• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

Objective: Patients' and parents' expectations are important in orthodontic treatment decision making. The literature generally demonstrates the perceived benefits of orthodontic treatment, but patients' and their parents' concerns about orthodontic treatment have not been investigated comprehensively. The aim of this study was to identify patients' and parents' concerns about orthodontic treatment and compare them according to sex, age, and treatment demand level. Methods: One hundred and eighty-nine children and their parents were interviewed about concerns related to orthodontic treatment. Patients and parents were asked about orthodontic treatment decisions. Answers were recorded as "yes," "no," or "don't know." Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare concerns between age groups, sexes, and treatment demand levels. Kappa statistics were used to assess agreement between patients and their parents. Results: Concerns about orthodontic treatment were gathered under 10 items as follows: "feeling pain," "the appearance of braces," "being teased," "avoiding smiling," "speech problems," "dietary changes," "problems with transportation," "economic problems," "long treatment duration," and "missing school." There was no statistically significant difference in concerns between the sexes or age groups. Some concern items and treatment demand were inversely related in patients. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate patients' and parents' concerns about orthodontic treatment. Differences between the concerns of patients with different treatment demands imply that children might reject orthodontic treatment because of their concerns. Appropriate consultation of patients addressing their concerns may help reduce anxiety and improve the acceptance of treatment.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify relations among health behaviors, health symptoms and physical fitness of people in the same community. Method: The study was designed as a descriptive survey and the participants were 1,621 healthy people. Data were collected from March to December, 2003 using a structured questionnaire on health behaviors, health symptoms and physical fitness. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, $\chi^2$-test, t-test, two-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression using SPSS/PC. Results: The result of multiple regression showed that sex, age, and BMI were related to physical fitness. In health-related physical fitness, regular exercise was related to cardiorespiratory endurance and flexibility, and daily caffeine intake was related to muscular endurance. In performance-related physical fitness, having breakfast regularly was related to power, daily caffeine intake was related to agility, and regular lifestyle and health symptoms were related to balance. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study suggests that for better physical fitness, nursing strategies and intervention programs should include physical fitness-related factors, and education programs should be developed based on the above parameters to promote positive perception of physical fitness.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to compare the obesity related dietary factors among rural middle school students living in the Daegu.Kyungbuk area. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were 162.7$\pm$8.6cm and 53.9$\pm$9.8kg in 220 male students and 158.4$\pm$6.2cm and 51.0$\pm$7.6kg in 210 female student. Mean BMIs for boys and girls were 19.00$\pm$2.35 and 19.30$\pm$2.45, respectively. 71.36% of male students and 71.9% of female students were underweight by the BMI index. Students who skipped the breakfast were up to 66.8%. The reasons for skipping a meal for both sexes were significantly different. Compared to males, more female respondents felt guilty and depressed related to eating. Furthermore, females were more significantly concerned about body image, diet and body weight (p<0.001), and they were not satisfied with their weight. The sources of information on obesity and diet were radio and TV in males, while females gathered information from magazines and friends. The ideal body weight of male students was heavier than the actual body weight while female students desired a thinner body shape. In conclusion, a different approach for nutrition education based on sex should be developed, and implemented fur adolescents.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.19 no.3 s.31
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• pp.146-157
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• 2006

Objective : This study is to explore the various of the stress by perceived by paitents with Bell's palsy Methods : 50 patients who were diagnosed as Bell's palsy were sequentially interviewed and examined Results : The results were as follows 1. The mean average PWI(Psychosocial well-being index, total : score)was $41.58{\pm}17.53$ :Factor I(Social performance and self-confidence) with a mean of $11.18{\pm}8.38$, Fact II( Depression) with a mean of $8.94{\pm}6.26$, Factor III(Sleeping disturbance and anxiety) with a mean $of7.56{\pm}5.20$, Factor IV(General well-being and vatality)with a mean $of9.90{\pm}4.44$ 2. With the respect to the general characteristics of subjects, there were statistically significant differences in the patients's stress perception by sex, having an occupation and the amount of sleeping time. Conclusions : We needed the further study about the relation between stress and Bell's palsy

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.179-188
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• 2017

Objectives : This study tried to examine whether there is any difference between the middle-aged men and women in terms of the effect of health-related and oral health-related characteristics on their depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). Methods : We used the 2nd year data of the 6th session of the National Health and Nutrition Survey of 2,008 adults(aged40~64 years) for fulfilling the research objectives. Results : The analysis showed that among middle-aged male and female respondents, household income, subjective health conditions, and stress perception among health-related characteristics had common elements affecting their depressive symptoms. The self-reported oral health conditions affected depressive symptoms for male respondents. On the other hand, chewing problems and contraction of periodontal disease affected depressive symptoms of female respondents. Conclusions : Thus, it is necessary to consider the effect of sex in the relationship between health-related and oral health-related characteristics, and to make efforts to develop differential programs to manage and prevent depressive symptoms among men and women.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.53-69
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• 1996

