• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2008

Process of the hydroxyapatite (HA) formation on bioactive titanium metal prepared by NaOH treatment in a modified-simulated body fluid (mSBF) containing bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscope attached with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The amorphous titanate, which was formed on titanium surface by NaOH treatment, combined with the calcium ions in the liquid to form an amorphous calcium titanite. With increasing of soaking time in the liquid, an amorphous calcium titanite combined with the phosphate ions to form an amorphous calcium phosphate with low Ca/P atomic ratio, and it grows as aggregates of plate (or needle)-like substance on titanium surface. The crystalline apatite layers, which are needle-shaped with the c axis parallel to the long axis, are formed in an amorphous calcium phosphate with further increase in soaking time. The formation of needle-shaped apatite layers can be explained by electrostatic effects and difference of concentration between calcium, phosphate, and albumin ions.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1426-1433
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• 2022

Objective: The present research was conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of dietary concentration of calcium (Ca) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3) on the performance, blood composition and digestibility of laying hens. Methods: A total of 540 Hy-line brown laying hens aged 61 to 70 weeks were randomly allotted in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, consisting of three levels of 25OHD3 (0, 25, and 50 ㎍/kg) and three levels of Ca (3.5%, 4.0%, and 4.5%). All diets had basal concentration of 3,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3 including the 2,800 kcal/kg of metabolic energy and 16% of crude protein. Results: The results showed that interactive effect (p<0.05) between Ca and 25OHD3 was such that dietary 25OHD3 linearly increased interleukin-6 at all levels of Ca inclusion. Interaction (p<0.05) occurred with the highest parathyroid hormone in laying hens that received dietary concentration of Ca (3.5%) with 25OHD3 (50 ㎍/kg), and Ca (4.0%) with 25OHD3 (50 ㎍/kg). Egg production and egg weight significantly (p<0.05) increased in the 4.5% Ca group compared to the 3.5% to 4.0% Ca groups. Egg shell thickness and tibia bone length also increased (p<0.05) in groups fed a high-Ca diet (4.0% to 4.5%). Phosphorus digestibility significantly (p<0.05) increased along with dietary Ca level. Among the tested 25OHD3 groups, higher (p<0.05) egg production and tibia thickness were present in hens fed 50 ㎍/kg of 25OHD3. Furthermore, Ca digestibility serum Ca and 25OHD3 were significantly increased in group offered 50 ㎍/kg of 25OHD3. Conclusion: The results gathered in this study indicate that dietary concentrations of 4.0% to 4.5% Ca and 50 ㎍/kg 25OHD3 improve the performance of hens from 61 to 70 weeks of age.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.531-536
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• 2002

We investigated the exercise-induced changes in the serum concentration of several minerals in horses. Four welltrained Thoroughbred horses performed exercise for 5 d. The blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration increased during exercise, recovered to the pre-exercise level immediately after cooling down and did not change again up till the end of experiment. The changes in serum zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations were similar to those of blood Hb during the experiment. The serum magnesium (Mg), inorganic phosphorus (Pi) and iron (Fe) concentrations also increased during exercise. Though the serum Pi concentration recovered to the pre-exercise level immediately after the cooling down, it decreased further before the end of the experiment. The serum Mg concentration was lower immediately after cooling down than its pre-exercise level but gradually recovered from the temporal reduction. The recovery of the serum Fe concentration was delayed compared to that of other minerals and recovered 2 h after cooling down. The serum calcium (Ca) concentration did not change during exercise but rapidly decreased after cooling down. As a result, it was lower immediately after cooling down than its pre-exercise level. It recovered, however, to the pre-exercise level 2 h after cooling down. The temporal increase in the serum concentrations of all minerals except Ca is considered to result from hemoconcentration induced by exercise and the stable concentration of the serum Ca during exercise is possibly due to its strict regulation of homeostasis. These results indicate that the serum concentration of each mineral responds differently to exercise in horses, which may be due to the difference in metabolism among these minerals.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제59권7호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2016

