• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.304-312
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• 2011

In this study, MOSFET type micro hydrogen gas sensors with platinum catalytic metal gates were designed, fabricated, and their electrical characteristics were analyzed. The devised MOSFET Hydrogen Sensors, called MHS-1 and -2, were designed with a platinum gate for hydrogen gas adsorption, and an additional sensing part for higher gas sensitivity and with a micro heater for operation temperature control. In the electrical characterization of the fabricated Pt-gate MOSFET (MHS-1), the saturated drain current was 3.07 mA at 3.0 V of gate voltage, which value in calculation was most similar to measurement data. The amount of threshold voltage shift and saturated drain current increase to variation of hydrogen gas concentration were calculated and the hydrogen gas sensing properties were anticipated and analyzed.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 1994

Acute toxicity of heavy metals( mercury, cadmium lead, chromium and copper ), organophosphours insecticides( EPN, 2, 4- D, and parathion ), and other chemicals( arsenic, cyanide, and phenol ) to Daphnia magna was analyzed. Acute toxicity of heavy metals, organophosphours insecticides and other chemicals on Daphnia magna, LC$_{50}$ was showed 0.07-0.73mg/1, 0.22-1.94mg/t and 1.73-39.92mg/1 respectively. Daphnia magna to most of toxic chemicals was sensitive and then it seems to be useful except phenol in toxic test of water. Toxic chemicals were classified as Group 1 which had a high LC$_{50}$ value and the low increase rate of toxicity according to the increase of concentration, Group 2 which had a high LC$_{50}$ value and the high increase rate of toxicity, Group 3 which had a low LC$_{50}$ value and the low increase rate of toxicity. To Daphnia magna, lead, chromium, EPN, and parathion were included in Group 1; Mercury and copper in Group 2; Arsenic and cadmium in Group 3; Cyanide 2,4- D, and phenol in Group 4.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 1984

This study is concerned with the economic aspects of $125,000m^3$ class LNG carriers with different propulsion plant such as conventional steam turbine and slow speed diesel engine with reliquefaction plant. The ship's speed and L/B ratio were optimized with criterion of required freight rate(RFR) by using the PROCAL computer program package. In order to investigate the effect of fuel oil price, round trip distance and boil-off rate on the RFR and the optimum speed, sensitivity analysis were also performed.

• ALGAE
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2012

Algae are sensitive to a wide range of pollutants, and are effective bioindicators in ecotoxicity assessments. Here, we evaluated the sub-lethal sensitivity of the marine dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides upon exposure to copper (Cu), lead (Pb), bisphenol A (BPA), and Aroclor 1016 (polychlorinated biphenyl, PCB). Toxic effects were assessed by observations of the reduction in cell counts and chlorophyll a levels after exposure to each toxicant. C. polykrikoides displayed dose-dependent, sigmoidal responses when exposed to the tested chemicals. $EC_{50}$-72 h values for Cu, Pb, BPA, and PCB were 12.74, 46.70, 68.15, and $1.07mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. PCB, which is an endocrine-disrupting chemical, was the most sensitive, proving its toxic effect on the dinoflagellate. This study provides baseline data on the toxic effects of commonly used heavy metals and endocrine-disrupting chemicals to a marine dinoflagellate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1992.03a
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• pp.83-102
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• 1992

As shear localization is observed in different deformation modes, an attempt is made to understand the conditions for shear localization in general deformation modes. Most emphasis in put upon the effects of pre-localization deformation mode on the onset of shear localization and all the other well-recognized effects of subtle constitutive features and imperfection sensitivity studied elsewhere are not investigated here. Rather, an approximate perturbation stability analysis is performed for simplified isotropic rigid-plastic solids subjected to general mode of homogeneous deformation. Shear localization is possible in any deformation mode if the material has strain softening. The incipient rate of shear localization and shear plane orientations are strongly dependent upon the pre-localization deformation mode. Significant strain softening is necessary for shear localization in homogeneous axisymmetric deformation modes while infinitesimal strain softening is necessary for shear localization in plane strain deformation mode. In any deformation mode, there are more than one shear plane orientation. Except for homogeneous axisymmetric deformation modes, there are two possible shear plane orientations with respect to the principal directions of stretching. Some well-known examples are discussed in the light of the current analysis.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.135-144
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• 1999

Environmental toxicities of priority water pollutants were evaluated by two selected bioassays, Lettuce seed germination/elongation test and Microtox acute toxicity test. Toxic chemicals (heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and phenolic compounds) inhibited the germination rate and root elongation of Lettuce seed, as well as the bioluminescence of Microtox bacteria. When test biota were exposed to target chemicals, the sensitivity of Lettuce bioassay was relatively lower than that of Microtox bioassay. However, Lettuce bioassay may be a good candidate for prescreening the environmental toxicities of priority water pollutants, since the testing method with Lettuce seed was relatively easier and more economic than with Microtox bacteria. Toxicity tests were conducted to compare the validity and sensitivity of both bioassays for sediment from a small stream passed through urban area as well as leachate from a municipal solid waste landfill. From experimental results, we found that Lettuce test and Microtox test are compensated each other as a battery of bioassay for evaluating the environmental toxicities of field samples obtained from a small stream contaminated by pollutants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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• v.36D no.9
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• pp.46-49
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• 1999

By attaching two metals with different thermal expansion coefficients to a fiber Bragg grating, we show that the temperature sensitivity is successfully improved to 3.3 times that of bare fiber Bragg grating and controlled by changing the metal length.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1991.07a
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• pp.127-130
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• 1991

A magnetic levitation system with hybrid magnets, which is composed of permanent magnets and electromagnets, consumes less power than the conventional attraction type system. A parallel complementary controller on the lift controller is proposed to reduce the sensitivity for parameter variation and force disturbance. Simulation and experiment show that the lift system has robustness to force disturbance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.372-379
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• 2003

The problems encountered by ultrasonic testing of austenitic stainless steel weld joints are discussed in the paper. Due to low thermal conductivity and the occurrence of single phase between the melting point and the room temperature, coarse and oriented grains are formed in such weld metals more in thick sections. This leads to higher scattering at the grain boundaries and low signal to noise ratio, and extensive beam skewing. Experimental results to understand these problem are explained.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2006

We developed and evaluated a method of short-term acute toxicity testing based on the feeding behavior of Ceriodaphnia dubia. In prior toxicity tests, neonates of C. dubia were hatched and cultivated with the addition of yeast only for the preparation of the transparent daphnid's gut. Scenedesmus subspicatus was supplied as food after 1 to 6 h of exposure to toxicants. The effects of 1-h and 6-h exposure time on test sensitivity did not significantly differ. A comparison of the short-term l-h acute toxicity test developed in this study to the standard 48-h acute toxicity test using heavy metals, cyanide, and pentachlorophenol indicated that the 1-h test provided an acceptable sensitivity level in toxicity testing of C. dubia..