• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2013

Advantage of saliva analysis are the ease of sample collection and that samples can be collected more frequently with much less stress on the patient. The objective of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the concentrations of saliva and fasting serum glucose in both normal and diabetic subjects. The mean salivary glucose level in diabetic patients was $15.66{\pm}17.1$ mg/dl and $1.78{\pm}1.72$ mg/dl (P = 0.0006) in the control group. The mean fasting serum glucose level in diabetic patients was $202.12{\pm}66.91$ mg/dl, while that in the control group was $94.21{\pm}14.97$ mg/dl (P < 0.0001). The 0.95 degree of correlation between salivary and fasting serum glucose could be demonstrated. The concentration of salivary and fasting serum glucose was not significant different betweeen the measurements for male and female. In the oral glucose tolerance test (75g), the glucose concentration in saliva progressively increased during the first 30 minutes of the test and then progressively decreased, reaching at minutes 120 ~ 180 lowest point as like fasting serum glucose concentration. We can conclude that salivary glucose concentration was significantly higher in the diabetic subjects and that there was significant correlation between salivary and fasting serum glucose concentration. Measurement of salivary glucose could be a useful test having good correlation between salivary and fasting serum glucose concentration.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.81-103
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• 2002

This present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Saengjingamrotang and Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats. Body weigh, serum levels of glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and urine levels of volume, glucose, protein were measured in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats orally receiving extracts of Sanengjingamrotang and Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis for 4 days. The results were as follows: 1. The change of body weight, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has the notable increase, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration has no notable change, as compared to control group. 2. The change of the content on serum glucose, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang conctntration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 3. The change of the content on serum insulin, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has the notable increase, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration has no notable change, as compared to control group. 4. The change of the content on serum total cholesterol, the medication group of saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 5. The change of the content on serum triglyceride, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis Concentration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 6. The change of urine volume, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has the notable decrease, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration has no notable change, as compared to control group. 7. The change of the content on urine glucose, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration have notable decrease, as compared to control group. 8. The Change of the content of serum protein, the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration and the medication group of Saengjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration have notable decrease, s compared to control group. 9. The change of body weight, serum insulin and urine volume, the medication group of saenfjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis concentration has more notable change than the medication group of Saengjingamrotang concentration, as compared to control group. According to above mentioned results, Saengjingamrotang and Saenfjingamrotang plus Radix Trichosanthis have the effect of decreased blood sugar, serum lipid levels and urine volume, protein, glucose in streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic rats, and so they were expected to be appled to the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2002

This study was to investigate 1) the correlation of serum Ca, with depression and anxiety ; and 2) the effect of Ca intake on those symptoms. The subjects were three females and two males who were 53-66 years old with the severe subjective symptoms of depression and anxiety. They have taken more than twice Ca of RDA(recommended dietary allowances for Koreans) daily for 6 months(dietary treatment). The prestudy Ca intake of the subjects was low: 60% of RDA for Koreans. Their serum Ca concentration was also low: 6.67 $\pm$ 0.15mg/d1 before the dietary treatment. They expressed severs depression and anxiety, with high self scores in a psychological test. Their serum Ca concentration increased to 8.32 $\pm$ 0.17mg/dl after six months of dietary treatment, while the symptoms of depression and anxiety decreased significantly after two months and nearly disappeared after six months. This result seemed to be an effect of the dietary high Ca intake. Serum Ca and the psychological states of depression and anxiety correlated negatively, and the coefficients of determination were high in the results of linear regression analysis of depression and anxiety by serum Ca. Therefore the serum Ca concentration could be a good marker to predict depression or anxiety relatively well. The continuous high Ca intake could decrease the probability of developing depression or anxiety and mitigate their symptoms because serum Ca concentration increased, while the state of depression and anxiety decreased with the increased Ca intake.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.437-447
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• 1999

