• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.28 no.3_4
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• pp.753-762
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• 2010

Let K be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space H. Let T : K $\rightarrow$ K be a nonexpansive mapping with a nonempty fixed point set Fix(T). Let f : K $\rightarrow$ K be a contraction mapping. Let {$\alpha_n$} and {$\beta_n$} be sequences in (0, 1) such that $\lim_{x{\rightarrow}0}{\alpha}_n=0$, (0.1) $\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\;{\alpha}_n=+{\infty}$, (0.2) 0 < a ${\leq}\;{\beta}_n\;{\leq}$ b < 1 for all $n\;{\geq}\;0$. (0.3) Then it is proved that the modified Krasnoselski-Mann iterative sequence {$x_n$} given by {$x_0\;{\in}\;K$, $y_n\;=\;{\alpha}_{n}f(x_n)+(1-\alpha_n)x_n$, $n\;{\geq}\;0$, $x_{n+1}=(1-{\beta}_n)y_n+{\beta}_nTy_n$, $n\;{\geq}\;0$, (0.4) converges strongly to a point p $\in$ Fix(T} which satisfies the variational inequality

$\leq$ 0, z $\in$ Fix(T). (0.5) This result improves and extends the corresponding results of Yao et al[Y.Yao, H. Zhou, Y. C. Liou, Strong convergence of a modified Krasnoselski-Mann iterative algorithm for non-expansive mappings, J Appl Math Com-put (2009)29:383-389.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.68-77
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• 2013

'The Third space,' which is the concept that embraces sociological, spatial, and marketing concepts, refers to the place which is other than the home and the workplace and which is a comfortable frequented place where meditation, psychological relaxation, and social needs can be satisfied. 'The Third space' has the characteristics of comfort, openness, interactivity, playfulness, and diversity. In modern times, most of consumption spaces play the role of 'the Third space,' and the typical example is $Caf{\acute{e}}$. $Caf{\acute{e}}$ began from its origin with the characteristics of 'the Third space,' and recently it has become the complex cultural space of urban dwellers. $Caf{\acute{e}}$ as 'the Third space' has the characteristics of a healing space, communication space, personalized space, value-expressive space, culture and consumption space, nomad space. Such characteristics of $Caf{\acute{e}}$ are well represented in the cafes around the regions where 'street culture' has recently been formed. As examined through the examples, $Caf{\acute{e}}$ as 'the Third space' can be more strategically produced by establishing themes through storytelling, giving spatial identity through style creation, diversifying the sequence through complex space organization, and establishing interaction devices through experience elements.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.63-81
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• 2005

In this Paper, Ⅰ illustrate the continuity and severance of Korean railroad. The Korean railroad has been running for 105 years now since it started operation in 1899. Between 1905 and 1945, Japan's imperial government ruled Korea including operations of the railroad. After Korea restored its sovereignty, Korean nationals managed the Korean railroad with our own ability and strategies. At present, we can examine the effect of railroad in perspective of continuity and severance respectively. For one thing, the concept of continuity is described as influence or railroad still remains. For another, the severance shows facts and phenomena that are broken off. I have come up with some facts that are involved with continuity. For example, infrastructure and the formation of cities and land spaces are connected with the sequence. Futhermore, the railroad has made a huge dent in modernization and expedition of movement. In the course of tracing down the facts, I classified the concept of severance : the separation of South and North Korea, drastic changes in transport policy, operations and characteristics. Finally technology has brought about a major breakthrough with the development of Koran high speed rail.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.789-795
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• 2002

Color image is formed of combination of three color channels. Therefore its architecture is very complicated and it requires complicated image Processing for effective image segmentation. In this paper. we propose architecture of universalized Color Morphological Pyramids(CMP) which is able to give effective image segmentation. Image Pyramid architecture is a successive Image sequence whose area ratio $2^{\int}({\int}=1,2,....,N)$ after filtering and subsampling of input image. In this technique, noise removed by sequential filtering and resolution is degraded by downsampling using CMP in various color spaces. After that, new level images are constructed that apply formula using distance of neighbor vectors in close level images and segments its image. The feasibility of proposed method is examined by comparing with the results obtained from the existing method.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2023

