• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.3-13
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• 1990

First ot of all, under given condition such as bit gage of 36mm Drill bit with right class of jack-leg-experimental test carried out from two face of Bench, firing of each hole brought 90 degree Angle face and them measured length of Burden and charged ammount of powder as following. $ca=\frac{A}{SW}$ A=Activated Area A=nd i=m S=Peripheral length of charged, room Ca=Rock Coeffiecency d: di=Hole diameter When constructed subway of Seoul in 1980 the blasting works increased complaint of ground vibration, in order to prevent the damage to structures. Some empirical equations were made as follows on condition with Jackleg Drill (Bit Gage 36mm) and within 30 meter distance between blasting site and structures. $V=K(D/W)^{-n}$ N=1.60 - 1.78 K= 48 - 138 Project is one of contineous works to above a determination of empirical equation on the cautious blasting vibration with Crawler Drill (70-75mm) in long distance. $V=41(D/\sqrt[3]{W})^{-1.41}$ $30m\le{D}\le{100m}$ $V=124(D/\sqrt[3]{W})^{-1.66}$ $100m\le{D}\le{285m}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.22-33
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of lifestyle and clothing behavior of high school girls according to their residential area. The focus group interview was executed with 29 high school students and picture analysis was carried with 400 pictures of their outfits on weekends. The results show that they borrow their clothing one another taking turns, and there has lesibean dress code in common regardless of residential area. Students residing in Seoul wear brand products, and buy at department store, discount store and the stores in Myongdong or Sinchon, while students residing in Inchon wear Bose products, and buy at the stores in subway. Most of adolescents wear easy casual, and those of Inchon sometimes wear formal with high heel and young character casual, and often wear make up and get hair permanant/dyeing.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 1991

This study is concerned with the disasters that occure in the field of industrial explosives and analyzed by two side the disaster of the manufacturing factory and that of the field, and is studied about the safety and the countermeasure. The industrial explosives accidents occure just accidentaly and unforeseeable, and reappearance experiments are more difficult. The 3E of J.H. Harvey was applied in this study to establish the counter measure of preventation of accidents, overcoming these restricted factores. As a method of technical safety countermeasures. The blasting vibration formula which had been conformed from the Seoul Subway Construction work during 1980-1984 year, was uilized, and, using the formula $V=Kw^{0.5}D^{-1.5}$ for the gneiss which is widely distributed in Pusan area, an index of the minimum and maximum amount of gun powder, to be used according to safety distance was made, and it helped the gun powder managing technician's practical business. During the fore work discharging, the safety distances of felling were theoretically established based on the writer ${\diagdown}s$ experiences of more than 10 years on this field.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.243-248
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• 2008

Seoul subway is an safety, quick, and clean public transportation to secure citizens safety. One of the most important elements of train is optimizing railroad function and need to conform railroad inspection for function maintenance. Railroad is the most biggest part of the railroad facility and it is a structure which requires sustainable maintenance. The purpose of study is to improve domestic metropolitan railroad facility inspection method and period. For this, we refer documents about present roving method, roving members and period of railroad roving. In addition, analyzed problems of railroad roving investigation method and period by examining the type and standards of railroad investigation and interviewing experts. By this, we analyzed improving plan and expectations of railroad maintenance and repair operation.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.149-160
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• 2001

In this paper, the stability analyses were performed for masonry retaining wallls in Seoul subway System. This masonry retaining wallls were reinforced with earth anchor system for the construction, but it was removed after construction. Therefore, the stability of masonry retaining wallls should be checked after the earth anchors removed. For stability analysis of masonry retaining wallls. FDM analysis(FLAC Ver.3.3) and slope stability analysis (SLOPE/W) were performed applying the test results from laboratory and field tests(Schmidt hammer test, cack examination). As conclusion, the tension force of earth anchors should be kept, therefore, substitutional method was required in order to keep the tension force of earth anchor system.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1193-1198
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• 2004

