• Wind and Structures
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.295-320
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• 2014

Starting from an overview on the research on thunderstorms in the last forty years, this paper provides a general discussion on some emerging issues and new frameworks for wind loading on structures in mixed climates. Omitting for sake of simplicity tropical cyclones and tornadoes, three main aspects are pointed out. The first concerns the separation and classification of different intense wind events into extra-tropical depressions, thunderstorms and gust fronts, with the aim of improving the interpretation of the phenomena of engineering interest, the probabilistic analysis of the maximum wind velocity, the determination of the wind-induced response and the safety format for structures. The second deals with the use of the response spectrum technique, not only as a potentially efficient tool for calculating the structural response to thunderstorms, but also as a mean for revisiting the whole wind-excited response in a more general and comprehensive framework. The third involves the statistical analysis of extreme wind velocities in mixed climates, pointing out some shortcomings of the approaches currently used for evaluating wind loading on structures and depicting a new scenario for a more rational scheme aiming to pursue structural safety. The paper is set in the spirit of mostly simplified analyses and mainly qualitative remarks, in order to capture the conceptual aspects of the problems dealt with and put on the table ideas open to discussion and further developments.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2024

The rise in plant-based food consumption is propelled by concerns for sustainability, personal beliefs, and a focus on healthy dietary habits. This trend, particularly in alternative meat, has attracted attention from specialized brands and eco-friendly food companies, leading to increased interest in plant-based alternatives. The dominant plant-based proteins, derived mainly from legumes, include soy protein isolates, which significantly impact sensory factors. In the realm of plant-based fats, substitutes are categorized into fat substitutes based on fats and fat mimetics based on proteins and carbohydrates. The production of these fats, utilizing gums, emulsions, gels, and additives, explores characteristics influencing the appearance, texture, flavor, and storage stability of final plant-based products. Analysis of plant-based proteins and fats in hamburger patties provides insights into manufacturing methods and raw materials used by leading alternative meat companies. However, challenges persist, such as replicating meat's marbling characteristic and addressing safety considerations in terms of potential allergy induction and nutritional supplementation. To enhance functionality and develop customized plant-based foods, it is essential to explore optimal combinations of various raw materials and develop new plant-based proteins and fat separation.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.278-285
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• 2007

Recently, plasma display panels (PDP) have become the most promising candidate in the market for large screen size flat panel displays. PDPs have many merits such as a fast display response time and wide viewing angle. However, there are still concerns about high cost because they require complex driving circuits composed of high power switching devices to generate various voltage waveforms for three operational modes of reset, scan, and sustain. Conventional PDP driving circuits use path switches for voltage separation and a scan switch to offer a scan voltage for reset and scan operations, respectively. In addition, there exist reset switches to initialize PDPs by regulating the wall charge conditions with ramp shaped pulses, which means the necessity of specific power devices for the reset operation. Because power for the plasma discharge accompanied by a large current is transferred to a panel via path switches, high power rating switches are used for path switches. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel low-cost PDP driving scheme achieved by not only eliminating path switches but also merging the function of reset switches into other switches used for sustain or scan operations. The simulated voltage waveforms of the proposed topology and experimental results implemented in a 42-inch panel to demonstrate the validity of using a new gate driver that merges the functions of power switches are presented.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.653-658
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• 2012

고농도 유기질 폐수처리를 위해 전기화학적 방법의 사용에 있어 관심이 고조되고 있다. 전기화학적 방법의 기술은 음식물폐수 및 공업적 폐수 문제를 해결하는데 이상적 처리 방법이다. 다른 화학적 처리 방법과는 다르게 전기화학적 처리장치는 2차 폐수의 부피를 증가시키지 않고 용수와 유기질 비료로 재활용한다. 전기화학적 방법은 전해부상장치를 무기화학적 약품과 병행하여 더욱 효과적으로 음식물 폐수를 처리한다. 이 연구는 2차 처리로 초음파와 오존처리로 탈색, COD와 BOD가 격감함으로 용수 및 유기질 비료로 활용하도록 실험하였다.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제28권
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• pp.135-165
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• 1995