Let 𝔼 be a CAT(0) space and K be a nonempty closed convex subset of 𝔼. Let T : K → 𝓟(K) be a multimap such that F(T) ≠ ∅ and ℙ_T(x) = {y ∈ Tx : d(x, y) = d(x, Tx)}. Define sequence {x_n} by x_n+1 = (1 - α)𝜈_n⊕αw_n, y_n = (1 - β)u_n⊕βw_n, z_n = (1-γ)x_n⊕γu_n where α, β, γ ∈ [0; 1]; u_n ∈ ℙ_T (x_n); 𝜈_n ∈ ℙ_T (y_n) and w_n ∈ ℙ_T (z_n). (1) If ℙ_T is quasi-nonexpansive, then it is proved that {x_n} converges strongly to a fixed point of T. (2) If a multimap T satisfies Condition(I) and ℙ_T is quasi-nonexpansive, then {x_n} converges strongly to a fixed point of T. (3) Finally, we establish a weak convergence result. Our results extend and unify some of the related results in the literature.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.235-250
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• 2023

Let 1 ≤ p, q < ∞ be fixed, and let R = [r_jk] be an infinite scalar matrix such that 1 ≤ r_jk < ∞ and sup_j,k r_jk < ∞. Let 𝓑(𝑙_p, 𝑙_q) be the set of all bounded linear operator from 𝑙_p into 𝑙_q. For a fixed Banach algebra 𝐁 with identity, we define a new vector space S^R_p,q(𝐁) of infinite matrices over 𝐁 and a paranorm G on S^R_p,q(𝐁) as follows: let $$S^R_{p,q}({\mathbf{B}})=\{A:A^{[R]}{\in}{\mathcal{B}}(l_p,l_q)\}$$ and $G(A)={\parallel}A^{[R]}{\parallel}^{\frac{1}{M}}_{p,q}$, where $A^{[R]}=[{\parallel}a_{jk}{\parallel}^{r_{jk}}]$ and M = max{1, sup_j,k r_jk}. The existance of S^R_p,q(𝐁) equipped with the paranorm G(·) including its completeness are studied. We also provide characterizations of β -dual of the paranormed space.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.136-143
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• 2008

Infections involved with the oral and maxillofacial area are associated with various anatomical structures. If the proper treatment is not done in an immediate period, the infections will be quite fatal. The causes of the infections are numerous, but the most common cause of odontogenic infections in children is a dental caries. It is known to lead to some kinds of diseases such as periapical abscess, cellulitis, osteomyelitis, Ludwig's angina, toxic shock syndrome and so on. The common pathogenic sequence of fascial abscess is a necrotic pulpal inflammation in the form of dentoalvelor abscess which spreads over and gradually penetrates into the fascial membranes through the cortical bones and finally contracts the potential fascial spaces. If the infections of oral maxillofacial area were penetrated into the surrounding soft tissues, then they would diffuse into the directions of the least tissue resistance along with the connective tissues and the fascial spaces. These infections can be properly cured by tooth extraction, endodontic therapy, surgical treatment including Incision & drainage and antibiotics. The purpose of the cases is to report the satisfactory treatment results in the patients derived from the canine fascial space abscesss or buccal fascial space ones of the odontogenic origin.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.3
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• pp.51-66
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• 2005

