• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제43권3호
• /
• pp.1-32
• /
• 2021

With CB data in South Korea, this study examines whether the credit risk of borrowers changes when the regulation on bank mortgage supply is relaxed. We analyze the effect of deregulation on LTV and DTI limits in the Seoul-metropolitan area in August 2014 with a difference-in-difference approach. We find that the probability of delinquency is lower in the Seoul metropolitan area after the deregulation than in other urban areas. The effect is noticeable among low-income and low-credit borrowers. We also find that borrowers change their debt structure to reduce the interest costs utilizing their improved access to bank mortgages. The findings suggest the necessity to consider the burden of the high interest costs of unsecured loans for debtors with low incomes and low credit ratings in designing housing finance regulations.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제28권1D호
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 2008

최근 들어 시설투자를 통하여 대중교통중심의 교통체계로 전환을 시도하는 지방자치단체가 점차 늘어나고 있다. 그러나 장기적으로 지속적인 대중교통수송분담율의 제고를 위하여 대중교통 역세권의 토지이용체계를 대중교통중심으로 전환하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구의 목적은 도시공간구조를 고려하여 서울 수도권 지하철 역세권에 대하여 역 주변에 거주하는 잠재적 이용자를 최대한 수용할 수 있도록 역세권의 공간범위를 설정하는 방안을 모색하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 2002년 서울시에서 수행한 가구통행실태조사의 통행자료를 이용하여 지하철통행시간과 보행접근시간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과 역세권의 공간적 범위를 결정하는 보행접근시간은 지하철통행시간과 밀접한 관계를 가지나 공간적 위계에 따라 다르다는 것을 발견하였고, 지하철통근자의 개인속성도 공간구조적 특성과 함께 보행접근시간에 차별적으로 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 대중교통중심의 개발정책에 반영할 경우 지하철의 안정적인 이용률 제고에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.249-260
• /
• 2002

서울과 같은 대도시의 농경지는 인간의 간섭이 끊임없이 이루어지는 준자연지역으로 생산성보다는 도시의 생물다양성보존 및 경관다양성을 통한 일반시민의 자연체험이라는 측면에서 관리.보호될 필요가 있다. 그러나 도시지역의 농경지는 개발용지로 토지이용이 전환되어 급속히 감소하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울시를 대상으로 농경지 패취의 시간변화에 따른 토지이용변화를 살펴보고 서울시 비오톱유형도에 근거한 농경지 패취를 분석하여 서울지역 농경지의 경관생태학적 구조와 특성을 파악하고, 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 생물다양성 증진을 위한 농경지 관리모델을 구상하는데 그 목적이 있다.

• 한국경제지리학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.38-52
• /
• 2024

산업생산 전반의 생산성 향상에 기여하는 디지털전환 산업과 함께 탄소중립 및 지속가능 성장을 위한 스마트그린 산업이 미래산업으로 성장하고 있다. 이 논문은 스마트그린 산업의 성장 동인과 입지패턴 변화 분석을 통해 미래산업 혁신생태계에서의 동 산업의 위상 및 역할 모색을 연구목적으로 한다. 동 산업은 수도권과 비수도권 모든 지역에서 증가세를 보이며, 비수도권 비도시 지역에서도 뚜렷한 산업 성장세를 확인할 수 있다. 특히, 스마트 그린 산단 시범사업, 광주전남 혁신도시 조성, 신재생에너지 정책 추진 등으로 호남권 및 충남 해안지역의 핵심 집적지(HH형) 부상, 경상권 지역에 고립 중심지(HL형) 형성 등 비수도권 지역에서 신재생에너지 생산기업의 집적이 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 스마트그린 산업은 정책적 요인이 성장 촉발 요인이며, 다극형 허브(Hub)-스포크(Spoke) 네트워크 구조를 형성하는 미래산업 혁신생태계에서 비도시지역의 다양한 특성화 소거점(Spoke) 형성을 촉진할 것으로 기대된다.

