• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.371-380
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• 1994

To determine the patterns and the levels of expression of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 35S) promoter and the rice actin 1 (Act1) promoter in rice, transgenic rice plants containing CaMV 35S-$\beta$-glucuronidase (GUS) and Act1-GUS constructs were generated and examined by fluorometric and histochemical analyses. The fluorometric analysis of stably transformed calluses showed that the activity of the rice Act1 promoter was stronger than that of the CaMV 35S promoter in rice cells. In a histochemcial study of the transgenic rices, it was shown that the GUS activity directed by the CaMV 35S promoter was localized mainly in parenchymal cells of vascular tissues of leaves and roots and mesophyll cells of leaves. These results are similar to those of potato, a dicot plant. In contrast, rice plant transformed with Act1-GUS fusion construct revealed strong GUS activity in parenchymal cells of vascular tissue, mesophyll cells, epidermal cells, bulliform cells, guard subsidiary cells of leaves and most cells of the root, suggesting that the rice Act1 promoter is more constitutive than the CaMV 35S promoter. It was also confirmed that in both types of transgenic rice little or no staining was localized in metaxylen tracheary elements of vascular tissue from leaves or roots. These results indicate that the rice Act1 promoter can be utilized more successfully for expression of a variety of foreign gene in rice than the CaMV 35S promoter.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.97-100
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• 2014

This study was performed in Korea to get serological information for bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), most commonly found in cattle. Antibodies against BoHV-1 were examined by targeting infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) in unvaccinated and vaccinated cattle, using viral neutralization (VN) test. In 2013, among 261 sera collected from IBR-unvaccinated herds, 7 sera (2.7%) were found seropositive and their VN titers were ranging from 1:4 to 1:32. Among 315 sera collected from IBR-vaccinated herds in large capacity farms, 303 sera (96.2%) were found to be seropositive for BoHV-1 and their VN titers were in the range of 1:4 to 1:2048. It was found that the IBR-vaccinated herds had higher levels of VN titer than IBR-unvaccinated herds. The results indicated that it may be due to heavy vaccination in vaccinated herds and no or a little infection in unvaccinated herds. At the end of the study it was concluded that although the seropositivity in IBR-unvaccinated herds was low, the monitoring of IBR should be continuously practiced to control and prevent the disease because of exportation of living cattle causing its nationwide outbreaks.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.265-276
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• 1986

The bovine serum factor influencing the growth of swine testicle (ST) cell and the END effect of hog cholera SN test was studied. Throughout the experimental studies. following results were obtained and summarized. 1. Bovine whole serum of 16(76.2%) and 4(19.0%) samples out of 21 have shown a positive ST cell growth and the END effect, respectively. However, all of 21(100%) and 8(38.1%) samples out of 21 serum supernatant fractions, prepared from the bovine whole serum, have shown positive ST cell growth and END effect, respectively. 2. In the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the bovine whole serum and the supernatant fractions, ST cell growth inhibiting factor was proved present in globulin fraction and in whole gel plate as a diffusible component. 3. The END ineffective component present in the whole serum and its supernatant fraction was proved to be BVDV neutralizing antibody. 4. The difference of osmolarity, optical density, pH, degree of precipitant formation following heat cold treatment, A/G ratio as we11 as electrophoretic pattern and NDV SN index of the samples were not correlated to the degree of 57 cell growth and to the END effectiveness.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.164-170
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• 2014

Influenza causes acute respiratory infections and various complications. Children in the high-risk group have higher complication and hospitalization rates than high-risk elderly individuals. Influenza prevention in children is important, as they can be a source infection spread in their communities. Influenza vaccination is strongly recommended for high-risk children with chronic underlying circulatory and respiratory disease, immature infants, and children receiving long-term immunosuppressant treatment or aspirin. However, vaccination rates in these children are low because of concerns regarding the exacerbation of underlying diseases and vaccine efficacy. To address these concerns, many clinical studies on children with underlying respiratory diseases have been conducted since the 1970s. Most of these reported no differences in immunogenicity or adverse reactions between healthy children and those with underlying respiratory diseases and no adverse effects of the influenza vaccine on the disease course. Further to these studies, the inactivated split-virus influenza vaccine is recommended for children with underlying respiratory disease, in many countries. However, the live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is not recommended for children younger than 5 years with asthma or recurrent wheezing. Influenza vaccination is contraindicated in patients with severe allergies to egg, chicken, or feathers, because egg-cultivated influenza vaccines may contain ovalbumin. There has been no recent report of serious adverse events after influenza vaccination in children with egg allergy. However, many experts recommend the trivalent influenza vaccine for patients with severe egg allergy, with close observation for 30 minutes after vaccination. LAIV is still not recommended for patients with asthma or egg allergy.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.255-265
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• 2011

Purpose: The study investigated the knowledge and actual condition of sexuallytransmitted diseases(STD) in Mongoloian. Method: Data from 210 Mongolians were collected for 6days from August 10-15, 2008 using a questionnaire translated by Mongolians to identify the knowledge of STD and with permission, analysis of blood and human immuno deficiency virus(HIV) by SD Bioline Syphilis 3.2 test and SD Bioline HIV-1/2 3.0 test respectively. The data was scored by mean ${\pm}$ standard deviation. Differences were evaluated according to the subjects' general characteristics by t-test and the ANOVA. Results: The average knowledge score concerning STD 48.99(${\pm}.19$) indicated a low level of knowledge. STD was detected in six(2.9%) and HIV was four(1.9%) of the 210 subjects. General characteristics significantly different knowledge level were gender(t=-3.098, p=.002), education(F=6.090, p=.003), type of employment(F=2.443, p=.049), and sexual education experience(F=5.604, p=.004). Conclusion: Education programs to increase STD awareness and its prevention must be developed and regular health evaluations for those already have sexual transmitted disease is needed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.8
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• pp.7-9
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• 1969