When the unification process was established, West German librarians formed a commission for all library and information sectors. After legal unification, the committee formed 6 Arbeitsgruppe(AG) to develop library and information policies for the country. This was designed specially to elevate the level of the East German library system to the West German standard. The first AG concerns the public libraries. The second AG focuses on the education system for library and information specialists. The third AG examines the academic libraries. The fourth AG reviews the regional and national library services and the central organization. The fifth AG explores library and information techniques. The sixth and final AG inspects the legal problem of libraries. Each AG consists of specialists from both East and West German library systems who are experts in their particular subject area. The committee has general meetings to determine the best direction for the nation's library system. Common knowledge indicates this unification was based on economical amalgamation(fusion) from East Germany to West Germany. The unification resulted in the library and information recommendations tending to favor the more advanced West German policies. In this process there are a number of subtle ideological and psychological problems. If before the separation they had developed their library system as one entity, they could overcome the current differences. with much less confusion. In this political phenomenon we can learn that cultural unification needs more time than political unification.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.588-591
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• 2004

축산 폐수처리를 위해 전기화학적 방법의 사용에 있어 관심이 고조되고 있다. 전기화학적 방법의 기술은 축산폐수 및 공업적 폐수 문제를 해결하는데 이상적 처리 방법이다. 다른 화학적 처리 방법과는 다르게 전기화학적계는 2차 폐수의 부피를 증가시키지 않고 용수와 유기질 비료로 활용한다. 전기화학적 방법은 전해부상장치를 무기화학적 약품과 병행하여 더욱 효과적으로 축산폐수를 처리한다. 이 연구는 2차 처리로 초음파와 오존처리로 탈색, COD와 BOD가 격감함으로 용수 및 유기질 비료로 활용하도록 실험하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2004

웹 기반 정보 시스템의 데이타 구조 및 프리젠테이션 로직으로부터 비즈니스 프로세스 정보를 분리하는 것은 여러 가지 이점을 가져온다. 그러나 웹 애플리케이션에서 비즈니스 프로세스 로직과 프리젠테이션 로직을 분리하는 것은 쉽지 않다. 심지어는 프리젠테이션 로직으로부터 데이타가 분리되지 않는 경우도 있다. 그러므로 비즈니스 프로세스에 대한 추상적인 모델을 정의하고, 프로세스 로직, 데이타 구조 및 프리젠테이션 로직을 분리하는 전략을 이용하여 그것을 동적인 사용자 인터페이스에 매핑 시키는 작업이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 데이타 구조 및 프리젠테이션 로직으로부터 비즈니스 프로세스 정보를 분리하고자 XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations)를 확장하여 프로세스를 인식하는 스타일 쉬트를 제안한다. 이를 위하여 비즈니스 프로세스의 추상적인 명세를 제공하고, 비즈니스 모델을 프로세스 관점에서 살펴보고자 페트리네트 표기법을 이용하여 비즈니스 모델 요소 및 상호작용 활동을 추출한다. 이것은 웹 애플리케이션의 프로세스 구조로부터 상호작용 웹 문서의 동적인 부분, 즉 비즈니스 프로세스에서 사용자와 상호 작용하는 부분을 분리하기 위한 시도이다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 아키텍처의 핵심은 XSLT 컨트롤러로서 이것은 워크플로 엔진과 웹 브라우저간의 인터페이스 역할을 한다. XSLT 컨트롤러는 XSLT 템플릿을 활성화시키는 인터프리터로서 프로세스 상태를 프리젠테이션 레이어에 매핑 시킨다. 이렇게 각 부분을 모듈화 하는 것은 사용자 인터페이스를 변경하여도 프로세스나 데이타의 논리적인 표현에 영향을 미치지 않도록 하며, 레이아웃 변형 명세서와 독립적으로 프로세스 로직을 변경할 수 있도록 한다. 즉, 웹 애플리케이션을 독립적인 방법으로 개발할 수 있어 개발을 보다 용이하게 하고 유지보수가 용이해진다.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.207-234
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• 2003