• 농촌계획
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.61-75
• /
• 2010

Daily living area can be delimited differently depending on what area is to be focused. Based on regional interaction, the present study empirically analyzed the difference between living areas focusing on rural area and ones relying on urban area. We established two types of living areas in Busan-Ulsan mega city with different focus areas (rural versus urban), using travel OD data (2006). According to the result, the fonn of spatial clusters in urban living area differed from that of spatial clusters in rural area; the boundaries of living area were not fit to those of administrative areas in both types; and living areas in both types tended to extend over more than two administrative areas. The results cast some implications concerning spatial planning and policy for living area delimitation. First, since the spatial structure and interconnection of urban area differs to those of rural area, it is required to delimit living areas discriminatively depending on the objectives of the spatial plan. Additionally, the living area should be established more specifically and systematically by further subdividing the form of spaces depending on the objectives and types of the plan. Second, the administrative areas should be consolidated now that the difference of boundaries of administrative and living areas lead to inconvenience of residents, increased administration costs and scale diseconomy. Lastly, the living areas should be delimited by the metropolitan or mega city planning and thus be reflected to its offsprings.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.94-106
• /
• 2008

As populations inhabiting in natural ecosystem are fragmented by artificial barriers and habitats are destructed by development, extinction possibility of species is getting higher. It is necessary to design and to manage conservation areas and corridors considering animals' movement and migration for sustainable species diversity in present circumstances. 'Least-cost modeling' is one commonly employed approach in which dispersal costs are assigned to distinct habitat types and the last-costly dispersal paths among habitat patches are calculated using a geographical information system (GIS). This study aims to design ecological corridor using least-cost path method and to apply it to a regional ecological network considering movability of medium-large size mammals. This study was carried out over the metropolitan area, which has been deforested by rapid urbanization. Nevertheless there is connected with Gangwon province, Baekdudaegan mountain range and DMZ, considered where many forest species can migrate to this region. This study employs such an approach to develop least-cost path models for medium-large size mammals, have inhabited for this entire region. Considering those species, two forest areas as a source of species supply and forest areas more than 1,000ha are selected as focal forest areas. Movement and migration paths from species supply sources to focal forest areas are calculated by applying landscape permeability theory using land cover map, road density map and land slope map. Results showed least-cost paths from species supply sources to focal forest areas on two species. Wildcat and roe deer are different in some least-cost paths caused by their landscape permeability but paths show generally same specifics. The result of considering regional distribution of expected movement and migration paths to regional ecological network, low altitude mountains of western metropolitan area are evaluated important area for species connectivity. In national or regional levels ecological connectivity is essential to promote species diversity and to preserve integrated ecosystem. This study concludes that developing least-cost models from similar empirical data could significantly improve the utility of these tools.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2005

서울시 통합대중교통체계개편에 의한 준공영제 및 거리비례오금제의 시행으로 대중교통 수입금정산문제가 한국철도공사, 서울지하철공사, 서울특별시도시철도공사, 인천지하철공사의 기존도시철도운영기관의 수입금 배분 문제가 내재된 상태에서 버스와 도시철도의 수단간 배분문제까지 포함하는 복잡한 문제로 전개되었다. 또한 추가로 계획되고 있는 민자노선, 지자체의 경전철 도입계획으로 향후 대중교통수입금 정산은 보다 다양한 운영기관 및 지역의 협상문제로서 매우 복잡하게 전개될 것으로 예상되고 있다. 본 연구는 대중교통운영기관의 수입금 배정의 기본접근모형을 제시하는 것으로, 운영기관이 통합대중교통망에서의 승객수송에 기여한 정도를 파악하는 것을 핵심으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 향후 전자지불시스템이 완비되었을 상황을 가정하여 이때에서 환승구간 때문에 승객의 통행행태가 파악되지 않는 수도권 도시철도로 한정하여 역간의 (복수의) 통행경로를 파악하고 수요를 배정하여 운영기관의 인-Km등의 기여도를 계산하는 방안을 제안하다. 본 연구의 주요내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 도시철도의 승객의 환승행태를 반영한 일반화 비용. 2. 역간 유사경로결정을 위한 K경로알고리즘. 3. 유사경로에 수요배정모형.