Much research has been done on the rues differentiating the three Korean stops in word initial position. This paper focuses on a more neglected area: the acoustic cues differentiating the medial tense and lax unaspirated stops. Eight adult Korean native speakers, four males and four females, pronounced sixteen minimal pairs containing the two series of medial stops with different preceding vowel qualities. The average duration of vowels before lax stops is 31 msec longer than before their tense counterparts (70 msec for lax vs 39 msec for tense). In addition, the average duration of the stop closure of tense stops is 135 msec longer than that of lax stops (69 msec for lax vs 204msec for tense). THESE DURATIONAL DIFFERENCES ARE 50 LARGE THAT THEY MAY BE PHONOLOGICALLY DETERMINED, NOT PHONETICALLY. Moreover, vowel duration varies with the speaker's sex. Female speakers have 5 msec shorter vowel duration before both stops. The quality of voicing, tense or lax, is also a cue to these two stop types, as it is in initial position, but the relative duration of the stops appears to be much more important cues. The duration of stops changes the stop perception while that of preceding vowel does not. The consequences of these results for the phonological description of Korean as well as the synthesis and automatic recognition of Korean will be discussed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.369-378
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• 2003

Purpose: To identify factors influencing women's intention to take hormone replacement therapy(HRT). Method: A cross-sectional survey design was utilized. A total of 116 married women aged 40 to 60 were recruited from women's groups in communities. They completed a structured questionnaire containing demographic characteristics, Orientation to Life Questionnaire, Menopausal Symptom Checklist, Health Belief of Korean Adult, Sexrole Idea of Kim, Dong-il, chronic illnesses, and a single item measuring marital satisfaction. Result: Thirteen percents of the women were currently taking HRT and 28.4% had intention to take HRT. Education, sense of coherence, and sex role attitude were related to women's susceptibility to menopause. Hysterectomy status and the level of sense of coherence explained women's perception of seriousness regarding menopause. In addition, chronic health conditions accounted for the variances of benefits and barriers to HRT. Factors influencing women's intention to take HRT were education, menopausal symptoms, and perceived benefits of HRT. Conclusion: Women's chronic health conditions, psychosocial characteristics as well as menopausal discomforts were associated with women's choice regarding HRT. Other factors related to decision making process of women's health seeking behaviors need to be explored.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-78
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• 1998

The purposes of this study is to find middle school student's needs for Home Economics Curriculum and the family life participation. The samples are 323 middle school students in Kangneung. The results of this study are summarized follows; 1. It is shown that the family life participation of boys was higher than that of girls. 2. Variables that affect middle school student's needs for Home Economics curriculum are needs for Home Economics, number of brothers and sisters and the age for mother. 3. Variables that affect middle school student's the family life participation are human development and family relationship, the clothing, participation in class of Home Economics, perception of life status and sex. 4. The relative contributions of independent variables of the family life participation of middle school students are as follows. The degree of explanation of middle school student's family environmental variable is 12.2%. Adding the variable of Home Economics course, the degree of explanation is increased to 21.8%(deviation 9.6%). Adding the variable of needs for Home Economics curriculum, the degree of explanation is increased to 33.1% (deviation 11.3%).

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.43-64
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of education expenditure children and financial support for parents on childbirth intention and, elderly life preparation. This study uses Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Families data. The research subjects are married women aged between $20{\sim}45$ years old who have one child and are living with at least one parent. The analysis method includes chi-square analysis, frequency analysis, and logistic regression analysis which is suitable for presuming differences between groups and relative influence or power. As a result, the first subjective perception is that economic conditions influence childbirth intention and elderly life preparation. Second, the portion of education expenditure is a more important factor than traditional ones, such as the child's sex, the married woman's job and her income. Third, elderly life preparation is influenced by economic factors, regardless of whether they are subjective or objective factors. Finally, analyses by logistic regression analysis suggest that a decision about childbirth is influenced by education expenditure. This refer to the costs related to the child's generation. A decision about elderly life preparation is related to financial support from parents, meaning costs related to the parents's generation.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

Studies on the risk factors of voice disorders in Korean adults are rare. I evaluated the association between the duration of self-reported voice problem and voice disorders in Korean adults. Data were from the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Subjects were 3,135 people (1,310 men and 1,825 women) aged 19 years and older. Multi-nominal logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between the duration of self-reported voice problem and voice disorders. The prevalence of self-reported voice problems was 5.9% among Korean adults. Adjusting for covariates (age, sex, education level, length of employment, tobacco consumption, alcohol consumption, thyroid disorders, pain and discomfort during the last two weeks), self-reported voice problems lasting longer than three weeks were independently associated with functional voice disorders (OR=5.30, 95% CI: 3.30-8.50) and organic voice disorders (OR=4.84, 95% CI: 1.82-12.89). Self-reported voice problems in the past three weeks were significantly associated with functional voice disorders (OR=3.64, 95% CI: 1.84-7.19), but not significantly associated with organic voice disorders. Self-reported voice problems are prevalent among adults. This study highlights that self-perception of a voice problem for more than three weeks is related to functional voice disorders and organic voice disorders.