• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.565-577
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to propose an improvement in the Nursing Fee Differentiation Policy to alleviate polarization of nursing staffing level among hospitals and to rectify the confusion of legally mandated standards between the Korean Medical Law and National Health Insurance Act. Methods: The policy regulation was reconstructed related to nurse staffing standards and nurse-to-patients ratios. Data on nurse staffing grades were obtained from database of the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) for the third quarter of 2010 for 44 tertiary hospitals, 274 general hospitals, and 1,262 hospitals. A break-even analysis was used to estimate financial burden of the revised policy improvement proposal. An industrial engineering method was used to calculate Nurse-to-Patients ratios per shift. Results: Twelve tertiary hospitals were downgraded. 74 general hospitals and 102 hospitals were upgraded after application of the regulation. Finances for total hospitalization expenditures changed from -3.55% to +3.14%. Conclusion: The results indicate that the proposed policy would decrease polarization between tertiary hospitals and small hospitals, and would not put a major strain on the finances of the Korean National Health Insurance. Therefore, it is suggested that government stake-holders and many interest groups consider this policy proposal and build a consensus.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.191-209
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• 2015

Electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in social media has been recognized as one of the most influential marketing tools across various businesses. Understanding eWOM in social media is critical to reach potential global consumers easily and quickly in the hospitality industry. However, few empirical studies in hospitality attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of eWOM in social media from a global perspective. Given the competitive climate of the hospitality market, it is meaningful for hospitality marketers to evaluate the effectiveness of eWOM in social media and the influence of cultural factors to promote customers and increase profitability globally. The main purpose of this study was to examine the influence of cultural values on social media eWOM in the hospitality industry in China, Korea, and the USA. The result of this study indicates Chinese and American people engage more than Korean people when they try to purchase hospitality product and service This study particularly provided a cross-cultural study of comparison among these countries and the findings of this study are expected to provide important practical assistance for global marketing strategies in social media.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop child's health assessment tools for children in child care centers. Methods: Based on the literature review and several types of workshops participated with the child health nursing professors, doctoral students, nurses in pediatric units and pediatric psychiatric units from July to December 2006, the standards of child health assessment tools were developed. Graduate students and 4th grade students in nursing were trained for health assessment and used these assessment tools to validate the content and reliability of said tools. Results: Some record forms were newly developed, including demographic characteristics, past history, present health status, behavioral problems, and appropriate developmental screening tests in child care centers were selected. For systematic health care management in child care centers, daily care report, illness log, and referral sheet were also developed. Conclusion: In the face of growing utilization of daycare and their association with increased risk of various diseases, assessment and control measures are indispensable to the promotion of child health. Children's physical and mental health and developmental problems can be assessed using this assessment tools. They can be used for establishing the direction for developing a health care service system for young children.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.129-150
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• 2013

The issue of child care in family policy is one of the most important agendas. It is the primary task for a welfare state to form such conditions as socializing it to ensure labor rights and parental rights. The aim of this study is to review any controversies in the agenda of free choice in child care. But real 'free choice' comes true when all community members as individuals are able to enjoy their rights as both workers and parents without any restriction and sexual discrimination in the labor market. But in reality 'free choice' has not been realized in our society. This study is based on the analysis of these issues in free choice - the concepts of liberty, equity and equality, the role of the state, financial efficiency and the status of women in the labor market. Based on the analysis of the issues in accordance with the criteria, I suggest some policy recommendations: adequate and sufficient child care services, the introduction of univer sal child benefits and the expansion of public child care facilities.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the magnitude of and the factors associated with the downward mobility of first-episode psychiatric patients. Methods: This study used the claims data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. The study population included 19 293 first-episode psychiatric inpatients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision [ICD-10] code F10), schizophrenia and related disorders (ICD-10 codes F20-F29), and mood disorders (ICD-10 codes F30-F33) in the first half of 2005. This study included only National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005. The dependent variable was the occurrence of downward mobility, which was defined as a health insurance status change from National Health Insurance to Medical Aid. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with downward drift of first-episode psychiatric patients. Results: About 10% of the study population who were National Health Insurance beneficiaries in 2005 became Medical Aid recipients in 2007. The logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, primary diagnosis, type of hospital at first admission, regular use of outpatient clinic, and long-term hospitalization are significant predictors in determining downward drift in newly diagnosed psychiatric patients. Conclusions: This research showed that the downward mobility of psychiatric patients is affected by long-term hospitalization and medical care utilization. The findings suggest that early intensive intervention might reduce long-term hospitalization and the downward mobility of psychiatric patients.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.97-120
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• 2015

