• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.189-200
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• 2000

The purpose of this thesis is that the students understand the sentence stated math problems closely related to the real life and adapted the right solving strategies try to find the solution to a problem. The following research problem were proposed. 1. How repeated thinking lessons develop the understanding of problems and influence the usage of correct problem solving strategies and extensions of problem solving. 2. There are how much differences of achievement for each type of sentence stated problems by using comparative analysis of upper class, intermediate class, and lower class for each level between the experimental and comparative classes. In order to conduct this research the classes were divided into three different level - upper class, intermediate class and lower class. Each level include an experimental class and a comparative class. The two classes (experimental class and comparative class) of the same level were tested on the basis of class division record with the experimental class repeated learning papers for two weeks were used to guide the fixed thinking algorism for each sentence stated math problems. Eight common problems were chosen from a variety of textbooks : number calculation problems, velocity-distance-time problems, the density of a mixture, benefit problems, distribution problems, problems about working, ratio problems, the length of a figure problems. After conducting this research experiment The differences in achievement level between the experimental class and comparative class, were compared and analyzed through achievement tests made from the achievement test papers with seven problems, which were worth seventy points (total score). The conclusions of this thesis are as follows: Firstly, leaning activities through the usage of repeated learning papers for each level class produce an even development of achievement level especially in the case of the upper class learners, they have particular differences (between experimental class and comparative class) compared to the intermediate level and lower classes. Secondly, according to the analysis about achievement development each problems, learners easily accept the strategies of solution through the formula setting up to the problem of velocity -distance-time, and to the density of the mixture they adapted the picture drawing strategies interestingly, However each situation requires a variety of appropriate solution strategies. Teachers will have to employ other interesting solution strategies which relate to real life.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the acoustic characteristics of Korean alveolar sibilant sounds of children with cerebral palsy by acoustic analysis. Thirteen children with spastic cerebral palsy aging from 6 to 10 years old, were selected by an articulation test, and compared with a control group of thirty children. The meaningless monosyllable CV, disyllable VCV(/asa/) and frame sentence including target syllables CV were measured. C was from the /s, s'/, and V was from the set /a, i, u, ${\varepsilon}$, o, ɯ, ʌ/. Multi-Speech was used for data recording and analysis. As a result, the frication duration of lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly shorter than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The vowel duration in the following lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant of children with cerebral palsy was significantly longer than that of the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. The children with cerebral palsy showed frequency and intensity of friction intervals which were significantly lower than in the control group in CV, VCV and frame sentence. In the comparison of the lenis-glottalized alveolar sibilant by the children with cerebral palsy group's phonation types, the frication duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, VCV and between the phonetic contexts. The glottalized-sibilant was longer than the lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. The subsequent vowel duration showed a significant difference between the phonation types in VCV and between the phonetic contexts(p<.05). The vowel duration in the following glottalized-sibilant was longer than the vowel duration in the following lenis-sibilant in all the phonetic contexts. In the frequency there was a significant difference between the phonation types in CV, and in the intensity there was a significant difference between the phonation type in CV and VCV. The children with spastic cerebral palsy had difficulty in articulating the alveolar sibilant due to poor control ability in laryngeal, respiration and articulatory movements which require fine motor coordination. This study quantitatively analyzes the acoustic parameters of the alveolar sibilant in various phonetic contexts. Therefore, the results are expected to help provide fundamental data for an intervention of articulation treatment for children with cerebral palsy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.370-382
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• 2002