• 한국환경생물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경생물학회 2003년도 학술대회
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2003

In order to prepare a basis for ecological restoration of the Seoul Metropolitan area, ecological diagnoses on soil physico-chemical properties and vegetation structure were carried out. Land use patterns, actual vegetation, and biotope patterns were also investigated based on aerial photograph interpretation and field checks. I formulated landscape elements overlaying those data and evaluated the ecological value of each element. Soil pollution was evaluated by analyzing soil samples collected in each grid on the mesh map, divided by 2km $\times$ 2km intervals. Soil samples were collected in forests or grasslands escaped from direct human interference. Soil pollution evaluated from pH, and SO$_4$, Ca, Mg, and Al contents of soil was more severe in the urban outskirts than in the urban center. Those soil environmental factors showed significant correlation with each other. Vegetation in the urban area was different in species composition from that in suburban areas and showed lower diversity compared with that in the suburban areas. Successional process investigated by population structure of major species also showed a difference. That is, successional trend was normal in suburban areas, but that in urban areas showed a retrogressive pattern. The landscape ecological map of Seoul indicates that the urban center lacks vegetation and greenery space is restricted in urban outskirts. Such an uneven distribution of vegetation has caused a specific urban climate and thereby contributed to aggravation of air and soil pollution, furthermore causing vegetation decline. From this result, it was estimated that such uneven distribution of vegetation functioned as a trigger factor to deteriorate the urban environment. I suggested, therefore, a restoration plan based on landscape ecological principles, which emphasizes connectivity and even distribution of green areas throughout the whole area of the Seoul to solve this complex environmental problem. In this restoration plan, first of all, I decided the priority order for connection of the fragmented greenery spaces based on the distances from the core reserves comprised of green belt and rivers, which play roles as habitats of wildlife as well as for improvement of urban environment. Next, I prepared methods to restore each landscape element included in the paths of green network to be constructed in the future on the bases of such preferential order. Rivers and roads, which hold good connectivity, were chosen as elements to play important roles in constructing green network by linking the fragmented greenery spaces.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.335-346
• /
• 2007

This study is aiming at improving the Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map(ECVAM) of National Land in Korea. The ECVAM items are composed of legal and environmental/ecological assessments. A popular method applied to ECVAM is an overlay environmental/ecological assessment items. The purpose of this study is to offer complementary items of the ECVAM by examining assessment items. In this study we assessed the ECVAM by five methods. Method 1 is Grade 1 areas of each administrative district; Method 2 is comparing overlapped areas of each assessment items Grade 1, 2 and permission of each assessment items duplication; Method 3 is Grade 1, 2 areas by only singular assessment items; Method 4 is Grade 1 areas only of Method 2; and Method 5 is Grade 2 areas only of Method 2. Method 1 showed Seoul and other metropolitan cities revealed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the legal assessment items. Gang won-Do, showed a large proportion of Grade I regions by the environmental/ecological assessment item. Method 2 showed 93.4% of diameter Grade II(standard for stability); forest diameter item accounted for 99.9% by Method 3, Method 4 showed 95.7% of forest diameter, and forest density accounted for 66.4% by Method 5. This study contributes to reduce the complexity in the process of manufacturing ECVAM of National Land, and to raise the flexibility in the process of managing and updating this map.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.41-55
• /
• 2022

Social interest in the fine particulate matter has increased significantly since the 2010s, and various efforts have been made to reduce it through environmental plans and policies. To support such environmental planning, in this study, spatial cluster characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations were analyzed in the metropolitan area to identify high-risk areas spatially, and the correlation with local environmental characteristics was also confirmed. The PM2.5 concentration for the recent 5 years (2016-2020) was targeted, and representative spatial statistical methods Getis-Ord Gi^* and Local Moran's I were applied. As a result of the analysis, the cluster form was different in Getis-Ord Gi^* and Local Moran's I, but they show high similarity in direction, therefore complementary results could be obtained. In the high concentration period, the hotspot concentration of the Getis-Ord Gi* method increased, but in Local Moran's I, the HH region, the high concentration cluster, showed a decreasing trend. Hotspots of the Getis-Ord Gi^* technique were prominent in the Pyeongtaek-Hwaseong and Yeoju-Icheon regions, and the HH cluster of Local Moran's I was located in the southwest, and the LL cluster was located in the northeast. As in the case of the metropolitan area, in the results of Seoul, there was a phenomenon of division between the northeast and southwest regions. The PM2.5 concentration showed a high correlation with the elevation, vegetation greenness and the industrial area ratio. During the high concentration period, the relation with vegetation greenness increased, and the elevation and industrial area ratio increased in the case of the annual average. This suggests that the function of vegetation can be maximized at a high concentration period, and the influence of topography and industrial areas is large on average. This characteristic was also confirmed in the basic statistics for each major cluster. The spatial clustering characteristics of PM2.5 can be considered in the national land and environmental plan at the metropolitan level. In particular, it will be effective to utilize the clustering characteristics based on the annual average concentration, which contributes to domestic emissions.