• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.369-382
• /
• 2014

The aim of this study is to provide the fundamental information on satisfaction for school food service and dietary habits of middle school students in Sejong Special Self-Governing City. Generally, the subjects had a high satisfaction level for school food service. The boys had comparatively more satisfactory days for school food service than the girls. The most dissatisfactory factors of school food service were the taste and variety of menu for the girls, and the time and place for lunch and the service of employee for the boys. The intersexual differences existed with a significant difference in the irregular intake of meals, the reasons to skip meals, and the eating speed. For the boys, the main reason to skip meals was due to lack of appetite, and for the girls, it was the weight-control. The boys finished each meal within 5~10 min and ate more than the amount the girls eat in general. The main components of breakfast for the subjects were a cooked rice, soup, and side dish in 65.9%, and the frequency of skipping breakfast was high with 32.8%, which was once per week. The favorite snacks for the middle school students were cookies and beverages in 29.4%, instant foods in 24.3%, and hamburger and pizza in 21.4%. The intake frequency of snacks was once or twice per week in 46.5% of the subjects. In addition, the subjects had a very high intake frequency of fastfoods with once or twice per week in 72.7%, and the most favorite fastfood was ramen in 57.7%. The subjects in 45.3% took dairy food every day. In conclusion, the middle school students need nutrition education to improve their eating habit and to increase the frequency of breakfast.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.192-200
• /
• 2007

In this study, we investigated the variables related to the science teaching efficacy beliefs of pre-service and in-service elementary school teachers. The participants were 176 freshmen and 260 seniors from an university of education and 234 teachers from 25 elementary schools located in Jeonju. Variables concerning pre-service teachers include their sex, career/study tracks (science or non-science), and the number of science courses taken either at high school or at university. Variables concerning in-service teachers include their sex, academic degree, the frequency and type of participation in science in-service training, and their teaching career experience. The Science Teaching Efficacy Beliefs Instrument was used to measure teachers' self-efficacy beliefs. The results indicated that the personal science teaching efficacy belief scores of seniors were significantly lower than those of freshmen and in-service teachers, whereas the science teaching outcome expectancy scores of seniors were significantly higher than those of freshmen. Among variables investigated, sex, career/study track, the number of science courses taken at high school, and the frequency and type of participation in science in-service training were found to significantly influence teachers' science teaching efficacy beliefs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.67-71
• /
• 2015

Shock and vibration inputs are transmitted from the transporting vehicle through the packaging to the fruit during the parcel delivery service. The vibration causes sustained bouncing of fruits against each other and the container wall. The steady state vibration input may cause serous fruit injury, and the damage is particularly severe if the fruits are bounced at its resonance frequency. The determination of the resonance frequencies of the fruits and vegetables may help the packaging designer to determine the proper packaging system providing adequate protection for the fruits, and to understand the complex interaction between the components of the fruits when they relate to expected transportation vibration inputs. To analyze the vibration properties of the apples for optimum packaging design during transportation for parcel delivery service, random vibration tests were carried out. In the random vibration test, the resonance frequency and PSD of the apples in packaging system for parcel delivery service in the test were in the range of 13 to 99 Hz and $0.0143{\sim}0.0923G^2/Hz$.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2016

The general frequent pattern mining considers frequency and support of items. To extract useful information, it is necessary to consider frequency and weight of items that reflects the changing of user interest as time passes. The suitable services considering time or location is requested by user so that the weighted mining method is necessary. We propose a method of weighted frequent pattern mining based on service ontology. The weight considering time and location is given to service items and it is applied to association rule mining method. The extracted rule is combined with stored service rule and it is based on timely service to offer for user.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2013

In this paper, we present the compatibility study results including the frequency sharing criteria between new allocation to maritime mobile satellite service and Earth exploration satellite service in the 7/8 GHz. The transmitting Earths station of MMSS in the 8025 - 8400 MHz band would make harmful interference to the receiving Earth station of EESS operating in the same frequency band. In order to ensure the compatibility with EESS, the separation distance is provided as a frequency sharing criteria. The republic of Korea has a plan to launch the geostationary satellite around 2017 and EESS Earth station will be operated in 8025 - 8400 MHz band. Therefore, we calculate the interference levels and separation distance using the system parameters of two Earth station systems. As results of the study, the separation distances for LOS path and Non-LOS path due to the geographical characteristics are shown around 471 km and 200 km, respectively.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.601-617
• /
• 2014