Purpose: To compare different regimens of vitamin D with respect to its serum increment levels and bone mineral accrual in vitamin D-deficient children. Methods: Children identified as being vitamin D deficient (serum levels<20 ng/mL) were divided into 3 treatment groups by stratified block randomization (group 1, 4,000 IU/day of vitamin D3 plus 50 mg/kg/day calcium for 12 weeks; group 2, 30,000 IU/wk of vitamin D3 plus 50 mg/kg/day calcium for 12 weeks; and group 3, 300,000 IU of vitamin D3 once intramuscularly plus 50 mg/kg/day calcium). After regimen completion, each child received a maintenance dose of 400 IU/day vitamin D3 plus 50 mg/kg/day calcium. Their serum vitamin D level was measured after 3 and 12 months. Total body less head bone mineral concentration (BMC) and total body less head bone mineral density (BMD) were measured after 12 months. Results: The mean increment in serum vitamin D levels from baseline to 3 months was significantly higher in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2, but the levels from 3 to 12 months were almost similar among all 3 groups. There were no significant differences among the 3 groups with respect to percentage increase of BMD and BMC. Conclusion: The injectable form of vitamin D was more efficacious than the oral forms in increasing the serum level to the normal range. All 3 regimens were equally effective in increasing the BMC and BMD. The 400 IU/day maintenance dose was sufficient to keep the serum level within the normal range.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.125-137
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• 2000

the aim of this study was to investigate whether osteoporosis can be advanced after cerebral infarction Of not and role of female sex hormone. all animals were classified 4 groups; group of ovariectomy (OVXgroup) group of cerebral infarction( INF group), group of combination ovariectomy and cerebral infarction(OVX + INF group), naturally intact group for control data (NOR group ). cerebral infarction was made by Chen,s method with some modification and ovariectomy was performed by Wayforth,s method. experimental data was collected at 15 days, 1 month, 3 months and 6months after starting observation. serum 17 ${{\beta}-estradiol\;(E_2)}$ was determined by radioimmunoassay, for comparision of osteoporosis formation, bone density, serum osteocalcin, Serum total calcium and phosphorus, Serum AST Concentration, Serum ALT Concentration, Creatinine Concentration were also calculated. we have found that cerebral ischemia decreases not only the serum concentration of 17 ${{\beta}-estradiol\;(E_2)}$ and inhibits but also the physiologically compensatory function of the ovariectomized rats and that the decreased estrogen concentration followed by cerebral infarction have not produced osteoporosis, regretfully.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제11권1_2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1996

1, 2, 4-Trichlorobenzene (1, 2, 4-TCB) is used as a dye carrier, as an intermediate in the synthesis of herbicides, as a flame retardant, and for other purpose. After a single oral administration of 1, 2, 4-TCB (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) in rats, toxic effects were studied by means of serum biochemical and heatological analysis, and liver calcium concentration. Administration of 1, 2, 4-TCB resulted in dose-dependent liver and kidney damage as estimated by increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, liver calcium concentration and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Pretreatment with DL-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 2 mmol/kg, i.p. ) considerably decreased liver glutathione concentration, which was accompanied by markedly elevated serum ALT activites. It is well-known that toxicity of halogenated benzene such as bromobenzene, 1, 4-dichlorobenzene is increased by pretreatment of henobarbital (PB), and protected by pretreatment of cytochrome P450 inhibitor including metyrapone (MP). However, there was no obvious alterations in toxicity of 1, 2, 4-TCB by pretreatment of phenobarbital or metyrapone. In comparison with control group, treatment groups exhibited significant changes in some parameters of hematological analysis but all hematological values remined within normal ranges.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1996

1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB) is used as a dye carrier, an intermediate in the syn[hesis of herbicides, aflame retardant, and for other purpose. After a single oral administration of 1,2,4-TCB (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) in rats, toxic effects were studied by means of serum biochemical and hematological analysis, and liver calcium concentration. Administration of 1,2,4-TCB resulted in dose-dependent manner liver and kidney damage being suggested by increased serum alanine aminbtransferase (ALT) activities, liver calcium concentration and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Pretreatment with DL-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO, 2 mmol/kg, i.p.) considerably decreased liver glatathione concentration, which was accompanied by markedly elevated serum ALT activites. It is well-known that toxicity of halogenated benzene such as bromobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene is increased by pretreatment of phenobarbital, and protected by pretreatment of cytochrorn P450 inhibitor including metyrapone. However, there were no obvious alterations in toxicity of 1,2,4-TCB by pretreatment of phenobarbital or metyrapone. In comparison with control group, treatment groups exhibited significant changes in some parameters of hematological analysis but all hematological values remained within normal ranges.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.825-831
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• 1997

