• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.169-178
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• 2022

Morphemes are most primitive units in a language that lose their original meaning when segmented into smaller parts. In Korean, a sentence is a sequence of eojeols (words) separated by spaces. Each eojeol comprises one or more morphemes. Korean morphological analysis (KMA) is to divide eojeols in a given Korean sentence into morpheme units. It also includes assigning appropriate part-of-speech(POS) tags to the resulting morphemes. KMA is one of the most important tasks in Korean natural language processing (NLP). Improving the performance of KMA is closely related to increasing performance of Korean NLP tasks. Recent research on KMA has begun to adopt the approach of machine translation (MT) models. MT is to convert a sequence (sentence) of units of one domain into a sequence (sentence) of units of another domain. Neural machine translation (NMT) stands for the approaches of MT that exploit neural network models. From a perspective of MT, KMA is to transform an input sequence of units belonging to the eojeol domain into a sequence of units in the morpheme domain. In this paper, we propose a deep learning model for KMA. The backbone of our model is based on the BERT-fused model which was shown to achieve high performance on NMT. The BERT-fused model utilizes Transformer, a representative model employed by NMT, and BERT which is a language representation model that has enabled a significant advance in NLP. The experimental results show that our model achieves 98.24 F1-Score.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.21-37
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• 1989

Environmental design pattern of the nine Small Urban Spaces at C.B.D. in City of Seoul are surveyed and analyzed for user's satisfaction and behavior under the environmental design evaluation by using Christopher Alexander's Pattern Language. Small Urban Spaces as a part of streetscape are formed by physical factors as well as visual environment and interacting user's behavior. Therefore, user's satisfaction and behavior at the nine Urban Small Spaces were investigated under the further search for some possibilities of application of those Pattern Languages. A pattern language has a structure of a network. It is used in sequence, going through the patterns, moving always from large patterns to smaller, always from the ones which create comes simply from the observation that most of the wonderful places of the city were not blade by architects but by the people. It defines the limited number of arrangements of spaces that make sense in any given culture. And it actually gives us the power to generate these coherent arrangement of space. As a results, 'Plaza', 'Seats'and 'Aecessibility' related design Patterns are highly evaluated by Pattern Frequency, Pattern Interaction and their Composition ranks, thus reconfirm Whyte's Praise of urban Small Spaces in our inner city design environments. According to the multiple regression analysis of user's evaluation, the environmental functions related to the satisfaction were 'Plaza', 'Accessibility' and 'Paving'. According to the free response, user's prefer such visually pleasing environmental design object as 'Waterscape' and 'Setting'. In addition to, the basic needs in Urban Small Spaces are amenity facilities as bench, drinking water and shade for rest.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2010

Suppression effect of the 12 bacterial isolates from plant rhizosphere against late blight caused by Phytophthora citrophthora were investigated on citrus fruits. Among the bacterial isolates, THJ609-3, TRH423-3, BRH433-2, Lyso-chit and KRY505-3 presented disease suppression after wound inoculation with the fungal pathogen in vivo. The anti-fungal activity was evaluated by measuring the length of inhibition zone of the mycelium P. citrophthora adjacent to the effective bacterial isolates in which all of the 5 bacterial isolates showed antagonistic effects. However, there was no positive correlations between the efficacy of disease suppression and the antagonistic effect. On the other hand, Lyso-chit and KRY505-3 were identified as Bacillus cereus, BRH433-2 as B. circulans and TRH423-3 as Burkholderia gladioli, respectively, by analysis of rDNA sequence on the internal transcript spaces. It is suggested that the effective bacterial isolates may be useful for finding biological control agents against late blight especially on environment-friendly farm where the application of fungicide is limited.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-47
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• 1993

This study was intended to find the characteristics of the middle school students' thinking processes and problem spaces when they solved the physics problems. Ten ninth grade students in Chon-Buk Do, Korea were participated in this study. The researcher investigated their thinking processes in solving 5 physics problems on electric circuit. "Thinking aloud" method was used as a research method. The students' thinking processes were recorded using an audio tape recorder and transfered into protocols. The protocols were analyzed by problem solving process coding system which was developed by Lee(1987) on the basis of Larkin's problem solving process model. The results are as follows : (1) On the average 2.85 items were solved among 5 test items, and only one person could solve all of the items correctly. (2) Problems were solved in sequence of understanding the problem, planning, carrying out the plan, and evaluating steps regardless of the problem difficulty. (3) In regard to the thinking process steps, there was no difference between the good solvers and the poor ones. But in the detail performance of problem solving, the former was different from the latter in respect with using the design of general solving procedure. (4) The basic problem spaces by the item analysis were divided into two classes. One was the problem space by using Qualitative approach in problem solving, and the other was one by using Quantitative approach. As novices in physics problem solving, most of the students used the problem space by using the Quantitative approach.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2014

