• 간호행정학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.419-437
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• 1998

Nurses use a nursing process. that is a scientific approach method. in order to understand the clients' condition and to solve their problems. Professional nurses have accepted the nursing process as a standard framework for nursing activities, and the first step of the nursing process is nursing assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing assessment tool for emergency patients. Assessment is a first step in the nursing process, and scientific assessment helps to better understand the patients. Thus the development of an assessment tool for emergency patients will improve of nursing quality and advance to efficacy of emergency room(ER) management. The study involved the development of a conceptual framework, preliminary tool, content validity verification process. and reliability verification process. The conceptual framework was developed through a review of the literature. and preliminary tool was developed from the conceptual framework that based on care flow sheet' developed James A. Haley. The preliminary tool was evaluated for validity and reliability by seven experts, one ER nurse manager, two ER head nurses, two emergency medicine doctors. and two ER charge nurses and by ten nurses with one to five year careers in ER nursing. The results of this study was as follows 1. The conceptual framework which was developed was composed of three parts. They were triage criteria, first assessment and secondary assessment. 2. The preliminary tool which was developed had 31 items based on the conceptual framework. 3. To test expert validity a 4-point scale was used. items which had gained 3-4 points from six persons of the seven experts were selected. All 31 items from the preliminary tool were selected. 4. The reliability test was done by ten nurses educated in the use of the assessment tool. Two pairs of nurses simultaneously assessed the same patients. A total agreement percentile was calculated and result was 87.3% agreement. 5. After the validity and reliability testing. the final emergency patient nursing assessment tool was finalized with 31 items. and a check-list for the responses. This study concludes that the tool which was developed is both valid and reliable will advance quality care for emergency patients. This emergency nursing assessment tool was also found to be an adequate tool for assessment of emergency patients.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1121-1132
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• 2000

Service quality is, unlike goods quality, an abstract and elusive term. However, quality is very important to marketers and consumers in that it has many strategic benefits in contributing to profitability of marketing activities and consumers' problem-solving activities. The main purpose of this study is 1) to explore the differences of perception between consumers and providers about nursing service quality. 2) to identify the useful tool between two tools measuring nursing service quality. To achieve these purposes of the study, the questionnaire was developed and distributed to 210 nurses who worked at seven subjected hospitals in Seoul. Also, 280 people who had a direct experience with the subjected hospital nursing services at the time of screening were involved. They were randomly selected at the seven subjected hospitals during August to September of 1998. Among them, 165 responses from nurses and 229 responses from others resulted in worthy finds. The measurement instrument for a nursing services quality evaluation was modified from the SERVQUAL model originated from Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry (1988). The reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated and showed high degree of internal consistency (Cronbachs' Alpha = .9353). For data analysis, SPSS/PC was used for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and regression analysis. The results were as follows : 1) In the perception about nursing services quality, there were gap between consumers and providers. Especially the critical attributes in point of perception nursing services quality, naming satisfy, hygiene and performance factors, are very different contents. 2) In the comparison analysis of the usefulness tools it was turned out that SEVPERF model is more appropriate than SERVQUAL model. And in the analysis to identify the construct validity of the tool, it is turned out that the relationship between the constructing factors of the tool and the general satisfaction is significant.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2015