This study was to investigate the effect on weight control and changes in serum glucose, total protein , GPT, GOT , cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, and phosphorus contents of seventeen overweight female college students during experimental periods [before grape diet(0 day-, after grape diet (3 day), after control diet(3 day), after normal diet(30 day)]. The mean weight, height , BMI, and Rohrer index of the subjects at the onset of the study was 58.91$\pm$5.22kg, 159.94$\pm$6.01cm, 22.96$\pm$1.17, and 20.06$\pm$1.48 respectively. During the study subjects, conducted grape diets, control diets, and normal diets to control their weight. They analyzed their changes in anthrophometric variables. The mean weight was significantly decreased from 58.29$\pm$7.85kg to 57.2$\pm$8.23kg after normal diet(p<0.05). Therefore BMI (body mass index) and Rohrer index was also significantly decreased after experimental periods. The analysis of dietary intake showed that the grape diet induced unbalanced low nutrient intake, but the intake of total calories and other nutrients were almost recovered their onset of the study during control and normal diets. The concentration of serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride GOT, and GTP were significantly(p<0.05) decreased and significantly(p<0.05) increased again during experimental periods. Calcium concentrations were not affected by grape diet, but phosphorus concentration was significantly reduced after grape and control diet.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.218-227
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• 1998

단백질 및 칼슘 수준이 체내 철분 및 아연의 평형에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 건강한 젊은 여성 8명을 대상으로 20일간의 대사실험을 실시하였다. 실험대상자는 2일간의 적응 기간 후 저단백저칼슘식이 (44g 단백질, 422mg 칼슘), 고단백저칼슘식이 (85g 단백질, 365mg 칼슘), 고단백고칼슘식이 (84g 단백질, 727mg 칼슘)의 6일씩 각 실험식이를 섭취하였다. 각 식이 기간 후반 3일간의 대변 및 뇨를 수집하고 각 식이 기간이 끝난 후 공복시에 채혈하였다. 각 식이의 열량, 단백질, 칼슘, 철분 및 아연을 분석하고 대변과 뇨의 철분 및 아연을 분석하였으며 혈청중의 철분 및 아연 농도를 측정하여 비교하였다. 식이의 단백질 수준이 높아졌을 때 체내 철분과 아연의 흡수 및 평형이 유의적으로 증가되었으며(P<0.01) 식이의 칼슘 수준이 높아졌을 때 철분(p<0.01) 및 아연(p<0.05)의 흡수 및 평형은 감소되었다. 혈청의 철분이나 아연 농도는 저단백질식이보다 고단백질식이일 때 증가되는 경향이 있었다. 혈청의 철분 농도는 철분 평형보다는 섭취된 철분의 함량과 높은 양의 상관관계(r=0.99)를 나타냈다. 혈청과 두발의 아연 농도 간에는 상관관계를 볼 수 없었다. 본 연구 결과 식이중의 단백질 및 칼슘 섭취수준은 체내 철분 및 아연의 평형에 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 우리 나라 영양권장량을 책정함에 있어서 이러한 영양소들의 대사를 재검토해야 하며 또한 최근 칼슘과 함께 철분을 강화시키는 몇몇의 시판 유제품이나 음료의 실제 유용성에 대한 평가도 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stem waste (FVW), on organic eggs production, calcium utilization, antibody response, serum immunoglobulin, and serum cytokine concentration at early phase of production in laying hens. Methods: A total 210, 19 weeks old aged ISA Brown layers were randomly assigned into 5 equal treatment groups, with 7 replications of 6 hens each. Dietary treatment included a standard basal diet as control; antibiotic (0.05% flavomycin); 2% FVW; 4% FVW; and 6% FVW. The experimental duration was 10 weeks. Results: There was no significant differences (p>0.05) on hen day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among experimental groups. Unmarketable eggs were significantly lower (p<0.05) both in 4% FVW and 6% FVW fed groups than control group. The calcium retention and calcium in egg shell deposition were significantly higher (p<0.05) in FVW inclusion groups than control and antibiotic groups. Antibody titers against Newcastle diseases were significantly higher (p<0.05) in 6% FVW fed group (except combined with 4% FVW at day 147) and infectious bronchitis were significantly higher (p<0.05) in FVW fed groups (except 2% FVW and 4% FVW at day 161) than control and antibiotic groups. Serum immunoglobulin sIgA was significantly higher (p<0.05) in all levels of FVW and IgG was significantly higher (p<0.05) in 4% FVW than control and antibiotic groups. Serum cytokine concentration interleukin-2 (IL-2) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in 6% FVW; IL-6 and tumor necrotic $factor-{\alpha}$ were significantly higher (p<0.05) both in 4% FVW and 6% FVW than control and antibiotic groups; IL-4 was significantly higher (p<0.05) in antibiotic, 2% FVW and 4% FVW fed groups than control. Conclusion: F. velutipes mushroom waste can be used as a novel substitute for antibiotic for organic egg production and sound health status in laying hens.