거의 모든 국가에서 생산된 씨감자는 감자바이러스 이병율을 검사해서 합격품만을 농민에 분배하고 있다. 우리나라는 딴 씨감자 생산국과는 사정이 달라 고령지에서 씨감자를 생산하고 있는 관계로 감자밭의 필수는 전국적으로 막대한 수에 달한다. 우리나라에서의 감자바이러스 김정은 원원종에 한하고 있으나 농민에 분배되는 씨감자도 바이러스 검정을해서 합격품만을 나누어주어야 국가의 체면이 서겠다. 그러나 현재의 시설로는 이를 감당 할 수 없어 이에 대치 될 만한 실제적 방법의 하나로 매개진딧물 밀도와 감자바이러스 이병율간의 상관관계를 밝혀 번잡한 바이러스 검정법 대신 매개진딧물의 공중밀도를 조사하여 해지점의 감자바이러스 이병율을 추산 할 목적으로 본 시험에 착수하였다. 본 보고에서는 진딧물조사 결과만을 발표하고 18개소에서 행한 포장시험결과는 1970년에 행할 바이러스 검정을 마치면 종합결과를 발표 할 예정이다. 표 1에서와 같이 서해안, 내륙, 및 대관령에서의 매개진딧물과 일반진딧물의 수는 각각 8/31, 179/680 및 50/237이었으며 필자가 행한 1967, 1968년의 조사성적을 뒷받침하는 결과를 얻었다. 이에 필자는 씨감자 부족량 약 60,000톤의 조속한 충족을 위해 씨감자의 증식 단계에서는 서해안 일모작 답을 환용 할 것을 다시 한번 강조하는 바이다.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.289-293
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• 2000

The way society works in the 21st century differs from that of 20th century, since the people are brought-up to speed regarding current technologies. The www.aflos.pe.kr site and direct e-mailing system were very useful in delivering floricultural information to extension educators, producers, and variety of individuals. The author’s one year experience indicated that extension educators and farmers are receptive to internet technologies, and extension educators have increased the knowledge base of their clientele by responding through direct e-mails. The internet and direct e-mailing systems were popular and powerful way of transferring floricultural information, especially agricultural extension manpower were limited because of localization of extension educators by changing national status to local governments and decreased number of extension educators through government restructuring. The direct e-mailing to approximately 503 individuals resulted about $1{\sim}3%$ responses and the number of phone calls, however virus protection software for e-mail, internet, file servers and desktops to provide the integrated real-time detection of viruses were needed. For more effective operation of direct e-mailing in the future, more specified target groups and specialized organization such as perennials, bulbs, flowering potted plants. and cut flowers. At the same time, things that have worked for last century should not be replaced with new technology, specifically, the value in one-on-one meetings should not be replaced, but rather serve as a supplement.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2010

The crude ethanol extract of B. repanda showed the cytotoxic activity against Polio virus (25% activity at $150{\mu}g$/disk) and the minor cytotoxic activity against BSC cells (African green monkey kidney). However, the crude ethanol extract of B. repanda was non-toxic to murine leukaemia cells CCL 46 P388D1 ($IC_{50}$, > 62,500 ng/ml). Cytotoxic and antifungal activities were strongly shown by Fr. 64-3 which was eluted with 90% $CH_3CN/H_2O$, 100% $CH_3CN$, and 50% $CH_3CN/H_2O$(SM 2 at $150{\mu}g$/disk). The fraction 64-3 also showed the most cytotoxic activity against murine leukaemia cells (128 mg, $IC_{50}$ 10,051 ng/ml at $75{\mu}g$/disk). These results suggest that this fraction has a potent antifungal activity against the dermatophytic fungus Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 28185.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.21.1-21.6
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• 2021

In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of previously unreported Y280-lineage H9N2 viruses from two live bird markets in Korea in June 2020. Genetic analysis revealed that they were distinct from previous H9N2 viruses circulating in Korea and had highest homology to A/chicken/Shandong/1844/2019(H9N2) viruses. Their genetic constellation showed they belonged to genotype S, which is the predominant genotype in China since 2010, where genotype S viruses have infected humans and acted as internal gene donors to H5 and H7 zoonotic influenza viruses. Active surveillance and control measures need to be enhanced to protect the poultry industry and public health.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.370-375
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• 2021

Objectives: The number of cases of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections has sharply increased in Korea, especially among young adults. In this study, an HAV outbreak in a facility for disabled people was investigated, and we found epidemiological differences both between 2 different generations and between generally abled and disabled groups. Methods: We analyzed the incubation period and attack rate of an HAV outbreak and investigated the prevalence of HAV antibodies among the staff and residents of a facility for the disabled. We performed a retrospective cohort study during the HAV outbreak, which lasted from February 8 to 25, 2019, including examinations of HAV antibody tests and post-exposure HAV vaccination for the staff or residents of the facility. Results: There were 9 confirmed cases in 2 staff members and 7 residents. Among 53 people (30 staff and 23 residents), except for the 9 confirmed cases and 1 staff member with a known history of HAV infection, HAV seroprevalence was seen in 16.7% of the staff under 40 years of age and 95.2% of those over 40 years of age, while the corresponding rates in the residents were 0.0% and 58.8%, respectively. Conclusions: This result implies that it is necessary to prioritize HAV vaccination for vulnerable groups and workers of residential care facilities.