Recently, because the market for compression wear now includes all consumers, not just professionals, various items for recovery after exercising or for enhanced effects from exercise have been introduced. In this research, a systematic and stepwise design process was proposed to develop compression garment that has both functional area and appropriate pressure to protect the knee when exercising. The U-V format functional area that wraps underneath the knee was selected by considering the shape and change in the skin length when bending the knee. After the selection of the functional area, a total of seven knee design areas, including the existing product, were designed to determine the appropriate pressure. After various movements, the compression garment was ranked in terms of support of the knee, level of pressure, discomfort of seam line, and comfort of popliteal; the preferred design was selected using the quad method. Four compression wear garments were produced using two selected preferred designs; the wear evaluation was performed using a seven-point Likert scale. As a result, the optimal reduction rate of the pattern was calculated based on Ziegert and Keil's method. The applied percentage of the fabric stretch at the upper part of the crotch was 66% for the width and 50% for the length; for the lower part of the crotch, only 66% for the width was applied. Moreover, it was determined that the design of the U-V knee protection part was preferred when a 7 mm square was placed at a 1 mm distance because this not only supports the knee but also allows the fabric to accommodate various skin deformations.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.397-404
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the subjective sensations and preference for spring/fall casual cotton shirt fabrics, and to assist in developing shirt fabrics that offer maximum comfort in wearing sensation. The subjects of this study were male and female college students who assessed the tactile sensation of seven types of spring/fall shirt fabrics available on the market: plain weave and rib weave made of cotton and that of cotton mixed fabrics. The subjects were university students between the ages of 20 to 23, who were residing in the city of Cheongju, Korea. The questionnaires related to the fabrics hand were evaluated using a nine point bi-polar scale of 9 descriptive terms. Mean, t-test, F-test and $X^2$ were used for data analysis. The fabric hand evaluation on the seven types of shirts showed a significant difference in all of the 9 descriptive terms. There were partially significant differences in the subjective sensations according to fabric characteristics regarding shirt fabrics. As regards the difference in fabric hand according to gender, female students responded with more receptiveness and sensitivity than male students in the category of woven fabric evaluation. In particular, female students responded with more sensitivity to the sensation of dense and wrinkle sensations. There were significant differences in the purchase preference according to gender regarding casual shirt fabrics. Plain weave fabrics made of cotton was most preferred among male students, whereas rib weave fabrics made of cotton/polyester was most preferred among female students.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to replace the highly imported wheat consumption with rice in order to improve the rate of food self-sufficiency. Also, the study focused on the possibility of compounded bread making with rice flour, its taste for the Korean who have westernized eating styles, and the development of rice flour compounded bread as an alternative for wheat allergic people. Therefore, the researcher produced the soaked-rice flour, toasted-rice flour, and Extrusion-Expansion of Rice (E-ER) flour by different processing methods to bake rice wheat bread with the 10～50% mixing proportion. The volume and structure of bread were observed with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the sensory quality and the baking property were analyzed with a seven-point Likert type scale of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). The sensory quality consisted of seven qualities such as color, size and distribution of air cell, flavor, softness, chewing, and overall quality that were evaluated as higher rating showed the better quality. The results of this study are: 1. The volume of the three types of rice wheat bread was almost same or bigger than wheat bread with the 20% of mixed proportion. 2. The size and distribution of air cell of E-ER wheat bread observed by SEM were more evenly distributed that toasted-rice wheat bread. The E-ER wheat bread had soft structure and was relatively similar to wheat flour bread. However, the structure of soaked-rice wheat bread was significantly different to other types of rice wheat bread. The structure of 10% mixed all three types of rice wheat bread was similar and evenly distributed to wheat bread but was bigger and coarser as higher mixing proportion of rice flour. 3. The dark brown color of rice wheat bread showed low sensory quality. 4. Both soaking-rice flour and E-ER flour were able to be mixed with wheat flour up to the 50%, and the seven sensory quality of these wheat bread were better than those of wheat bread. Among the three types of rice flour, toasted-rice wheat bread showed low bread property and sensory quality compared to soaked-rice or E-ER wheat bread. Consequently, this study showed that rice wheat bread that contains 20～30% of rice flour was better than wheat bread in the appropriate volume, seven sensory qualities and bread property.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.854-861
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• 2015

This study evaluates the objective and subjective hand as well as the preference for hand and outdoor jackets on laminated waterproof breathable fabrics with different constituent characteristics to identify those best suited for consumer needs. Mechanical properties and objective hands were measured by the KES-FB system. The subjective hand and the preference of laminated waterproof breathable fabric for outdoor jackets were rated by the 20's and 30's women experts with tactile and visual senses that utilized a questionnaire with a seven-point semantic differential scale; subsequently, the flexibility and compressive elasticity of laminated waterproof breathable fabrics were low. However, light and thin waterproof breathable fabrics with a smooth surface had high scores in smoothness, fullness & softness and total hand value. In addition, laminated waterproof breathable fabrics were classified into three hand factors: flexibility, density, and surface properties. There were significant differences on flexibility and surface property perceptions, hand and out-door jackets preferences according to the characteristics of waterproof breathable fabrics. The hand preference of the laminated waterproof breathable fabric improved with decreasing 2HB and increasing EM. However, EM showed positive effect for outdoor jacket preferences. Those that were flexible and smooth were preferred for outdoor jackets.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.264-275
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• 2008