In digital radio broadcasting systems, long delays are incurred in service start time when tuning to a particular frequency because several synchronization steps, such as symbol timing synchronization, frame synchronization, and carrier frequency offset and sampling frequency offset compensation are necessary. Therefore, the operation of the synchronization blocks causes delays ranging from several hundred milliseconds to a few seconds until the start of the radio service after frequency tuning. Furthermore, if spectrum inversed signals are transmitted in digital radio broadcasting systems, the receivers are unable to decode them, even though most receivers can demodulate the spectral inversed signals in analog radio broadcasting systems. Accordingly, fast synchronization techniques and a method for spectral inversion detection are required in digital radio broadcasting systems that are to replace the analog radio systems. This paper presents a joint detection method of frame, integer carrier frequency offset, and spectrum inversion for DRM Plus digital broadcasting systems. The proposed scheme can detect the frame and determine whether the signal is normal or spectral inversed without any carrier frequency offset and sampling frequency offset compensation, enabling fast frame synchronization. The proposed method shows outstanding performance in environments where symbol timing offsets and sampling frequency offsets exist.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.70-80
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to identify the factors that affect the expected frequency of performance and the importance in nursing practice of total care service recognized by nursing college students. Methods: This is a descriptive study. A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on 288 nursing students of E university and data was collected and analyzed using the SPSS program. Results: The average scores for the expected frequency of performance and the importance in nursing practice of total care service were $4.07{\pm}0.58$ and $4.00{\pm}0.50$ respectively. The expected frequency of performance was found to have a significantly positive correlation with the importance in nursing practice. Additionally, the factors that influenced the degree of recognition in the expected frequency of performance and the importance in nursing practice of total care service among nursing students were comfortable care and respiratory care, respectively. Conclusion: The major finding of this study shows a significantly positive correlation between the expected frequency of performance and the importance in nursing practice. These results suggest that effective and systematic education is needed on factors affecting the expected frequency of performance and the importance in nursing practice for nursing college students.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.541-553
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the frequency and importance of basic nursing practice between comprehensive nursing care service wards and general wards and to provide basic data for the efficient of services. The subjects of this study were 99 comprehensive nursing care service and 90 general wards. Data were collected from February 1 to 28, 2018 and analyzed using a t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Scheffe test. The results showed that the frequency of basic nursing practice was higher by 2.43, and there were significant differences in personal hygiene, nutrition and excretion, exercise & activity. The recognition of the importance of basic nursing was high in both groups, but comprehensive nursing care service wards were slightly higher at 4.24 points. However, as the frequency of practice is lower than the recognition of the importance of basic nursing, a method to increase the frequency of practice is necessary. These results suggest that comprehensive nursing care service wards should provide appropriate nursing staff and system development so the nurses can provide care service as professionals.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.31-43
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Service quality is a topic of constant interest in marketing research and practitioners. Service quality is an important factor influencing performance even in the context of coffee shops, and research on service quality management strategies continues by coffee shop researchers and practitioners. The service quality of coffee shops is a source of competitive advantage and is an important factor in enhancing customer and business performance. This study aims to identify the effects of cognitive evaluation on emotional and behavioral responses using a cognitive-emotional-behavioral framework and SOR model in the coffee shop context. Cognitive evaluation (service quality) consists of tangibles, responsiveness, assurance, reliability, and empathy dimensions. Research design, data, and methodology: In the proposed model, positive and negative emotions and satisfaction mediate the relationship between service quality and money to spend and visit frequency. The data were collected from customers who visited a coffee shop within the last 1 month. The survey was conducted for about one month. Among a total of 300 distributed questionnaires 261 responses were used for data analysis. The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, measurement model analysis, and structural equation modeling analysis with SPSS 28.0 and SmartPLS 4.0. Results: Tangibles, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy had significant positive effects on positive emotion, while only reliability had a significant negative effect on negative emotion. Both positive and negative emotions had significant positive effects on customer satisfaction, but not on money to spend and visit frequency. Lastly, customer satisfaction had significant positive effects on money to spend and visit frequency. Conclusions: The study revealed the relative weight of cognitive factors on customer emotions and confirmed the validity of SOR model. The fact that tangibility is the most important factor in increasing positive emotions and reliability is the most important factor in reducing negative emotions provides a direction for emotional branding strategies using the service quality mix of coffee shops. This study confirmed the full mediating role of satisfaction between positive and negative emotions and consumer behaviors (money to spend and visit frequency). This infers that when a coffee shop increases customer satisfaction through customer emotion management, the customer's money to spend and visit frequency in the coffee shop increases.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2005

This paper evaluates the impacts for interference from UWB system, and determines the tolerable UWB power spectral density(PSD) to the new deploying system, which is called a portable internet service in Korea. It also proposes the interference analysis scheme that can evaluate the characteristics of the performance degradation for portable internet service according to the emission power of UWB systems at the specified frequency bands. The proposed scheme includes a multi-rate and data service environments to deal with interference to portable internet service. It is obtained from simulation results that the transmission PSD of UWB systems should be rigidly restricted by less approximately 10 ${\~}$ 20 dB than FCC provisional limit for coexistence between UWB and portable internet service already allocated at 2.3 GHz frequency bands in Korea.