• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.18-26
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• 2015

Background: The recent change in pharmaceutical education system following the paradigm shift to patient-oriented pharmacy service requires an in-depth discussion to reorganize a future direction and establish a basis for maximizing social values of community pharmacy service. Objective: This study was conducted to review the current status of community pharmacy service provision in Korea based on published literatures. Methods: The electronic databases of National Digital Science Library and Electronic National Assembly Library were used to search the journal articles and dissertation papers. A search term "community pharmacy" was used and the published period was limited to papers published after year 2001, when the legal separation of prescribing and dispensing was implemented. Relevant study reports were also searched manually. Information about pharmacy service provision and study outcomes were retrieved from the selected papers, and classified by predefined individual service scope. Results: A total 33 papers reporting services provided by community pharmacies were selected (journal article 11, dissertation paper 17, and study report 5). Pharmacy services identified in these papers could be classified into prescription dispensing service, pharmaceutical care service, self medication service, other products service, and health promotion service. Twenty papers reported prescription dispensing services, three papers reported pharmaceutical care service, and only two papers reported health promotion service. Current community pharmacy services are highly dependent on prescription drugs while expanded services such as pharmaceutical care and health promotion are peripheral. Most prevalent research topic was medication counseling service (18 papers), reflecting that community pharmacists generally consider it to be the most important and fundamental service. Overall, current pharmacy services are very limited and focus on prescription dispensing service. Conclusion: At this point of time requiring expansion and quality improvement of community pharmacy services, we suggest further lively discussion to strengthen pharmacist's functional identity and set conditions for providing socially expected services.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.353-356
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• 2003

As the wireless mobile telecommunication system has been developed with astonishment, its offering service has also widely been expanded including various data service. Currently, the wireless mobile telecommunication network presents voice service that covers for the most part of the whole service areas. For this reason, the availability of the switching capacity in the mobile switching center(MSC) is manipulated by the required volume of voice service. However, considering the increase of data service, it is desirable for the current switching method to be modified for more efficiency. In this Paper, we analyze the data traffic caused by providing data service in the wireless mobile telecommunication network. For this, we are firstly going to review the result of the analysis in the feature of the data traffic. Secondly, based on the review, we are also going to perform analyzing the other feature of the data traffic normally generated in the wireless mobile telecommunication network. We expect that this paper would be utilized as an elementary source for the feature of the SMS data .traffic and it will be an honour for ourselves to work on it.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.5B
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• pp.356-363
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• 2008

The decision of the USA to found the USF(Universal Service Fund) in 1983, which was aiming to support basic telecommunication services provision at affordable price in rural and high cost areas, has triggered many countries to introduce universal service support mechanisms. Korea has been also operating a universal service support mechanism since 2000 but there are lively controversies on the change of the existing support mechanism. This paper, first, will review universal service support mechanisms in major countries including USA, EU, Chile, Peru and Japan. Second, this paper will classify types of the mechanisms and review merits and demerits of the mechanisms. Finally, this paper will derive some implications for the improvement of domestic Mechanism.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.285-288
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• 2020

The health insurance system in Korea is well-established and provides benefits for the entire national population. In Korea, when patients are treated at a hospital, the hospital receives a partial payment for the treatment from the patient, and the remaining amount is provided by the health insurance service. The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) assesses whether the treatment was appropriate. If HIRA deems the treatment appropriate, the doctor can receive payment from the health insurance service. However, this system has several drawbacks. In this study, we aimed to provide examples of the problems that can occur in relation to HIRA assessments in Korea through actual clinical cases.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.19-34
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• 1996