With the advent of the time when the competitiveness of a nation or a city can be evaluated by the extent of cultural reception, the art exhibitions, like other genres of art, are actively held in various ways by different institutions. The spaces of exhibition offered not only by public museums and galleries but also by private galleries, alternative spaces and open-air exhibition spots are being increased. Likewise, the number of exhibitions organized on a large scale by Biennales and local governments is on the increase. In accordance with actual tendency, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism has planned to increase the number of museums and galleries up to 500 by the year of 2011. Under these circumstances, the actual situation shows that the central and local governments are adopting beneficial measures to support the private galleries such as permission of construction on green belt areas and tax deduction. That is, our society has come to realize that the necessity and importance of public as well as private galleries to play their roles as cultural and educational institution. Now, the number of galleries is growing. Exhibitions are held everywhere. Therefore, spectators have more chance to visit them than before. With these conditions and the growing number of amateurs, social interest in curator organizing exhibitions is getting popular. Because of the rise of curatorial popularity on the social level, the influence of curators which is exercised within the gallery seems to become gradually enlarged. In reality, it is true that the curatorial influence cannot be ignored more than ever for appear in various fields their new features made from their professional cometence. The function of gallery is more strengthened and its position is more heightened than those in 80s. For these reasons, the curators whose playground is the gallery, they may be regarded as invisible power to the artists. Futhermore, their influence as such seems to be more likely because our world of art does not still have any reliable system of art criticism. Nevertheless, considering the actual situation in which national and public galleries as cultural institution would rather exist on the local sentiments or political dynamics than on autonomy, there must be some restrictions for the galleries and the curators to obtain the power. In this context, the actual moment is looked upon as transitional period to make the curatorship settled down. Before discussing the power relevant to curatorship, we are going to examine first the role and function of curator and then the new curatorial role and function at the age of information. Finally, we will see in sequence the development and problems of curatorship, the power and dilemmas of curator.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.174-182
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• 2011

This study analyzed visitors' behaviors in the viewpoint of Attraction Power and Holding Power of exhibits on the basis of exhibition layout of real science museums. Through the analysis, the study grasped efficiency of analysis index and exhibition environment elements which might have an effect on planning the exhibition space of a large-scale museum and producing detailed ranges of exhibition. The main indicators used are: 1. Attraction Power: it indicates the relative incidence of people who have stopped in front of an object/exhibit during the exhibition tour. It is calculated by dividing the number of people who stop by the total number of people who have visited the museum or gallery. 2. Holding Power: it measures the average time spent in front of an information/communication element. It is calculated by dividing the average time of stay by the time "necessary" to read an element. As a result of analyzing the exhibition areas of National Science Museum (Daejeon) and National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation(Tokyo), the Holding Power was found to be relatively lower than the Attracting Power. This means that 3.5 out of 10 visitors stop in front of the exhibit in 6 exhibition areas, and among these, only 1/10 is used when compared to the user required time of the exhibits. In other words, like the method of deriving an analysis index, the stage of viewing can be categorized as Attracting Power and Holding Power, and because the stage from Attracting Power to the stage of Holding Power are strongly linked, it shows that it is not easy to display a meaningful result. Except, the general distribution of Attracting Power was shown to be high from the entrance area of the exhibition hall based on the standard of viewing sequence. Also, the Holding Power became sequentially lower according to the sequence of exhibition viewing and displayed a meaningful interrelationship with the distribution ratio of island exhibits. In the case of island exhibition method, it is less influenced by the movement flow of visitors when compared to the wall type method of exhibition and can be understood as an exhibition method that provides spatial chances enabling stopping and viewing.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2001

Edge detection is the most important process that belongs to the first step in image recognition or vision system and can determine the efficiency valuation. The edge detection with color images is very difficult. because color images have lots of information that contain not only general information representing shape, brightness and so on but also that representing colors. In this paper, we propose architecture of universalized Color Morphological Pyramids(CMP) which is able to give effective edge detection. Image pyramid architecture is a successive image sequence whose area ratio 2$\^$-1/(ι= 1, 2, . . . ,N) after filtering and subsampling of input image. In this technique, noise removed by sequential filtering and resolution is degraded by downsampling using CMP in various color spaces. After that, new level images are constructed that apply formula using distance of neighbor vectors in close level images and detection its image.