This study examined the role and relationship among cognitive response(attractiveness, familiarity, actual self-congruence, ideal self-congruence and sympathy) factors, emotional response(empathy, flow, affection) factors, identification mediating between cognitive and emotional response, and interactivity. Hypotheses based on literature reviews were analyzed and according to the results, all of hypotheses except two hypotheses were supported. Firstly, the results revealed that except characteristic attractiveness and actual self-congruence, story attractiveness, characteristic familiarity, story familiarity, and ideal self-congruence influenced on sympathy positively. Secondly, this study examined the role and relationship between identification mediating between cognitive and emotional response and interactivity. As a result, identification and interactivity mediated with sympathy and empathy had positive effects. Finally, in respect of emotional responses empathy, flow, and affection had positive effects.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.141-152
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• 2016

Recently, not only development of curriculum associated directly with job, the development of new education model is in great need. So, the purpose of this study is to develop the instructional design guideline utilizing goal-based scenario(GBS) for college students who major in culinary arts. First, to achieve this goal, we recognized the 7 core elements(learning goal, mission, cover story, role activity, scenario operating, resource, feedback) composing GBS through literature review and case study. Second, we drew a conclusion about the problem and guideline for traditional culinary practice course by conducting inspection about culinary practice environment and needs with professors who are teaching culinary arts. Third, we applied the instructional design guideline for culinary practice to regular classes according to GBS's factors, and then we did formative evaluation with content experts and educational technology expert. Finally, we designed the final instructional design guideline for culinary practice by modifying early model reflected the result of formative evaluation. The results of this study are as following. First, when we applied GBS to culinary practice, professors have to focus on process of materialization by developing easy scenario to students. Also, they have to prepare the class circumstance to feel about sense of realism in advance. Second, to give a conjugally new skill at working, professors's effort is important. culinary practice education at college has responsibility to carry out the vocational training that has competitiveness and difference with labor market's needs. Therefore, it is necessary for us to develop the teaching and learning model for culinary practice which is suitable for major based on the manpower demand for industry without causing job mismatch from demand for industry.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.333-348
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• 2020

Purpose: The present study investigated the association between nurse staffing and health outcomes among psychiatric inpatients in Korea by assessing National Health Insurance claims data. Methods: The dataset included 70,136 patients aged 19 years who were inpatients in psychiatric wards for at least two days in 2016 and treated for mental and behavioral disorders due to use of alcohol; schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders; and mood disorders across 453 hospitals. Nurse staffing levels were measured in three ways: registered nurse-to-inpatient ratio, registered nurse-to-adjusted inpatient ratio, and nursing staff-to-adjusted inpatient ratio. Patient outcomes included length of stay, readmission within 30 days, psychiatric emergency treatment, use of injected psycholeptics for chemical restraint, and hypnotics use. Relationships between nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes were analyzed considering both patient and system characteristics using multilevel modeling. Results: Multilevel analyses revealed that more inpatients per registered nurse, adjusted inpatients per registered nurse, and adjusted inpatients per nursing staff were associated with longer lengths of stay as well as a higher risk of readmission. More adjusted inpatients per registered nurse and adjusted inpatients per nursing staff were also associated with increased hypnotics use but a lower risk of psychiatric emergency treatment. Nurse staffing levels were not significantly associated with the use of injected psycholeptics for chemical restraint. Conclusion: Lower nurse staffing levels are associated with negative health outcomes of psychiatric inpatients. Policies for improving nurse staffing toward an optimal level should be enacted to facilitate better outcomes for psychiatric inpatients in Korea.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.205-227
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• 2017

Today, the global environment has so many serious problems such as global warming, ecological destruction and air pollution. Now China is the second largest carbon emissions country in the world. In this paper, we estimated the ratio of GDP per unit of carbon emissions for each of 30 provinces in China, and then also estimated the carbon emission efficiency of 30 provinces and analyzed the factors that affecting them. There are differences in carbon emission efficiency among different provinces, and carbon emission efficiency is relatively high in Hainan Province, Beijing, and Tianjin. In the regression results of the factors affecting the carbon emission efficiency, when the proportion of service industries is higher, the efficiency is higher. Also, when the higher the proportion of heavy industry and the higher the proportion of coal consumption are estimated to be worse.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.273-290
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• 2017

Internet of Things (IoT) is considered to be the next wave of Information Technology transformation after the Internet has changed the process of doing business. Since the domain of IoT ranging from the sensor technology to service to the users is wide, the structure of the research domain is not delineated clearly. To do that we suggest to use the Technology Stack Model proposed by Porter et al.(2014) to measure the maturity level of IoT in organizations. Based on the Stack Model, for the general understandings of IoT, we do keyword analyses on the academic papers whose major research issue is IoT. It is found that the current status of IoT application from the perspectives of cloud and big data analytics is not active, meaning that the real value of IoT has not been realized. We also examine the cases which deal with the part of cloud process which is crucial for value accrual. Based on these findings, we suggest the future direction of IoT research. We also propose that IT is to value chain what IoT is to the Stack Model to derive value in organizations.