Browse > Article

Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Lipid Profiles and Hepatic LDL Receptor mRNA Level in Growing Female Rats  

Jo, Hyun-Ju (Department of Medicinal Food & Health, World Cyber College)
Choi, Mi-Ja (Department of Food & Nutrition, Keimyung University)
Yoo, Min (Department of Biology, Keimyung University)
Publication Information
Nutritional Sciences / v.9, no.2, 2006 , pp. 74-81 More about this Journal
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of soy isoflavones on lipid metabolism in growing female rats. Rats were randomly assigned to three different groups and provided experimental diets for 9 weeks. The experimental groups were classified into 1) a control group, 2) a soy protein isolate group: soy (+)) group and 3) a soy protein concentration group: soy (-)) group. Diets contained either casein or one of two soy proteins with (soy (+)) or without isoflavones (soy (-)). Serum triglyceride concentration showed no significant differences among the experimental groups. Serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in both the soy (+) and soy (-) groups than in the control group and LDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the soy (+). Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in the control group than in the soy protein groups but the HDL-cholesterol share rate in total cholesterol tended to be lower in the control group than in the soy protein groups, insignificant as it was. Hepatic IDL receptor mRNA level was significantly increased in the soy (+) group when compared to the other two groups to be 20% higher than the control group. In conclusion, soy protein isolate, soy protein rich with isoflavones reduced serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentration and increased hepatic IDL receptor mRNA expression in growing female rats. Therefore, it is considered that the intake of soy isoflvones during puberty can be advantageous in terms of the long-tenn control of serum lipid.
Keywords
Isoflavones; Lipid concentration; LDL receptor mRNA; Growing female rat;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Martin RM, Horwitz KB, Ryan DS, McGuire WL. Phytoestrogen interaction with estrogen receptors in human breast cancer cells. Endocrinology 198:1860-1867, 1978
2 Li C, Briggs MR, Ahlborn TE, Kreamer FB, Liu J. Requirement of Sp1 and estrogen receptor alpha interaction in 17 beta-estradiol mediated transcription activation of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene expression. Endocrinology 142(4): 1546-1553, 2001   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Borradaile NM, de Dreu LE, Wilcox LJ, Edwards JY, Huff MW. Soya phytoestrogens, genistein and daidzein, decrease apolipoprotein B secretion from HepG2 cells through multiple mechanisms. Biochem J 366(Pt 2):531-539, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Strong JP, Malcom GT, McMahan CA. Prevalence and extent of atherosclerosis in adolescents and young adults. JAMA 281:727-735, 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Lee SK, Lee MJ, Yoon S, Kwon DJ. Estimated isoflavone intake from soy products in korean middle-aged women. J Korea Soc Food Sci Nutr 29:948-956, 2000   과학기술학회마을
6 Folch J, Lees M, Sloanestanley GH. Asimple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue. J Biol Chem 226 :497-509, 1957
7 Choi, MJ. Effects of soy protein on bone mineral content and bone mineral density in growing male rat. Kor J Nutr 35:409-413, 2002   과학기술학회마을
8 Huff MW, Carroll KK. Effects of dietary proteins and amino acid mixtures on plasma cholesterol leverls in rabbits. J Nutr 110:1676-1685, 1980   DOI
9 Anthony MS, Clarkson TB, Hughes, CL, Morgan TM, Burke GL. Soybean isoflavones improve cardiovascular risk factors without affecting the reproductive system of peripubetral rhesus monkeys. J Nutr 126:43-50, 1996   DOI
10 Bustin SA. Quantification of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR): trends and problems. J Mol Endocrinol 29:23-39. 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Hotron JD, Cuthbert JA, Spady DK. Dietary fatty acids regulate hepatic low density lipoprotein(LDL) transport by altering LDL receptor protein and mRNA levels. J Clin Invest 92:743-749, 1993   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Jay D. Horton, Jennifer A. Cuthbert, Danid K. Spady. Dietary fatty acids regulate hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) transport by altering LDL receptor protein and mRNA Levels. J Clin Invest 92:743-749, 1993   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Kirk EA, Sutherland P, Wang SA, Chait A, LeBoeuf RC. Dietary isoflavones reduce plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 mice but not LDL receptor-deficient mice. J Nutr 28:954-959, 1998
14 Zhan S, Ha SC. Meta-analysis of the effects of say protein containing isoflavones on the lipid profile. Am J Clin Nutr 81:937-408, 2005
15 Klevay LM. Coronary heart disease: the zinc/copper hypothesis. Am J Clin Nutr 28:764-774, 1975   DOI
16 Jayo MJ, Anthony MS, Register C, Rankin SE, Best T, Clarkson TB. Dietary soy isoflavones and bone loss; a study in ovariectomized monkeys. J Bone Mineral Res 11:s228(Abstr), 1996
17 Song TT, Hendrich S, Murphy PA. Estrogenic activity of glycitein, a Soy Isoflavone. J Agric Food Chem 47:1607-1610, 1999   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Kim, MS. Beneficial effect of soy isoflavone on bone loss and hyperlipidemia ovariectomized rats. Dissertation of Ph.D, Seoul National University, 1999
19 Tavia G, William BK. Menopause and coronary heart disease: Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 89:157-161, 1978   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Engelman HM, Alekel DL, Hanson LN, Kanthasamy AG, Reddy MB. Blood lipid and oxidative stress responses ta say protein with isoflavones and phytic acid in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 81:590-596, 2005   DOI