This paper describes the lightning protection system for railway signaling equipments installed at subway car depots in Seoul metropolitan Rapid Transit Cooperation. Several measures for improving lightning protection performance are adopted; newly organized grounding system for neutral line of power system, rolling method to minimize damages induced by direct lightning strike, new measures to reduce voltage differences between the signaling equipments and the ground, and improvement of grounding system. The proposed system has greatly reduced the grounding resistance and also the voltage difference between the signaling equipments and the ground, and has prevented the accident related with lightning surges since it was installed. The proposed approach can be viewed as a useful alternative of dealing with lightning protection for railway signaling equipments.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.76-88
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• 1993

환경은 한 사회를 다루는 지엽적인 문제가 아닌 생존을 위한 생태학적 장임과 동시에 모든 학문연 구의 기초를 이루고 있는 토대이기도 하다. 그러나 환경에 대한 디자인의 현재의 접근방법은 밖으로 표출되는 단편적인 부분으로써의 개체를 볼 뿐 생물유기체와 환경을 형성하는 인간과 물질, 또는 인 간과 인간의 관계성과 유기체론적 접근에 대한 고민과 문제해결 위한 노력이 등한시 되어왔다. 이에 본 논고는 디자인계획 대항으로써 뿐만 아니라 인간이 영위하며 문화를 형성해 나가 총체성의 분야로 써의 환경을 어떻게 이해할 것인가와 색채적용의 문제에 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이것은 또한 앞으로의 디자인이 한개인의 추관적 가치평가에 따른 조형적 표현이 아닌 인간의 행태-환경개념으로써의 학문적 접근인 종합과학적 접근(inter-disciplinary approach)으로 나아가야 함을 제시하는 것이다.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.257-262
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• 2003

Now, the population and economical power is deeply concentrated to Seoul-metropolitan region, therefoere the provinces is so lagging behind and the country cannot get balance development. And, like metropolitan region, the more outer the living area of local wide-area city is spreading, the more serious wide-region transportation problems are. But the railroads near wide-area city fun seldom commuter train, so they cannot absorb the transportation demand of wide-area city metropolitan region. To solve above transportation problem, local wide- area cities try to make a subway or a light rail transit. But it is so difficult because the limit of public finance and original small capacity of light rail. In the paper, I propose 'Local city wide-area electric railways' system of the consortium of 'Local wide-city and province transportation union', Korean National Railroad (KNR) and local capital. A 'Local wide-city and province transportation union' operates commuter railways directly using the facilities of KNR, and local capital invests to the stations of above railways system. Therefore the commuter railway system around local wide-city region will be constructed quickly and the stations will be the strong point of local development and investment.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.119-124
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• 2005

Decision of operation performance mode to minimize the energy consumption of urban rail vehicle. This paper analyses how much acceleration and deceleration of urban rail vehicle should be applied andhow to choose an operation mode to minimize energy consumption when train runs between station within the fixed operation time. The decided operation pattern satisfying the minimum energy consumption becomes a target trajectory and a basis for the controller design criteria. To make this goal it grasps the characteristics of urban rail vehicle, realize operation energy model of urban rail vehicle and verify the accuracy of embodied model the Matlab simulation with the same operation result of real route. It searches for operation pattern to minimize operation energy by changing the acceleration and deceleration on the imaginative route and proposes operation pattern minimizing energy consumption by applying real operation data between Dolgogee-Sukgye section of Seoul Metropolitan Subway Line 6.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.170-175
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• 2005

In this study, experimental and theoretical methods were applied to understand brake squeal noise VVVF rolling stock on tracks. Trailer cars needed to payed a particular attention, because they were the major source of brake noise. VVVF rolling stocks for lines no 1 of the subway system in Seoul were used for experimental analyses. In order to study brake squeal noise, a dynamometer test at the S&T Brake, Co., which was a manufacturer of brake pads had performed. For measuring vibration and noise, vibration tests of brake parts (brake lining, brake lining head, back plates, etc.) at the SNUT were executed. Also, vibration tests of disc assembly and lining block at the heavy maintenance shop of the Gunja depot were performed. The modal analyses by using an ANSYS which was one of the CAE commercial program were simulated to know the relationship to the mechanism of brake noise. On the based of the tests and the simulations it was found that specific frequencies of the brake parts affected squeal noise, and improvements for reducing squeal noise were proposed.