This study is based on the arguments of Sofia Sarah and concept of 'Sequence Narrative' of Nigel Coates, the founder of Nato. Specifically, this study was conducted under the premise that narrative exhibition space will affect the engagement of viewers. As a result of this study, a method of analyzing a science museum's exhibition space was presented using the narrative structure and the following attributes of visuals: sequence of viewing; spatial tension; spatial pace. The findings are as follows. In terms of 'spatial tension', the exhibiton space with the following progression was more likely to provide viewers with in-depth experience: 'raise of tension' - 'change of pace' - detente.' Although the limited sample doesn't lead to verification of the analysis method and conclusion of its significance, the following was clearly revealed: Exhibiton space that utilizes the structure and attributes of a narrative that provides progression and dramatic tension, as if the viewers were watching a film, is more likely to offer in-depth experience than other spaces. In terms of 'phase transition', the following was revealed: Pace variation around the space with the strongest spatial tension could affect the concentration and engagement of viewers. It suggests the following fact: Spatial rhythm and speed variation in the area with the strongest visual emphasis encourage viewers to feel the spatial changes, maintain their concentration, and continue their viewing.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.160-168
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• 2013

In this paper an algorithm that represents shape sequences with moving frames parallel along the sequences are developed. According to Levi-Civita connection, it is not easy to measure the variation of the vector fields on non-Euclidean spaces without tools to parallel transport them. Thus, parallel transport of the vector fields along the shape sequences is implemented using the theories of principal frame bundle and analyzed via extensive simulation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.413-422
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• 2020

The choice of eco-friendly materials for ground improvement is a necessary way forward for sustainable development. Adapting naturally available biopolymers will render the process of soil stabilization carbon neutral. An attempt has been made to use β-glucan, a natural biopolymer for the stabilization of lean clay as a sustainable alternative with specific emphasis on comprehending the effect of confining stresses on lean clay through triaxial compression tests. A sequence of laboratory experiments was performed to examine the various physical and mechanical characteristics of β-glucan treated soil (BGTS). Micro-analysis through micrographs were used to understand the strengthening mechanism. Results of the study show that the deviatoric stress of 2% BGTS is 12 times higher than untreated soil (UTS). The micrographs from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the results of the Nitrogen-based Brunauer Emmett Teller (N₂-BET) analysis confirm the formation of new cementitious fibres and hydrogels within the soil matrix that tends to weld soil particles and reduce the pore spaces leading to an increase in strength. Hydraulic conductivity (HC) and compressibility reduced significantly with the biopolymer content and curing period. Results emphases that β-glucan is an efficient and sustainable alternative to the traditional stabilizers like cement, lime or bitumen.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.279-289
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• 2011

Let E be a uniformly convex Banach space with a uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm, C be a nonempty closed convex subset of E and f : $C{\rightarrow}C$ be a fixed bounded continuous strong pseudocontraction with the coefficient ${\alpha}{\in}(0,1)$. Let $\{{\lambda}_t\}_{0<t<1}$ be a net of positive real numbers such that ${\lim}_{t{\rightarrow}0}{\lambda}_t={\infty}$ and S = {$T(s)$ : $0{\leq}s$ < ${\infty}$} be a nonexpansive semigroup on C such that $F(S){\neq}{\emptyset}$, where F(S) denotes the set of fixed points of the semigroup. Then sequence {$x_t$} defined by $x_t=tf(x_t)+(1-t)\frac{1}{{\lambda}_t}{\int_{0}}^{{\lambda}_t}T(s)x{_t}ds$ converges strongly as $t{\rightarrow}0$ to $\bar{x}{\in}F(S)$, which solves the following variational inequality ${\langle}(f-I)\bar{x},\;p-\bar{x}{\rangle}{\leq}0$ for all $p{\in}F(S)$.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.143-146
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• 2007

Due to the expansion of cities and the increasing number of large-scale and complex public spaces, there is an increase in public signage. Moreover, the information described on these signs tends to be diverse and complicated. Complex signs that contain multiple destinations or other information must be considered to determine not only the proper size, color, etc. but also the most effective arrangement of design elements. In the previous research, the cognitive utility of complex public signs was estimated using computer simulation software. In the current research, we focused on the objective estimation of the effectiveness of the results obtained in the previous research utilizing an eye mark recording system. Two cognitive engineering experiments clarified five points for improvement in the usability of complex signs, as follows: 1) Parallel construction of characters and pictograms is more efficient. 2) Grouping elements result in rapid recognition of information chunks. 3) Visual characters and pictograms are effective, along with proper density of information. 4) Specific arrangement of sign arrows is effective. 5) Figures on signs influence the sequence of information searches.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.172-182
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• 1992

The binary classification, Yin & Yang, can be shown in our culture. Yin & Yang thinking reveals the Up/Down (Principal/Subordinate) relation in space, and Before/After relation in time, and it shows the sequence of Contrast${\to}$Reconciliation & Unification${\to}$Contrast. For example, a follower is Yin against King, while Yang as a father against his son in our trational cognitive structure. With Left/Right, Front/Rear, and Upper/Lower, In/Out division is a basic body-space term to grasp the space position. In the traditional Korean house, when we go out from the deepest 'In', Anbang to Daechung, we may call Anbang 'In' and Daechung 'Out'. When from Daechung to Anmadang reversely, we call Daechung 'In' and Anmadang 'Out'. Namely, Daechung is both 'In' and 'Out'. This is a fallacy logic in view of western basic conception. 'The In/Out Structure, system of a series of inner spaces, is defined as a transformation of cognitive structure of Yin & Yang thinking to the Korean architectural space. The space structure is one of the important deep structure in Korean society.' The concept of the space structure, apperred in east Asia, can make humane space, for it is not a physical 'type' of typepology but related to cognitive structure of human thinking, The structure is applicable to space design in modern society, for the cognitive structure exists in living culture by transformation.