이 논문에서는 조선 후기 사대부 시조에서 중요한 위치를 차지하는 황윤석 시조의 성격과 그 작품에 나타난 작가 의식을 논의했다. 사실을 제시하거나 교훈을 내리는 내용을 표현함으로써 황윤석 시조는 교술적 성격을 가지게 되었다. 사실의 중심 내용은 군주의 격려, 군주의 생일과 기일, 벼슬 제수 등 군은 관련 사항과 선산의 풍수적 빼어남, 선조의 훌륭한 행적, 가문의 아름다운 전통, 작가의 출생지, 태몽 등 집안 관련 사항들로 되어 있다. 교훈의 중심 내용은 유교 학문의 목적, 성선설의 입장, 인간 심성의 특성, 심성 수양의 방법 등 심성 수양 관련 사항과 오륜, 부부유별, 남녀유별 등 유교 실천 윤리 관련 사항들로 되어 있다. 황윤석은 시조에서 정치, 경제적으로 상승하려는 의식과 이념을 지향하는 의식을 표현했다. 정치적 참여의 기회를 부여한 군주에 대한 절대적 충성을 보이거나 치국이나 평천하의 준비를 갖춘 가문에 대한 자랑을 하는 과정에서 상승 지향적 의식을 드러냈고, 주로 유교 윤리의 철저한 실천이나 전통 성리학의 고수, 인물성동논의 주장으로 현실적 문제를 극복하고자 한데서 이념 지향 의식을 드러냈다. 정치ㆍ경제적 상승과 이념 지향적 작자 의식의 작용으로 작품은 교술적 성격을 상당 부분 가지게 되었고, 사실의 전달과 가르침의 제시라는 교술적 효과를 높이려는 과정에서 직설적 표현의 방법을 선택했다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2024

Background: There are concerns about the health effects of various environmental pollution exposures among residents living near coal-fired power plants (CFPP). Objectives: This study attempted to compare the concentrations of heavy metals in blood and urine and those of urinary volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolites according to the residential separation distance. Methods: Participants in the study totaled 334 people who have lived for more than 10 years in areas within 10 km of a CFPP. The separation distance was analyzed in quartiles by dividing it into Q1 (88 people), Q2 (89 people), Q3 (89 people), and Q4 (68 people). We explained the purpose of this study to the participants and collected blood and urine after obtaining signatures on a participation agreement. Results: The study participants were 102 males (30.5%) and 232 females (69.5%), with an average age of 71. The average length of residence and distance were 43.8 years and 4,800 meters. The geometric mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Hg in blood and As and Cd in urine were respective 1.35 ㎍/dL, 1.43 ㎍/L, 3.16 ㎍/L. They were 167.88 ㎍/g for creatinine and 1.58 ㎍/g creatinine. The metabolite concentrations of VOCs were 50.67 ㎍/g creatinine in t, t-muconic acid (t, t-MA), 10.73 ㎍/g creatinine in benzyl mercapturic acid, 317.05 ㎍/g creatinine in phenylglyoxylic acid, 123.55 ㎍/g creatinine in methylhippuric acid, and 190.82 ㎍/g creatinine in mandelic acid. The concentration of Pb in the blood and Cd and t, t-MA in the urine of residents within affected area of the CFPP showed statistically significant differences among distance groups. Conclusions: The concentration of urinary VOCs metabolites, especially t, t-MA, differed according to the distance groups of residents within the affected area of CFPP (p<0.05).

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.282-297
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• 1996

The effective construction for ready-made clothes is one of the central concerns of both consumers and manufactuers in today's apparel industry. In order to reduce the burden of stocks and increase clothing fitness, systematic information on typical body sizes and somatotypes is essential. The purpose of this study i-: to provide basic data on young women's somatotypes for form designers and pattern makers. The subjects of the survey were 310 women of 18 to 26 years old. The study collected 84 anthropometric data for each Person. The data was analyzed by using of the multivariate method. The factor analysis was utilized in regard to the 65 items obtained from anthropometric measurement respectively. The principal component analysis was applied to the data with orthogonal rotation after extraction. The factor scores used in the factor analysis became the basis of determining the value of each variable of the cluster analysis. The cluster analysis was applied for identifying typical somatotypes. Ward's minimum variance method was applied for the purpose of extracting distance metrix by the standardized Euclidean distance. The element forming each cluster can be subdivided into several sets by crosstabulation which is obtained by the fastclus of the SAS. This research has demonstrated 3 distinctive types of silhouette contour of the trunk. Incidentally it also identified 4 of the lower body from the waistline to thigh contour respectively. The discriminant analysis showed that the most significant discriminant factor of the trunk classification were side neck point -1 scapular -1 waistiline length and waist girth. In Korea, the average somatotype of female college students tends to be tall, slim and straight. Reviewing the relationship between the classifications of three parts of body, they are related to each other to some extent but their distribution are not constant. Therefore, in view of clothing construction, a proper separation of the body surface is a necessity.