The intake of fatty acids, and the effects of fatty acid intake patterns on serum lipid concentrations was investigated in 112 postmenopausal women. Dietary intakes of fatty acids were assessed by means of a semi-quantitative food questionnaire with food models and other measuring tools. The intakes of saturated fatty acid(SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid(MFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) were 10.85g, 11.89g and 12.09g, respectively. The ratios of P/M/S and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 fatty acid were 1.19 : 1.10 : 1 and 6.65 ; 1, respectively. Serum lipid concentrations were adjusted for age, menopausal period, BMI, stress scores, exercise habit and energy intake and the relationship between fatty acid intake and serum lipids was measured using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Serum cholesterol concentration was positively correlated with dietary intake of SFA (p<0.10), MUFA(p<0.05), palmitic acid(p<0.10), stearic acid(p<0.05), oleic aicd(p<0.05), and arachidonic acid(p<0.10). Serumk LDL-cholesterol concentration was positively correlated with MUFA(p<0.10), oleic acid(p<0.10), oleic acid(p<0.10), and arachidonic acid (p<0.10). Serum triglyceride concentration was positively correlated with arachidonic acid(p<0.10). However, serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was not found to be significantly correlated with any fatty acids.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 1997

In order to supplement a diagnostic method for detection of infectious cattle to bovine tuberculosis, performed ELISA for detection of antibody to if bovis in serum and milk. The diagnostic efficacy of the established ELISA was compared with test of the tuberculin skin test for bovine tuberculosis. The positive corresponding rate of serum ELISA and tuberculin skin test showed 84.3%, milk ELISA and tuberculin skin test showed 75.0%, milk ELISA and serum ELISA showed 75.0% respectively. Comparison of the serum and milk to tuberculin antibody concentration in tuberculin positive cattle, the milk contained 1/100-1/150 concentration compared serum tuberculin concentration. The established ELISA was considered efficient for detection of antibodies to M bovis in serum and milk.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2006

The present study examined the effect of soy isoflavones on lipid metabolism in growing female rats. Rats were randomly assigned to three different groups and provided experimental diets for 9 weeks. The experimental groups were classified into 1) a control group, 2) a soy protein isolate group: soy (+)) group and 3) a soy protein concentration group: soy (-)) group. Diets contained either casein or one of two soy proteins with (soy (+)) or without isoflavones (soy (-)). Serum triglyceride concentration showed no significant differences among the experimental groups. Serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in both the soy (+) and soy (-) groups than in the control group and LDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the soy (+). Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the control group than in the soy protein groups but the HDL-cholesterol share rate in total cholesterol tended to be lower in the control group than in the soy protein groups, insignificant as it was. Hepatic IDL receptor mRNA level was significantly increased in the soy (+) group when compared to the other two groups to be 20% higher than the control group. In conclusion, soy protein isolate, soy protein rich with isoflavones reduced serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentration and increased hepatic IDL receptor mRNA expression in growing female rats. Therefore, it is considered that the intake of soy isoflvones during puberty can be advantageous in terms of the long-tenn control of serum lipid.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.729-738
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• 1998