This paper puts forward an analysis of scope interactions between Japanese adverbial quantifiers like mainichi 'everyday'and tokidoki 'sometimes'and a negative morpheme nai 'not'on the basis of f(ocus)-structures. In this analysis, three f-structures are assigned to a sentence with an adverbial quantifier and a negative morpheme. One of them represents a negation-wide reading, and the other two represent quantifier-wide readings. Some f-structures, however, are unacceptable due to semantic or pragmatic factors. Different scope behaviors of the two quantifiers mentioned above can then be ascribed to acceptability of f-structures.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.461-471
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to provide basic data for development of Korean teaching programs for immigrant women from multicultural families through the acoustic analysis of their prosodic phrasing and intonation pattern. The results showed that immigrant women showed some differences in most of the prosodic characteristics from a Korean women's group: Immigrant women realized the first word of a sentence in an intonational phrase while Korean women did in an accentual phrase. They also haven't yet correctly learned the tone type of the first of an accentual phrase which differs depending on the type of its first segment yet. As a result, they showed many diverse intonation patterns compared to Korean women. Furthermore, the immigrant women's groups showed some differences between them in a few prosodic characteristics. Philippine women, whose residence duration in Korea is relatively longer than that of Vietnamese women, were more similar to Korean women: Vietnamese women read a sentence with a larger number of intonational phrases than Philippine women did. And they realized sentence-final boundary tone of a yes-no question not only in 'H%' but also in 'HL%' while, like Korean women, Philippine women did only in 'H%'.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.177-191
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• 2016

Students can calculate the addition and subtraction problem using informal knowledge before receiving the formal instruction. Recently, the value that a computation lesson focus on the understanding and developing the various strategies is highlighted by curriculum developers as well as in reports. Ideally, a educational setting and classroom culture reflected students' learning and problem solving strategies. So, this paper analyzed the similarity and difference with respect to the numeric sentence and word problem in the addition and subtraction. The subjects for the study were 100 third-grade Korean students and 68 third-grade American students. Researcher developed the questionnaire in the addition and subtraction and used it for the survey. The following results have been drawn from this study. The computational ability of Korean students was higher than that of American students in both the numeric sentence and word problem. And it was revealed the differences of the strategies which were used problem solving process. Korean students tended to use algorithms and numbers' characters and relations, but American students tended to use the drawings and algorithms with drawings.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

Based on the sentence "The number of my family member and relatives reached around 200, but since the first year of Geonan(建安) era, two thirds of them died and seven out of ten died of cold damage in less than ten years" in Sanghanjapbyeongron(Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases), which is allegedly known to be written by Jangnunggyeong(張仲景), we analyzed the sentence by three factors of time, location and people. These factors are used in the investigation of the disease outbreak, and through this analysis, following conclusions were made. 1. Approximate 10 year crude mortality rate since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa(長沙) province was 67 out of 100 in the population. Approximate 10 year disease-specific mortality rate of cold damage since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa(長沙) province was 47 out of 100 in the population. Regardless of age, gender or other demographic variables, approximate 10 year proportionate mortality ratio since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era) in Jangsa province was 70.2%, which lead to the assumption that 70% of death is cold-damage related. 2. Increased disease-specific mortality rate by cold damage in Jangsa(長沙) province for about 10 years since A.D 196(the first yea of Geonan era), and followed increased crude mortality rate in the population, threatened the stability of nation or local government. This is due to the repeated war in late Han Dynasty with political chaos and repeated flood caused by geographical disadvantage in Jangsa province.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2016

To attain an understanding of customers' opinions or demands regarding a companies' products or service, it is important to consider VOC (Voice of Customer) data; however, it is difficult to understand contexts from VOC because segmented and duplicate sentences and a variety of dialog contexts. In this article, POS (part of speech) and morphemes were selected as language resources due to their semantic importance regarding documents, and based on these, we defined an LSP (Lexico-Semantic-Pattern) to understand the structure and semantics of the sentences and extracted summary by key sentences; furthermore the LSP was introduced to connect the segmented sentences and remove any contextual repetition. We also defined the LSP by categories and classified the documents based on those categories that comprise the main sentences matched by LSP. In the experiment, we classified the VOC-data documents for the creation of a summarization before comparing the result with the previous methodologies.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.1284-1284
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• 2024