Seven constructs of sanitary management were evaluated in order to examine perceived performance of sanitary management and sanitary recognition for school food service managers in the Kyunggido area. In order to protect from foodborne illness, 331 (58.4%) responded that the most important aspects were sanitary conditions and stability upon food delivery, and the greatest obstacle was limited availability of facilities and equipment (182, 32.2%). The total mean score for the perceived performance of sanitary management was $4.16{\pm}0.445$ (5-point Likert scale). Among three sectors, personal hygiene management was generally well-conducted with a subtotal mean score of $4.52{\pm}0.458$; however temperature management scored lowest with a subtotal mean of $3.71{\pm}0.630$. Chi-square tests were performed according to general characteristics on the two lowest perceived sanitary management performance areas. In temperature management, there was a significant difference in 5 sectors according to age, and the ages $20{\sim}29$ showed the best perceived performance in all sectors. For serving management, a significant difference (p<0.01) was shown in all sectors. In conclusion, foodservice managers perceive that sanitary management is well-executed. However, the combination of proper equipments and facilities would lead to better perceived management.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.681-698
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• 2016

With increasing public concern for environmentally friendly agriculture, ecological aspect of landscape management is of growing importance. AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) analysis were conducted based on the delphi survey of 31 experts to evaluate the relative importance and the preference of landscape elements. Landscape components of organic farmland were classified into 2 landscape fields, 5 landscape types, 14 landscape units, and 37 landscape elements. Overall relevance score for the proposed landscape components were about 5.5 on the seven point scale. While the relative importance weight of cropland landscape field was 0.71, the weight of intra-structure landscape field was 0.29. Among the cropland landscape, relatively higher weight was assigned to farming system (0.47) and margins (0.31), as compared with hydrological system (0.22). In the farming system, crop (0.40) and farm land (0.39) were the most important landscape units. In the margins, higher weight was given to Buffer zone (0.44) and Trees (0.42). Biological habitat (0.43) ranked the highest score in the hydrological system. Preferable landscape elements were glass house, companion plants, rice paddy field, diverse crop species, small pond, and small river, which are representing ecological advantage of organic farming systems. This result indicated that the landscape elements identified in the study would be suitable to evaluate ecological aspect of rural landscape in organic farmland.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1611-1620
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• 2010

This research compares the difference of each preference segments' subjective hands and sensibilities in order to analyze the correlations among preference, subjective hands, and sensibilities. Preference segments were classified into wool, acrylic, and long stitch length-preferred clusters in previous research. To evaluate the subjective hands and sensibilities of knit fabrics, the 20's and 30's women rated twelve knit fabrics by touching, using a questionnaire with a seven-point semantic differential scale. These twelve knit fabrics were differentiated by controlling the mixture ratio and stitch length using a computer-controlled automatic flat knit machine. The difference of each preference segments' subjective hands and sensibilities was determined using the conjoint analysis. The clusters perceived the subjective hands and sensibilities differently according to preferred constituent characteristics. There was no correlation between surface unevenness and preference in wool-preferred cluster, while there were negative correlations in other clusters. The acrylic-preferred cluster had a preference in coolness compared to other clusters; in addition, the long stitch-preferred cluster preferred flexibility/bulkiness and extensibility than the others. All clusters preferred modem and natural sensibilities that were caused by different constituent characteristics of knit fabrics.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.504-513
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• 2013

This study evaluates the difference of visual effect according to pant style and geometric pattern. The researcher made 28 stimuli-combination of four pant Stiles (classic, baggy, skinny, and bell-bottom) and seven geometric pattern (large vertical stripe, small vertical stripe, large horizontal stripe, small horizontal stripe, large check, small check, and hound's tooth check). The test involved 96 female college students. The stimuli were made with the i-Designer computer program. The panels tested the computer screen images of all manikins wearing pants. A 7-point scale was used to evaluate each image. For the data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test were applied along with an SPSS program. The results of this study are as follows. Three factors (lower-body compensation, abdomen highlight, and length compensation) influenced the visual effect pant styles and geometric patterns. The skinny style and large vertical stripe evaluated positively in elongated height and leg length and a slimmer overall body. It was shown that the vertical stripe pattern was evaluated as more positive than the horizontal stripe pattern in the visual effect; particularly, the results showed distinct aspects in the classic pants style. The mutual influence of the visual effect (according to pants style and geometric pattern) were indicated as two factors of lower-body compensation and length compensation. A more positive visual effects resulted in a higher mutual influence on pant style and geometric pattern.