토대로 선행 연구를 분석하여 국내 수학 교육 연구의 동향을 파악하였다. 분석 결과 국내 수학 교육에서 성별은 생물학적 차이로 인식되고 있으며, 통계적 분석 기법을 활용하여 성별과 수학 교육의 관련 요소 분석이 주를 이루고 있음을 확인하였다. 이에 향후 수학 교육에 있어 성별의 역할을 해석할 수 있는 다양한 접근법이 필요하다는 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.104-107
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• 2015

Purpose: Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator and inhaled NO (iNO) is used in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to improve alveolocapillary gas exchange. The mechanism to improve oxygenation is likely to redistribute blood flow from unventilated areas to ventilated areas. Though improvement of oxygenation, iNO therapy has not been shown to improve mortality and considered as only rescue therapy in severe hypoxemia. We conducted the study to investigate an efficacy of iNO in trauma patients with severe hypoxemia. Methods: We reviewed the trauma patients who underwent iNO therapy retrospectively from 2010 to 2014. Degree of hypoxemia was represented as $PaO_2/FiO_2$ ratio (PFR) and the severity of patient was represented with sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Patients were divided into the survivor group and non-survivor group according to the 28-day mortality. Results: A total of 20 patients were enrolled. The mortality of 28-day was 40%. There were no significant differences between survivor and non-survivor group in age, sex, severity of injury, PFR and SOFA score. There was significant difference in initiation time of iNO after injury (p=0.047). Maximum combinations of sensitivity and specificity for timing of iNO therapy were observed using cut-off of 3-day after injury with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 75%. Conclusion: Though iNO therapy does not influence the mortality, iNO therapy may decrease the mortality caused by respiratory failure in the early phase of trauma.