Leveraging large language models and safety accident report data has unique potential for analyzing construction accidents, including the classification of accident types, injured parts, and work processes, using unstructured free text accident scenarios. We previously proposed a novel approach that harnesses the power of fine-tuned Generative Pre-trained Transformer to classify 6 types of construction accidents (caught-in-between, cuts, falls, struck-by, trips, and other) with an accuracy of 82.33%. Furthermore, we proposed a novel methodology, saliency visualization, to discern which words are deemed important by black box models within a sentence associated with construction accidents. It helps understand how individual words in an input sentence affect the final output and seeks to make the model's prediction accuracy more understandable and interpretable for users. This involves deliberately altering the position of words within a sentence to reveal their specific roles in shaping the overall output. However, the validation of saliency visualization results remains insufficient and needs further analysis. In this context, this study aims to qualitatively validate the effectiveness of saliency visualization methods. In the exploration of saliency visualization, the elements with the highest importance scores were qualitatively validated against the construction accident risk factors (e.g., "the 4m pipe," "ear," "to extract staircase") emerging from Construction Safety Management's Integrated Information data scenarios provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, Republic of Korea. Additionally, construction accident precursors (e.g., "grinding," "pipe," "slippery floor") identified from existing literature, which are early indicators or warning signs of potential accidents, were compared with the words with the highest importance scores of saliency visualization. We observed that the words from the saliency visualization are included in the pre-identified accident precursors and risk factors. This study highlights how employing saliency visualization enhances the interpretability of models based on large language processing, providing valuable insights into the underlying causes driving accident predictions.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.17-32
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• 2021

Speaker recognition is generally divided into speaker identification and speaker verification. Speaker recognition plays an important function in the automatic voice system, and the importance of speaker recognition technology is becoming more prominent as the recent development of portable devices, voice technology, and audio content fields continue to expand. Previous speaker recognition studies have been conducted with the goal of automatically determining who the speaker is based on voice files and improving accuracy. Speech is an important sociolinguistic subject, and it contains very useful information that reveals the speaker's attitude, conversation intention, and personality, and this can be an important clue to speaker recognition. The final ending used in the speaker's speech determines the type of sentence or has functions and information such as the speaker's intention, psychological attitude, or relationship to the listener. The use of the terminating ending has various probabilities depending on the characteristics of the speaker, so the type and distribution of the terminating ending of a specific unidentified speaker will be helpful in recognizing the speaker. However, there have been few studies that considered speech in the existing text-based speaker recognition, and if speech information is added to the speech signal-based speaker recognition technique, the accuracy of speaker recognition can be further improved. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel method using speech style expressed as a sentence-final ending to improve the accuracy of Korean speaker recognition. To this end, a method called sentence sequencing that generates vector values by using the type and frequency of the sentence-final ending appearing in the utterance of a specific person is proposed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, learning and performance evaluation were conducted with a actual drama script. The method proposed in this study can be used as a means to improve the performance of Korean speech recognition service.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the perceptive aspects of the polysemic sentence final ending "-(eu)lgeol" produced by Chinese Korean learners. "-(Eu)lgeol" has two different meanings, that is, a guess and a regret, and these different meanings are expressed by the different prosodic features of the last syllable of "-(eu)lgeol". To examine how Korean native speakers perceive "-(eu)lgeol" sentences produced by Chinese Korean learners and the most saliant prosodic variable for the semantic discrimination of "-(eu)lgeol" at the perceptive level, we performed a perceptual experiment. The analysed material constituted four Korean sentences containing "-(eu)lgeol" in which two sentences expressed guesses and the other two expressed regret. Twenty-five Korean native speakers participated in the perceptual experiment. Participants were asked to mark whether "-(eu)lgeol" sentences they listened to were (1) definitely regrets, (2) probably regrets, (3) ambiguous, (4) probably guesses, or (5) definitely guesses based on the prosodic features of the last syllable of "-(eu)lgeol". The analysed prosodic variables were sentence boundary tones, slopes of boundary tones, pitch difference between sentence-final and penultimate syllables, and pitch levels of boundary tones. The results show that all the analysed prosodic variables are significantly correlated with the semantic discrimination of "-(eu)lgeol" and among these prosodic variables, the most salient role in the semantic discrimination of "-(eu)lgeol" is pitch difference between sentence-final syllable and penultimate syllable.