Antioxidants such as vitamin C and E may play a preventive role in the development of cancer and coronary heart disease. The status of vitamins C and E may be affected by lifestyle habits such as smoking , drinking, and exercise. These habits can modify the dietary requirements of vitamin C and vitamin E. the purpose of this study was to determine whether Korean young healthy men and women consume vitamins C and E in sufficient quantities relative to their lifestyle habits. Among the participants in this study, 52% of the men and none of the women were smokers. ; 84% of all subjects drank alcohol more than once a week ; and the men exercised more often than the women. The concentrations of serum total , HDL-, and LDL- cholesterol were higher in the women than in the men, but the serum triglyceride concentrations were higher in the men than in the women. The men consumed less satuated fat than the women (p<0.05) . The daily intakes of vitamin C for the men and the women were 47.1mg and 65.6mg, respectively. On the other hand , the daily vitamin E intake was higher in the men (11.8mg) than women(6.9mg). The serum $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations of all subjects were in a normal range, and in no subjects were they below the minimum value of ranges. However, about 19% of male subjects and 10% of female subjects showed deficient status, although the mean serum vitamin C levels were normal . Lifestyle habits fo the sort mentioned above have little influence on the serum vitamin C and $\alpha$-tocopherol concentrations. The serum $\alpha$-tocopherol concentration had a positive correlation with total fat and alcohol consumption. The serum vitamin C concentration was positively associated with regular exercise, but it was negatively correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked. Meanwhile, the serum lipid persoxide concentration , the indirect index of oxidative stress, was influenced by certain variable such as body mass index , the number of cigarettes smoked , alcohol consumption, energy expenditure, vitamin C intake, and serum ${\gamma}$-tocopherol concentration. Serum lipid peroxide concentration was positively associated with body mass index, the number of cigarette smoked , serum triglyceride , and HDL-cholesterol concentration. In conclusion , the vitamin E requirements of the subjects were met by the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) regardless of lifestyle habits. However, serum vitamin C concentrations showed individual variation and was below the normal ranges. Smoking and exercise influenced serum vitamin C concentration. Therefore, a reevaluation of the requirements of vitamin C relative to lifestyle habits is necessary.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.368-378
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effects of isolated soyprotein and salt (NaCl) restriction on the serum lipid and the kidney functions of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley males of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were raised for 6 weeds divided into 4 groups each according to protein sources and salt levels. The sources of protein were isolated soyprotein and casein. Salt levels tested were 0.1% (normal) and 0.01% (low). The results are summarized as fellows: kidney weight, blood glucose, hemoglobinAlc, GFR and urinary protein of diabetic groups were higher than those of normal groups. Isolated soyprotein lowered total lipids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol in serum and plasma angiotensin II concentration as well as alleviated kidney enlargement and GFR in diabetic rats. Salt restriction didn\\`t affect serum lipid level but decreased GFR and increased angiotensin If concentration. In conclusion, isolated soyprotein decreased serum lipids, plasma angiotensin II concentration, sidney enlargement and GFR, while salt restriction increased plasma angiotensin II concentration. The results suggest that isolated soyprotein and salt restriction seem to cause different effects on plasma angiotensin II concentration and that isolated soyprotein might be of value in the prevention of diabetic artherosclerosis and diabetic hypertension.

• The Journal of Korea CHUNA Manual Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2000

the aim of this study was to investigate whether osteoporosis can be advanced after cerebral infarction Of not and role of female sex hormone. all animals were classified 4 groups; group of ovariectomy (OVXgroup) group of cerebral infarction( INF group), group of combination ovariectomy and cerebral infarction(OVX + INF group), naturally intact group for control data (NOR group ). cerebral infarction was made by Chen,s method with some modification and ovariectomy was performed by Wayforth,s method. experimental data was collected at 15 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6months after starting observation. serum 17 ${{\beta}-estradiol\;(E_2)}$ was determined by radioimmunoassay, for comparision of osteoporosis formation, bone density, serum osteocalcin, Serum total calcium and phosphorus, Serum AST Concentration, Serum ALT Concentration, Creatinine Concentration were also calculated. we have found that cerebral ischemia decreases not only the serum concentration of 17 ${{\beta}-estradiol\;(E_2)}$ and inhibits but also the physiologically compensatory function of the ovariectomized rats and that the decreased estrogen concentration followed by cerebral infarction have not produced osteoporosis, regretfully.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1433-1437
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• 2007

Two field trials were carried out to evaluate the performance of a soluble glass copper, cobalt and selenium bolus for maintaining adequate levels of the three trace elements in yaks. Forty yaks were used in trial 1 and 60 yaks were used in trial 2. In each trial two commercial soluble glass boluses were administered to half of the yaks. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein at day 0, 30, 60, 90 in trial 1 and at day 0, 45, 75 and 105 in trial 2. The samples were analysed for copper status (serum caeruloplasmin activity and copper concentration), cobalt status (serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentration and cobalt concentration), selenium status (erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium concentration) and serum zinc concentration. The erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activities, serum caeruloplasmin activities and serum vitamin $B_{12}$ concentrations for trial 1 and 2 were all significantly increased for the bolused yaks (p<0.001 or p<0.01) on all sampling days. The bolused yaks had a significantly higher selenium and copper status in serum than the control yaks on all sampling days in trial 1 and 2 (p<0.05 or p<0.01). There were no significant differences in zinc and cobalt concentrations between the bolused yaks and the controls.