21 Sidhy GS, Oakenfull DG. A mechanism for hypocholesterolemic activity of saponins. Br J Nutr 55:643-649, 1986   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Messina M, Messina V. Saoyfoods, soybean isoflavones, and health: a brief overview. J Ren Nutr 10(2):63-68, 2000   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Shorey RL, Day PJ, Willis RA. Effects of soybean polysaccharide on plasma lipids. J Am Diet Assoc 85:1461-1465, 1985
24 Setchel KDR, Nechemias LZ, Cai J, heubi JE. isoflavones content of infant formulas and the metabolic fate of these phytoestrogens in early life. Am J Clin Nutr 68(Suppl):1453s-1461s, 1988
25 Wangen KE, Duncan AM, Xu X, Kurzer MS. Soy isoflavones improve plasma lipids in normocholesterrolemic and mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 73:225-231, 2001   DOI
26 Krtcihevsky D. Dietary protein and experimental atherosclerosis. Ann NY Acad Sci 676:180-187, 1993   DOI
27 Lees CJ, Ginn TA. Soy protein isolate diet does not prevent increased cortical bone turnover in ovariectomized macques. Calcif Tissue Int 62:557-558, 1998   DOI
28 Potter SM. Soy protein and cardiovascular disease: the impact of bioactive components in say. Nutr Rev 56:231-235, 1998   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Zhou JR. Say and the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 31:S14-S19, 2004   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Gardner CD, Newell KA, Cherin R, Haskell WL. The effect of soy protein with or without isoflavones relative milk protein on plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 73:728-735, 2001   DOI
31 Dwyer JT, Goldin BR, Saul N, Gualtieri L, Barakat S, Adlercreutz H. Tofu and soy drinks contain phytoestrogens. J Am Diet Assoc 94:739-743, 1994   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Kuiper GJM, Lemmen JG, Calsson B. Interaction of estrogen chemicals and phytoestrogens with estrogen receptor ${\beta}.$ Endocrinology 139:4252-4263, 1998   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Baum JA, Teng H, Erdman JW Jr. Long-term intake of soy protein improves blood lipid profiles and increases mononuclear cell low density lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA in hypercholesterolemic, postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 68:545-551, 1998   DOI
34 Haglund O, Loustarinen R, Wallin R, Wibell I, Saldeen T. The effect of fish oil on triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen and malondialdehyde in humans supplemented with vitamin. Eur J Nutr 121:165-172, 1991   DOI
35 Friedewald WT, Levy RJ, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma without use of ultracentrafuge. Clin Chem 18:499-502, 1972
36 Potter SM. Soy protein and serum lipids. Curr Opin Lipidol 7:260-264, 1996   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Demonty I, Lamarche B, Jones PJ. Role of isoflavones in the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy. Nutr Rev 61: 189-203, 2003   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Brown MS, Kovanen PT, Goldstein JL. Regulation of plasma cholesterol by lipoprotein receptors. Science 212:628-635, 1981   DOI
39 Teixeira BH. Effects of feeding 4 levels of soy protein for 3 and 6 wk on blood lipids. Am J Clin Nutr 71:1074-1084, 2000
40 Connor WE, DB Stone, RE Hodges. The interrelated effects of dietary cholesterol and fat upon human serum lipid levels. J Clin Invest 43:1691-1696, 1964   DOI   ScienceOn
41 Sirtori CR, Lovati MR, Manzoni C. Soy and cholesterol reduction: clinical expirience. J Nutr 125(suppl):598s-605s, 1995
42 Kurowska EM, Carroll KK. Hypercholesterolemic responses in rabbits to selected groups of dietary essential amino acids. J Nutr 124:364-370, 1994
43 Makela S, Davis VL, Tally WC. Dietary estrogens act through estrogen receptor mediated processes and show no anti-estrogenicity in cultured breast cancer cells. Environ health perspect 102:572-578, 1994   DOI
44 Zhuo XG, Melby MK, Watanabe S. Soy isoflavone intake lowers serum LDL cholesterol: ameta-analysis of 8 randomized controlled trials humans. J Nutr 134:2395-2400, 2004   DOI
45 Lovati MR, Manzoni C, Canavesi A. Soybean protein diet increases low density lipoptotein receptor activity in mononuclear cells from hypercholesterolemic patients. J Clin Invest 80:1498-1502, 1987   DOI
46 Setchell KDR, Borriella SP, Hulme P, Axelson M. Nonsteroidal estrogens of dietary origin: Possible roles in hormone dependent disease. Am J Clin Nutr 40:569-578, 1984   DOI
47 National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood. Report of the Expert Panel or Blood Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents. National Cholesterol Education Program. Bethesda. NIH Publication No. 91-27-32, 1991
48 Choi MJ, Jo HJ. Effect of isoflavones supplemented diet on lipid concentration and hepatic LDL receptor mRNA level in growing female rats. Kar J Nutr 38: 1-8, 2005
49 Knight DC, Eden JA. A review of the clinical effects of phytoestrogens. Obest Gynecol 87:897-890, 1996
50 Arjmandi AH, Getlinger MJ, Goyal NV, Alekel L, Hasler CL, Juma S, Drum ML, Hollis BW, Kukreja SC. Role of soy protein with normal or reduced isoflavone content in reversing bone loss induced by ovarian hormone deficiency in rat. Am J Clin Nutr 68(Suppl):1358s-1363s, 1998
51 Jayagopal V, Albertazzi P, Kilpatrick ES, Howarth EM, Jennings PE, Hepburn DA, Atkin SL. Beneficial effects of soy phytoestrogen intake in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes care 25:1709-1714, 2002   DOI   ScienceOn
52 Sacks FM, Breslow JL, Wood PG, Kass EH. Lack of an effect of dietary protein and soy protein on plasma cholesterol of strict vegetarians. J Lipid Res 24:1012-1020, 1983