• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2014

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) are applied to many monitoring applications. Present sensor nodes can perform many functions at the same time and contain complex software. During the lifetime of sensor nodes, they are required to reprogram their software because of their new functions, software, software bug fixes. The nodes are inaccessible physically or it is very difficult to upgrade their software by one by one. To upgrade the software of sensor nodes in WSNs remotely, this paper presents an energy efficient method by selecting an optimal relay node. The CHR(Cluster Head Relay) method is compared with SPIN and RANDOM method. Three methods are simulated in NS-2 with the same environmental parameters. Simulation results show that CHR shows faster update time and less power consumption compared with other two methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.894-896
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• 2010

In mobile wireless sensor network, Whole nodes can move. In mobile wireless sensor network based on clustering, there can be frequent re-configuration of cluster according to frequent changes of location. Frequent reconfiguration of the cluster cause a lot of power consumption and data loss. To solve this problem, we suggest relay method for sending reliable data and decreases a number of re-configuration of cluster using relay node.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.230-238
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• 2021

A sensor network is made up of many sensors deployed in different areas to be monitored. They communicate with each other through a wireless medium. The routing of collected data in the wireless network consumes most of the energy of the network. In the literature, several routing approaches have been proposed to conserve the energy at the sensor level and overcome the challenges inherent in its limitations. In this paper, we propose a new low-energy routing protocol for power grids sensors based on an unsupervised clustering approach. Our protocol equitably harnesses the energy of the selected cluster-head nodes and conserves the energy dissipated when routing the captured data at the Base Station (BS). The simulation results show that our protocol reduces the energy dissipation and prolongs the network lifetime.

• Journal of Internet Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1801-1810
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• 2018

In this study, an energy-aware data-replication is proposed to effectively support a mobile sink in a solar-powered wireless sensor network (WSN). By utilizing the redundant energy efficiently, the proposed scheme shares the gathered data among the cluster heads using a backbone network, in order to increase data-reliability. It also maintains a backup cluster head in each cluster to enhance topological resilience. The simulation result showed that, compared to conventional clustering techniques, the proposed scheme decreases the total amount of data loss from the mobile sink as well as saving its energy (by reducing its moving distance), while minimizing the unexpected blackout time of the sensor node.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.667-677
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• 2018

Since sensor networks consist of sensor nodes with limited energy resources, so efficient energy use of sensor nodes is very important in the design of sensor networks. Sensor nodes consume a lot of energy for data transmission. Clustering technique is used to efficiently use energy in data transmission. Recently, mobile sink techniques have been proposed to reduce the energy load concentrated on the cluster header near a sink node. The CMS(Cluster-based Mobile sink) technique minimizes the generation of control messages by creating a data transmission path while creating clusters, and supports the inter-cluster one-hop transmission. But, there is a case where there is no connectivity between neighbor clusters, it causes a problem of having a long hop data transmission path regardless of local distance. In this paper, we propose a SCBC(Strong connection balancing cluster) to support the path of the minimum number of hops. The proposed scheme minimizes the number of hops in the data transmission path and supports efficient use of energy in the cluster header. This also minimizes a number of hops in data transmission paths even when the sink moves and establishes a new path, and it supports the effect of extending the life cycle of the entire sensor network.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.206-216
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• 2010

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to collect various data in environment monitoring applications. A spatial clustering may reduce energy consumption of data collection by partitioning the WSN into a set of spatial clusters with similar sensing data. For each cluster, only a few sensor nodes (samplers) report their sensing data to a base station (BS). The BS may predict the missed data of non-samplers using the spatial correlations between sensor nodes. ASAP is a representative data collection algorithm using the spatial clustering. It periodically reconstructs the entire network into new clusters to accommodate to the change of spatial correlations, which results in high message overhead. In this paper, we propose a new data collection algorithm, name EPDC (Energy-efficient Periodic Data Collection). Unlike ASAP, EPDC identifies a specific cluster consisting of many dissimilar sensor nodes. Then it reconstructs only the cluster into subclusters each of which includes strongly correlated sensor nodes. EPDC also tries to reduce the message overhead by incorporating a judicious probabilistic model transfer method. We evaluate the performance of EPDC and ASAP using a simulation model. The experiment results show that the performance improvement of EPDC is up to 84% compared to ASAP.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.100-107
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• 2007

One of the fundamental problems in wireless sensor networks is the efficient deployment of sensor nodes. The Fuzzy C-Means(FCM) clustering algorithm is proposed to determine the optimum location and minimum number of sensor nodes for the specific application space. We performed a simulation and a experiment using two rectangular and one L shape area. We found the minimum number of sensor nodes for the complete coverage of modeled area, and discovered the optimum location of each nodes. The real deploy experiment using sensor nodes shows the 94.6%, 92.2% and 95.7% error free communication rate respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.3B
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• pp.123-134
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• 2008

In this paper, a routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks is proposed to improve the efficiency of energy consumption in sensor nodes. Each sensor node has the value called ‘Flooding Level’ obtained through the initial flooding from a sink node instead of sending beacon messages in multi-hop sensor field. This value can be used for guaranteeing the sensor nodes to connect with a sink node and determining the roles of cluster-head and cluster-gateway node efficiently and simply during the clustering. If different algorithms are added to our protocol, it will work better in the side of energyefficiency. This algorithm is evaluated through analysis and extensive simulations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.111-112
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• 2007

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a Cluster-based Cooperative Routing using ARQ (CCRA) for supporting both reliability and transmitting efficient service in mobile ad-hoc wireless sensor networks with Rayleigh fading environments. The main contributions and features of this paper are as follows. First, the clustering method which uses the position information of nodes as underlying structure for supporting reliable transmission services is used. Second, the cooperative data transmission method based on the underlying clustering informations is used to improve both reliability and data transmission efficiency. Third, the ARQ-based transmission is used to improve transmission reliability. Fourth, we consider a realistic approach, in the points of view of mobile ad-hoc wireless sensor networks, based on mobile sensor nodes as well as fixed sensor nodes in the sensor fields while the conventional research for sensor networks focus on mainly fixed sensor networks. The performance evaluation of proposed routing protocol implemented via simulation using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) and theoretical analysis.