A review was made of fatigue failures of nuclear power plant components in Japan, which were experienced in service and during periodical inspection. No case has been recently reported of a service fatigue failure of a reactor pressure vessel itself, excluding nozzle corner cracks, that occurred many years ago. But, service fatigue failures have been occasionally experienced in piping systems, pumps, and valves, on which fatigue design seems to have been inadequately applied. The causes of fatigue failures can be divided into two categories: mechanical-vibration-induced fatigue and thermal-fluctuation-induced fatigue. Vibration-induced fatigue failure occurs more frequently than is generally thought. The lesson gleaned from the present survey is a recognition that a service fatigue failure may occur due to any one or a combination of the following factors: (1) lack of communication between designers and fabrication engineers, (2) lack of knowledge about a possibility of fatigue failure and poor consideration about the effects of residual stresses, (3) lack of consideration on possible vibration in the design and fabrication stages, and (4) lack of fusion or poor penetration in a welded joint.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.227-245
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• 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the variables affecting user satisfaction through previous studies and to examine the differences between apps. Differences are based on factors that determine the quality of real estate service apps and derived by the topic modeling results. Design/methodology/approach This study conducts topic modeling to find factors affecting user satisfaction of real estate service apps using user reviews. Sentiment analysis is additionally conduct on the derived topics to examine the user responses. Findings Users give high sentiment scores for services that can manage factors such as usefulness of information, false sales, and hype. In addition, managing the basic services of app is an important factor influencing user satisfaction.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2006

Background : Utilization review has been adopted as a vehicle for cost and utilization control of health care services. Its role was further stressed and expanded through the establishment of Health Insurance Review Agency in 2001. This article is to introduce concept, activities, and effect of utilization review based on the experiences of U.S. and to suggest important characteristics for ideal utilization review activities at the national level in Korea. Method : Twenty-five articles related with utilization review were reviewed after being selected through web site search through Med Line and Richis. Result : Utilization review was introduced mainly for health care expenditure control either by insurer, provider or the third parties under the pressure of increasing health care cost. It's activities can be categorized to prospective, concurrent and retrospective review according to the time of service provision. Based on most of studies, utilization review has been effective in controling rising health care cost and utilization. However it's effectiveness assumes a reimbursement structure of managed care like capitation payment. More worse, it is still unknown it's effectiveness on quality of care. Conclusion : Utilization review should be employed to increase the cost effectiveness of medical care by optimizing quality and patient's outcomes while also attempting to reduce the use of resources. So, it should consider outcomes before expenditures, check for both under and over-use, and construct an structure in which consumption is reduced equitably. Aggressive adoption of utilization review in Korean health care setting with fee-for-service reimbursement structure might not be a cost-effective approach before adoption of prospective payment system such as D.R.G. and capitation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2024

Objectives: Adjusting for potential confounders is crucial for producing valuable evidence in outcome studies. Although numerous studies have been published using the Korea National Health Insurance Claim Database, no study has critically reviewed the methods used to adjust for confounders. This study aimed to review these studies and suggest methods and applications to adjust for confounders. Methods: We conducted a literature search of electronic databases, including PubMed and Embase, from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. In total, 278 studies were retrieved. Eligibility criteria were published in English and outcome studies. A literature search and article screening were independently performed by 2 authors and finally, 173 of 278 studies were included. Results: Thirty-nine studies used matching at the study design stage, and 171 adjusted for confounders using regression analysis or propensity scores at the analysis stage. Of these, 125 conducted regression analyses based on the study questions. Propensity score matching was the most common method involving propensity scores. A total of 171 studies included age and/or sex as confounders. Comorbidities and healthcare utilization, including medications and procedures, were used as confounders in 146 and 82 studies, respectively. Conclusions: This is the first review to address the methods and applications used to adjust for confounders in recently published studies. Our results indicate that all studies adjusted for confounders with appropriate study designs and statistical methodologies; however, a thorough understanding and careful application of confounding variables are required to avoid erroneous results.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.387-394
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• 2000

Family-center service(FCS) is a popular phrase widely used to encompass a set of ideas about service delivery to children and their families. The purpose of this anicle is to review the history behind FCS. the dennition of FCS, the theory and conceptual framework for FCS, and the implications of FCS for physical therapists. This article provides some informations about FCS.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.89-100
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• 1993

Recently, comprehensive financial service system based on individual, households' economic security and financial independence has emerged as a professional service system in America, while it has not been studied in our country. In order to develop conceptual model of Financial Service System, this paper reviewed ; 1) the concept of financial problem divided into tow dimension, such as financial resource and financial demand, 2) theories of financial service system, further this work also included the identification of relations between financial problem and financial service system.